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rBetween You7 and ýMe By-RUTH CHIAMBERS w%0qi *Aboýut, beha"vioura Bakto sehool"' again for a few weeks one night a week to learn about CI.V.P., Commnunity Involvement and Voluznteer Programs. One\9f may class'mates was a YOUng man, interesting, and ver bright. Why is he here and what is bis background 1 wondered? When there was a luffl or a coffee break we tallced. An in- terest ini science, oriente d in this direction Kent 'Sargeant how ba s bis B.Sc. and Masters degree in biology. He hopes to go into niedcine in the near future and after graduation he and bis wife Janice,,a nurse wiil hopefully goto India. So' he is interesting and I asked0 him ail sorts of, questions about his major. Blology genetics come s from an interest in behavioural' geneties and their relation to one, anather. This' is a relatively new science and in 1960 a book was written on behaviaural genetics which represents a synthis of a lot of studies. The purpose was two fold; to what extent do genes affect behaviour and exactly how, do genes act? Behavioural genetics is associated with psychologyj.- amnmai belhaviour, (ethology) and genetics both in practise and in hlstory. This study is basically concerned with two questions. To what extent do genes affect behaviour or rather control it? How la tbis control possible, that is what mechanisms are involved? The second question is very complex and 15 far *from Jeing understood. It involves finding out the structure and operation of the nervous system, including the brain a nd- then discovering bow beredity dictates the development of this structure, as it does for the whole body. Some animal activities are learned and, some are mnate, instinctual. Many animais bave examples of both kl<nds of bebavlour. >Learning la not limited to man andother anmais may ekibitý this phenomenon such as dogs and chùmpanzees. For exaxnple, a group of monkeys in Japan were observed to learn to seperate grain from sand by throwlng the mixture ito water and reclaiming the floating grain. This case was interestlng because the group was not taught by man but by one niember of the group who accldently discovered bow to separate the grain from the sand. They taughtthemselves. . mate, behavlour is behavlour that, Is fot established through previous experience. Individuals' raised in Isolation wil show the sanie responses as those who are not isolated. These patterns are somehow transmitted gen- tically and. are rldgidly pre-progranied into organianis. Exanimples of this'are seen in ail animais and include such things as a «"mother instinct" and, some aspects of the behaviour of the young. Human babies show. a "smuling" reflex whenever they see a face. Psychologists have shown that this is triggered not by the face of the mother or father but by any face. This I think I would dispute. Moreover they-say the whole face need not be seen as dark sports for the eyes and a line for a mouth painted on cardboard will cause the response taooc- cur. This 1 feel might depend on the baby.- SIs inate behaviour genticaily pre-programed and is lear- ming under no controls at ail? The answer seems to be no. In animal studies learning is limited to' certain tbings. Some things they can learn and others tbey cannot. Early resear- ch on chimpanzees concluded with the feeling that tbey could flot learn a language because they couldn't be taught ta speak. To day we realize that the reason for this fallure, was not due ta the, low, intelligence of -the chimps but to ours!1 Chimps can't. speak English because. their vocal ,ap- paratus is'constructed differently. They can be taught to BY FREE PRESS, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 31, 1979, PAGE 15 manlpulate symbols or use their hands to commIunicate witb humnans. Behavloural genetics has many practical aspects some of which have been practised for maybe tbousands of years. Ever since animais have been domestjcated and selective breeding began, behaviaur has been mnitpulated as much as m ilk production of cow s a nd t st f r i a i a ti . G o examnples Of this are buils and dogs; orine breeds were developed and prized for aggressive ébvlour.- On the other side of the coin, sheep and other animais have been bred partly in increase their docility so that they will be easier to handie. Behavioural genetlcs has the capaclty to speclfY Just how far one can go in sucb breedlng progranis and how fast progress can be made. Man in many significant ways may be considered to, be an animal. What one sees ini other anixnal's.behaviour bas in many instances, analogies with man. Heredity undoub- CONT'D ON PC. 17 AIl1 Cougars great and small 1 His' new toy is bigner, than he is. David Mudge, s won Sheba, a giant stuffed cougar in Glenwood LincolnMer-, cury's draw last week. The draw was part of a'promotion Glenwood sponsored featuring 2 live cougars on display initheir, showroom. Standing witb David- and. bis cougar on the Caugar is Doug Johnston, the'owner 0f Glenwood Lincoln Mercury. C, > > -ý ý< ,