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THURSDAY, APRIL 6TH, 193(j THE CANADIAN STATESMAN, I3OWMANVILILE, ONTARIO News oF InterestTo Rural Readers ~ Durham Agricultural Society Was iGoing Strong Hundred Years Ago Edwin C. Guillet, M.A., who writes such interesting articles of ole as for~ the Cobourg Sen- te-Sapublished one 1 a s t week which will open the eyes of many of our readers. To you who are under the impression that ag- ricultural societies are modemn institutions, Mr. Guillet's article will give you a surprise in that such organizations were in exis- tence one hundred year ago and right in this county. The article reads: Durham Agrîcultural Society Meeting. a Mllbrook in 1839 "At a meeting of the Society, held at Millbrook ina the Township of Cavan, at Mrs. Johnson's Tav- ern, on Monday, May 6, 1839, for the exhibition o! stallions, bulîs and cows, the President, David Smart, Esquire, being unavoid- ably absent, John Knowlson, Esq., Vice-President, presided, assisted by Alexander Broadfoot, Wm. Sissons, and Wm. Lawson, Esq., and others, members belonging to the Society. "The judges appointed for the stallions were John Swain, Mat- thew Smith and John Benson, Esq. The judges for the bulîs and cows were Wm. Scott, John Gran- dy, M. Rourk, Esq., when the fol- lowing premiums were awarded to the undermentioned competi- tors: Ls d Andrew Foster, Best Stallion -----------5 0 O Charles Hughes, 2nd Best Stallion ---- 2 10 0, Wm. Lough, Best Bull..---3 0 0 Jacob Choat, 2nd Best Bull -------- 1 10 0 Patrick McGuire, .Best Cow --------------- 2 0 0 Jacob Choat, 2nd Best Cow ------- 1 0 0 £15 0 O "Ater the business was con- cluded, the members, to a great number, sat down to a good din- ner prepared by Mrs. Johnson; after which appropriate toasts were given and drank with much applause, together with much use- fui discourse respecting Agricul- tural improvements; and is pleas- ing to observe, many names were added ta our list o! subscribers; and it speaks well towards gen- eral improvement in agriculture throughout the County of Dur- ham. "The next show of Stock will take place at the Village of New- ton, inje Township o! Clarke, on the 7TTst Friday in the month of October next at the hour o! twelve noon. R. Sutton, Secre- tary."1 - Cobourg Star, May 15, 1839.) Militia Parade Day In Cobourg "IYesterday being the 4th o! June, the usual annual training of niilitia took place in this town. APPLE GROWERS DISCUSS PROBLEMS A well attended and enthusias- tic meeting o! apple growers was hcld Wednesday night at New- castle. The gathering was sponsored by The Niagara Brand Spray Co., Burlington, and their local deal- er, R. M. Cale, and took the form of an informai discussion on the various problemns relative to the production and sale of apples. Further discussion followed on the problemns presented by the various insects and diseases which attack the apple, and metbods for their control were gone into thor- oughly. The talks on spraying were accompanied by moving pic- tures of orchard scenes taken throughout the Province. The growers expressed their appreciation of the interest mani- fested in their problems by the Niagara Brand Spray Co., and their representatives were thank- ed by the growers for their efforts in arranging meetings o! this nat- ure. Many of those who attended stated that it was very gratifying to have a commercial company show such a keen interest in the affairs of the fruit industry. The muster was very strong, amnounting to upwards o! 800 ef- fective men; who, it is grati!ying to state, conducted themselves throughout the day with a degree of order and propriety highly creditable to themn as citizens and as soldiers. The officers, with Col. Burnhamn as President, subse- quently sat down to a most excel- lent dinner, provided for the oc- casion by Mr. West of the North American hotel, and the evening passed off with the utmost har- mony and satis!action."-Cobourg Star, June 5, 1839.) Parade Day Ends la Riot la Percy Township In more rural regions the mili- tia parade day was usually a ludicrous performance and often ended in a fight. The Star of June 12 contains the following note relative to the Township of Percy: "'We have heard of a disgraceful riot having occurred in Percy a few days since, arising out of some political excitement at the late training o! the militia there, i which several persons are re- ported to have been seriously in- jured." Hit on Or. Market "The quality of the Canadian Milk- fed chickens on this market is ex- ceptionally good and these buyers who have sampled are gîving repeat orders."-'Modern Meat Mfarketing', London, England. YOU CAN#lT BEAT PICOBAC TOBACCOew74qv Ief SHANDY SEAL-TIGHT POUC1 1 5C 'hz-LB. "LOK-TOP" TIN 60c aIso nacked in Poclcet Tins Tune in the HYDRO "GARDEN OF MELODYII featuring Carroll Lucas and his Choral Orchestra Every THURSDAY - 8 to 8.30 p.m. CFRB e CFPL e CFRC CKLW - CKCO Cost 0f Grain For Producing 100 Pounds 0f Pork Each month The Statesman re- F.S.S., Statistician and Economist. ter and more uniform quality of ceives a Bulletin called the Stanford is son of the late Mrs. pork for the British market, as "Monthly Crop Report" from the Symons and Frank Symons who well as a study supply for this Ontario Department of Agricul- lives in Toronto now, but was a very desirable export market we ture. We are particularly irtercst- well known drover in Durham thought the following table pre- ed in this report because it is pre- County for many ycars. pared by Mr. Symons would be pared by a Bowmanville boy who With the Provincial and Fed- both interesting and helpful to was a brilliant scholar at B.H.S., eral Departments of Agriculture our farmer readers who raise Stanford H. H. Symons, B.Comm., urging farmers to produce a bet- hogs. The article follows: The table below is arranged for the hog producer who purchases his feed. It shows the cost of producing 100 pounds of pork according to the degree of skîll with which feeding operations are carried on and the price per bushel paid for grain. Thus, if the farmer, under bis customary feeding practice, feeds 450 pounds of oats to produce 100 pounds o! pork and oats cost hlm 28 cents a bushel, the table shows that the cost is $3.71. To secure the balance available for the remaining cost and profit in raising 100 pounds o! hog it is only necessary to deduct $3.71 from the current price o! hogs. At $900 per cwt. market price for hogs the balance would be $9.00 minus $3.71 which is $5.29 per cwt. or $1058 on a 200 pound hog. When it takes the number of lbs. of grain specified be- low to produce 100 lbs. o! hog. Cost of Grain for Produclng 100 pounds of Hog Whcn price o! Oats per bushel is $.25 $ .28 $ .30 $ .35 Cost of producing 100 lbs. o! hog I. I 1~ Whcn price o!. Weheat per bushel is $.55 $ .60 $ .65 $ .70 -1 1 Cost o! producing 100 lbs. o! hog Whcn price o! Barley per bushel is $ .35 $ .40 $ .48 $ .50 Cost o! producing 100 lbs. o! hog 375 lbs. of grain ---- 3.44 3.75 3.98 4.39 2.73 3.12 3.75 3.901 2.76 3.09 3.30 3.816 400 lbs. of grain 3.67 4.00 4.24 4. 68 2.92 3.33 4.00 4.16 2.94 3.30 3.52 4.12 450 lbs. of grain. 4.13 4.50 4.77 5.27 3.28 3.75 4.50 4.68 3.31 3.71 3.96 4.64 500 lbs. of grain --- 4.59 5.00 5.30 5.851 3.65 4.17 5.00 5.20 3.68 4.12 4.40 5.15 The New Era In Agriculture- Revolutionary Changes Are WroughtBy Farm Machineryý Pioneer Days Recailed In Rotary Address The vast changes that have been effected in farming through the use o! labour-saving imple- ments and the part that modemn !arm machinery is playing, in re- ducing the farmer's costs of pro- duction, were the highlights in an1 address on "The New Era in Ag-, riculture" given before the Ro-1 tary Club o! Toronto, last week,] by John Martin o! the Massey-i Harris Company, at which the Editor o! The Statesman was pri-i vileged to attend. Believing this address will be o! particular in- terest te our farm readers we made notes on some of the more important points presented. Mr. Martin, by striking con- tasts o! production fi g ur es,j brought home to his audience the importance o! agriculture in Can- ada, showing that the value o! the fodder cops o! Canada for 1937 amounted te $ 138,000,000 - whemeas that for the total gold production o! Canada, for the saine year, was $143,000,000, or "1pactically the samne amount for fodder - just feed for horses and cattle, as for the gold production of Canada", and that "the dairy production o! Ontario and Quebec alone was $157,000,000 or $14,- 000,000 more than for the total gold production o! Canada." "The Story o! the development o! agriculture fromn the amal clearings o! the pioneer days to the larger acreages of to-day," the speaker said, "was largely the story of the introduction and de- velopment o! farm implements, and Canadians bad played a most important part in it." Exporta Important to National Economy "Men like the Harrîs's, Massey's, Wisner's, Patterson's, V e r i t y's, Cockshutt's, Frost and Wood, had put Canada right in the forefront o! implement making in t h e world," be said and told how the small plant stated in Newcastle by Daniel Massey i 1847 had grown and o! the amalgamation with the Harris Company in 1891. How the business spread to 52 countries o! the world and spoke o! it as being as firmly establish- ed in the business o! a score o! other countries as in its own nat- ive land. "As a result o! its expert busi- ness, Massey-Harris," he said, "in- the ten year period from 1928- 1937, spent in Canada $21,261,000 more thon the total o! nîl its sales; in Canada, sumely a woth-while contribution to the national econ- omy o! Canada." Removes Stoops From Farmlng "One o! the oldest o! callings," the speaker eminded bis audi- ence, "1farming had seen few changes down through the ages until the coming o! mechanical aids. Now changes take place with such rapidity that we do not stop to consider the transforma- tion that bas taken place." He found a ready means o! recalling what !arming meant i the pre- machine days by refemence to those famous pictures o! the great French Amtist, Millet, which still adomn the walls o! many homes - "The Angelus', "The Gleaners", and "The Man with the Hoe", and pointed out that they aIl had one significant characteristic and that was the bent backs o! the people working in the field. The full import o! - "The Man with the Hoe" he brought home with dramatie force in the !ew lines he quoted fom Edwin Mark- ham's now famous poem in wbich he calîs on - "Masters, Lords and Rulers o! all Lands to straighten up this shape," but Mr. Martin addcd, "cach step in the emanci- pating o! the farmer from this back-bmeaking, b r a i n-deadening toil has come about by the intro- duction o! some new labor-snving machine, and thus modemn !arm machinery had donc more than aîl the Masters, Lords and Rulers o! aîl lands to straighten up this shape." Farm Production Costs Lowered "Even with Canadian farming on a higher standing than it had ever been here or in any other part o! the world, it still had great problems confronting it, such as the difficulties o! Western Canada with soil-drifting, rust and grass- hoppers; the 10w price that pre- vailed for somne o! its products, the disparity o! farmn product prices with the prices o! manu- factured products generally, and the problem o! dwmndling export markets for wheat and its conse- quent low price." "But here agaîn," the speaker said, "the agricultural engineer cornes to the aid o! the farmer and cited thxe development of the One-Way-Disc Seeder which com- bining the various operations o! tillage and seeding ahl in one avoided too much over cultivation o! the soil and left it i a matted condition which success!ully e- sisted soil-blowing and at the same time cut the cost o! tillage and seeding by at least 40%. "In the great need for concen- trating on lower cost o! produc- tion the agricultural engineer had effected an adaptation of the com- bine method o! harvesting in the new small power-take-off com- bines which brought the advan- tages o! this most economical mcthod o! harvesting within the scope of the farmer o! smallcr acreages. A one man outfit," Mr. Martin said, "farmers last year told him that their only out of pocket expense for operation was the cost o! gas and oil which amounted to what it would have cost for the price o! binder-twine alone, if they had used the binder, thresher method, saving the cost o! stookers and threshing crews, and the woman o! the farm was -- ID -7- A T RHEUMATIC PAINS Bakah,jLumbagotand Rheumatic pi.aeotun due tocongested kid- Pila uimat kiny ationeli.nte exceu acide and tone-upthe blood- .tream. If toxic waate uatter in yu ,yt m â mkn yu tired, achey, =erud, tkeGi 1Pl8. Two Sizes - - - Reg. New Economy Size - - (Double the Quantity) saved the ordeal o! cooking for the tbmeshing crew, etc. "Tractors, too, had shown as great improvements. cspecially in the meduction of operating costs. Citing one striking example in the ncw tractor in the saving in oul alone, 5 quarts instcad o! 12 being now requimed at a !illing and o! only needing to change every 100 boums instead o! every 30 as heme- tofore. Saving as mucb as $60.00 a year. "'Agricultumal engineering was working hand in hand with the farmer in the solution o! bis pmob- lems and in lowering the costs o! production and so helping to put !amming on a more profitable basis." Agriculture Ha$ Clean Bill Heaith There neyer bas been an outbreak of the dreaded foot and mouth dis- case of cattie in Canada. This has been due to a large extent to the persistent and exacting measures of Vrecaution adopted by the Health of Animais Service of the Dominion iDepartment of Agriçulture at ail 1seaports and internatonai boundary points in Canada. Experience bas made officiaIs of this Service suspic- ious of every conceivable thing that - has had the slightest contact with a farm in the country where it is known there may bc either an odd case oi the disease of a severe epizo- otic (epidemic of ani.mal disease). As soon as a ship arrives at nny port of Canada front another counitrN, the cargo manifesta are very carefully checked by jnspectors of the Domiii- ion Department of Agriculture, and carrier of disease muast be accoim- panied by the required certif icates or everythinz that is feared inay be removed fromn Canada, 11, soine cases fumigation is permitted. Old or secondhand bags 'are abso- lutelv prohibited entrv t0 Canada if they originate in a counitrv in which foot and mouth disease exists. Sec- ondhand bags f romn counitries f re f romt the disease must be accompian-i ied by an af fidavit stating they orig. nated ini. and have îlot been outside, the countrv of origin. No chance is taken because the threat to the ini- dustry of agriculture by far the mnost important of ail industries in Canada, might prove too costly. The sane rigid precautionary mien- sures applv toalal f reight likelv to bie a carrier of infcction, iunported f roin the United States. Alinost cvery day, several carloads of rawv Cotton conwl into Canada froin the Southern States, and while mnOst o! the billes are enclosed in gunny sackilig, wvbiclb 15 nult a suspectc(l inaterial. cv\erN- car is unloaded at specified points wbiere tliere are funmigating zchaînibers lu or bagginz on the bales, for such inaterial rna' baave origiiiated il, counitries whecre fou)t and tiouth dis- iease is common. If su, the whule I 1 trust be fuînigated anîd the car in which ili came inust l)e disiîîfect.d. But the activities ini cunnectiOnl wvith preventing the eîîtry o!f oot and inouth or nniV uther (lisease imb Canada is oîîly on p)art of the work o! the Health of AniiaIs Service. There are aiso the mlensures for the control of Banig's disease, and the suspicionl of sucli diseases as hog chioIera. glanders, inange, and rabies demands and receîi es 1-r1m1)t investi- gation and action. Further. there is the eradication O! bovinie tuberculos- is. About one-third oîf all cattle ini Canada have beeni tested witlî tuber- cnlin. and aimialsfouind aff-çcted bave becit slaughtercd. Anothe r of the oncrous duties of lte Health of .-X.nimals Service i5 the inlspection O! ienîas ini ail abattoirs Nvhich export inecal from On1e province tî ailothler, or beyon(i the Dunîîîîioni. Gnndhi's method works weli in India. In the Occident he would have been pcmmitted to starve long ago.-Detroit Free Press. A !ricnd tells us lie rofused to hclp bis son with bis home-lessoni sum. He snys it wouldn't be ight. -Quebec Chronicle-Telegmaph. I can't say that I have any gla - mour for glamour is always some- thing someone else has.-Deanna Durbin. George McCullagh bas turned over thxe Leadership League to two eminent medical men. It is probably only a coincidence that one o! them, Sir Fredemick Bant- ing, bas recently become an auth- ority on resuscitation. - Toronto Saturday Night. Clover Seed Exports Up to the end of February, 1939, about 4,000,000 lb. of the new crop of red clover secd in Canada had been bought bv the domnestic sced trade. Exports f rom july 1, 1938, to January 31, 1939, werc 247.800 lb. Durinz the same period the total ex- ports of alsike clover seed werc 3,- 493,200 lb.. comparcd with 717,000 lb. in the corresponding period of 19,17. The 1938 commercial produc- tion of registered and certif icd seed barley is estimated at 131,000 bushels an(l 59,000 bushels respectively; and of sced wheat, 257,000 bushels re- Ristcred seed. and 2,300,000 bushcls certified seed. THE HONEY BEE A GREAT WORKER IN THE COMMUNITY Bees Are Partieularly Valuable In Orchards for Polllnation Purposes The chief value of the honey bee lies flot in the amount o! honey it gathers but in its aid to agriculture generally. The com- munity in which the beekeeper operates often receives more ben- efit than the beekeeper himself. The importance of the honey bee, particularly in the early spring when few other pollination insects are prevalent, cannot be estimated; later its importance in the pollination of other crops, as small fruits and clovers, is gen- emally recognized. The h o n e y bees are especially well adapted to carry pollen. Their bodies and legs are covered with hairs to which the pollen grains adbere when working the flower in search o! pollen and nectar for their own requirements. Many o! these grains o! pollen become lodged on the receptive stigmas and fertilize the flowers. Aitho' the honey bee can scarcely be called domesticated, its numbers can be controlled. Hundreds o! hives are moved yearly from one section to another either to be placed in orchards for pollination purposes or to gather a crop o! ,honey. Over-wintered colonies of becs have been used in the orchard o! the Experimental Station, Kent- ville, N.S., for many years for pol- lination purposes, states E. D. Craig, Head Beekeeper. This or- chard has neyer failed to produce a crop and since 1930 bas averag- cd an annual production o! 100 barrels per acre. Other orchards in which bees have been used as pollinators, even though t h e bloom was only mcdium, have produced good crops although the former crop histories o! tbese or- chards with a similar bloom were in many cases excccdingly irreg- ular. The habitat o! the honey bee is flot confined to any particular zone but it is active from the Tropics almost to the Arctic Circle and the honey produced per hive varies not with the length o! the season but with the abundance o! flora and the length o! the day. Honey production is steadily in- creasing in Canada. Mrs. J. W. McMaster, Mrs. Chas. Naylor, Misses Norma and Beryl Glaspel, Bernice Chapman, Eileen Stainton and Audrey Ayre attended the Young People's Con- vention at Columbus. Mrs. W. Glaspel, Oshawa, at Mr. F. B. Glaspel's. Miss Mary Cameron bas accept- ed a position in Oshawa, Miss Annie Killen, Oshawa, at Mr. R. Killen's. Mr. J. Baxter, Oshawa, Mr. August Gcisberger and cbildren, Harmony, at Mr. Hans Geiaber- ger's. Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Balson and Jean, at Mr. W. J. Trick's, Osh- awa. Mrs. Jas. Stainton at Mrs. Nellie Lander's, Oshawa. Mr. Al! Ayre attcnded the Royal Winter Faim Board banquet at Toronto. Miss Berenice Stainton, Peter- boro, at Mr. A. T. Stainton's. Mr. and Mrs. A. T. Stainton, Misses Eileen and Berenice Stain- ton, at Toronto. Mr. Elwood Shackclton, Whit- by, at Mr. J. Shackelton's. Mrs. J. W. MeMaster entertain- ed some ladies to a quilting. Mr. and Mrs. Ivan Cochrane and baby Betty Marie, Bowman- ville, and Miss Reta Flintoff, at Mr. Wes. Cameron's. Mrs. Wes. Cameron and Mr. and Mrs. Ivan Cochrane accompanied Miss Reta Flintoif to Niagama Falls. Miss Beryl Glaspel and Miss Eileen Stainton at Mr. Ross Lee's. Messrs. Al!. Ayre and Anson Balson attended the Canadian Co-operative Wool Growers ban- quet at Toronto. Mr. Nelson Fice is quite busy with bis wood-cutting outfit. Miss Florence Lander, Wolsley, Sask., is very 111 at Mr. Albert Balson's, Solina. eMrs. Arthur Moore, Enniskillen, at Mr. Frank Pascoe's. Newcastle Holstein Has High Record In Milk Production Mina Fayne Korndyke, a pure- bred Holstein-Friesian owned by J. H. Jose, Newcastle, led a class of 19 four year olds in the Record of Performance during March. Her record was made under the supervision of the Federal De- partment of Agriculture and in competition with other Holsteins throughout the Dominion. Her total production for 365 days on twice a day milking was 604 lb. fat f rom 15972 lb. milk, average test 3.78% butter fat. j kI Il WON'T BE LONG No w You'l soon be worklng on the land - if your harness is ln good condition. If not - let us repair It or replace it with new barness. We Guarantee Our Work EASTBR BARGAINS ln FINE OXFORDS and Work'Boots FOR MEN See them to-day. JOHN LENZ King Street - Bowmanville Whv write letters and send inonev orders? Order your Bray Chicks throuzh me - Personal attention. toromo)t deliverv. F. L.BYAM Tyrone, Ont. J. E. NICHOLSON Pontypool, Ont. lTe Price laq ShoOts YOU'LL look twice at the Pontiac price tag before you believe it! For the tag shouts TOP VALUE from bumper to bumper. The car's so big and beautiful - radiant with new distinc- tion and packed with top-notcb features, yet down with the lowest in price, down as nxuch as $100 compared with last yeam. Smartem looking -smartem performing - casier handling-a wonderful "roader"-and money-saving from the word "ego">! Tbat's the Pontiac story-and it means a whale of a lot to you, if you're out for ail that's new and better at a price you want to pay. See and drive the two great Pôntiacs -the 'Arrow" and the "Chieftain". Convenient terras pro- vided by the General Motors Instalment Plan. 1 ROY NICROLS Courtice Bowmanville * * S PO TAC I ALE'SDEIE S O EVEYO ER AN N Y un a s I r' PAGE FIVE Zion