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PAGE FOUR THE CANADIAN STATESMAN, BOWMANVILLE, ONTARIO THURS., FEBRUARY lSth, 1945 WE MUST PRODUCE BETTER POST-WAR POULTRY By T. A. Benson, West Hill, Ont. (Note-This is the third of a series of comments by well- known authorities, written expressly for the Weekly Press of Ontario.) Notwithstanding the really wonderful progress which has been made by our Canadian Poul- try Industry during the past 30 years due to the introduction and administration of Federal and Provincial Government Poultry Policies, and the earnest efforts made by some of our Canadian hatcherymen and our leading poultrymen, much remains still to be done if we hope to meet the Post-War world competition by which we shall inevitably be faced. Government Policies and lead- ership are necessary and good, but sur poultry industry must show initiative, stand on its own feet and do things instead of leaning on Governments entirely. It is true that in our Canadian Poultry Industry Committees we have a shining example of leading poultrymen showing strong in- itiative, led by the Poultry In- dustry Committee of Ontario. Since 1939 due to war conditions poultrymen who have risen to grasp the opportunity presented have experienced what might be described as a poultrymen's para- dise and while this cannot be ex- pected to continue after the war, Britain does and will need shell eggs in addition to dried eggs in large quantities. Due to the splendid work car- ried on by the Special Products Board, Ottawa, the prices agreed upon to be paid by the British Ministry of Food will ensure fair prices for eggs of the right quality to be shipped to Britain during 1945 at least. It was recently anounced that at least 600,000 cases of shell eggs are to be ex- ported from Canada before April 30, 1945, and that only Grade A Large and Grade A Medium eggs will be packed for export. The market poultry outlook is also good for high quality poultry meat. Recently, however, there has been far too much Grade C poultry offered for sale for which there can be no excuse. The mar- kets are not interested in this thin, unfinished, unsightly pro- duct because consumers do not vant it. So far as market poultry is con- cerned Grade A milk fed and Grade B milk fed should be the objective of all who hope to suc- ceed in marketing poultry meat really profitably. It is quite evident that we must bring about improved conditions if we hope to meet competition successfully. How shall we do this better job? It should be un- derstood that we would not ad- vocate a further expansion of our poultry industry, particularly in Ontario, but greater production of high quality eggs from the same number of birds and more high quality poultry meat. Greater efficiency must be our watch-word. The need is for more early hatched chicks to produce earlier, better grown pullets which to- gether with summer moulted yearling hens would go far in bringing about the needed im- provement in our poultry indus- try. In the improvement program must be included correct feeding of good feeds, greatly improved housing and a carefully planned sanitation program faithfully car- ried out in all details. Whether the objective is high quality eggs or poultry meat, or both, overcrowding must be avoided as must poor housing. Ample room, plenty of good feed, a continuous supply of fresh pure water with a regular supply of green feed, grit and shell or lime- stone, and good clean range, in or- der that the birds may grow and develop without any let-up to avoid stunting. We must bear in mind "Once stunted always stunt- ed." By this time the breeding birds should have been selected, and it should be remembered that the male bird is half the flock. To be successful in breeding the poultryman must know his birds, male and female, the best only being placed in the breeding pen. If there should be any doubt as to the quality of available birds for breeding purposes chicks should be purchased from a re- liable hatchery and brooded care- fully in a properly constructed brooder house and properly equipped. The ultimate goal must be a high quality with an eye appeal for it must be remembered that we eat with our eyes. It may be safe to say that in the majority of instances remodelling of farm poultry houses or new houses and some new equipment will be necessary to carry out the pro- gram efficiently. Wise, far-sighted farmers will have laid money by during the war years which if not spent in the meantime will be available to meet the need for improvements which must be made in the near future. Such money could not be more safely invested than in Vic- tory Bonds to be used only in making carefully planned im- provements which are urgently needed, or as they become needed; improvements such as new build- ings, new equipment, repairs and additions to buildings, repairing equipment and other improve- ments according to circumstances. FARM BRIEFS Because many of the insect pests in Canada are of foreign origin, the introduction of natural enemies from foreign countries is essential. This work is carried out with the co-operation of Im- perial Parasite Service, head- quarters of which have been established at the Dominion Para- site Laboratory, Belleville, Ont., for the duration of the war. DR. J. B. REYNOLDS AGAIN HEADS MILK FOUNDATION At the annual meeting of the Milk Foundation of Toronto re- cently, Dr. J. B. Reynolds was again elected to the Presidency for 1945. Other officers include J. E. Houck, Brampton, Vice Pres.; J. Lock, Toronto, Treas.; Miss M. Hucks, Toronto, nutritionist, and E. H. Clarke, Aurora, Sec'y- Manager. The foundation was conceived as a means of educating the pub- lic to the nutritional values of milk as a beverage and the funds gathered among milk producers have been used extensively in advertising campaigns. Speaking at the meeting, Dr. E. W. McHenry, of the School of Hygiene, University of Toronto, told that the Canadian Council of Nutrition had recently submit- ted a plan to the Federal Govern- ment embracing a new national school lunch program in which the values of milk were stressed. The anual cost was estimated at $9,000,000. The speaker explained that many people have mistaken ideas about fattening foods. Milk is not fattening as compared with other foods, which will be news for women since they consume far less milk than men. A group study of students in a Toronto Collegiate revealed that boys con- sumed 40 per cent more milk than girls and the most valuable work done by the Foundation was in educating school children in the matter. Finances of the Foundation were reported never in better con- dition but the financial statement was not included in the press re- lease. Three glasses of milk a day, and 4 or 5 for children were recommended as a safe daily quantity. The work of the Found- ation will have much to do with maintaining milk consumption in post-war years. al pasture could be provided. Con- versely, if such high yields were possible, only 2,600,000 acres of improved pasture would be neces- sary to provide adequate pastur- age, and the remainder of the land could be utilized for other pur- poses. From more recent observations, it seems apparent that the mix- tures of tall-growing, leafy legumes, such as a 1 f a 1 f a, red clover, and Ladino seeded with leafy grasses, such as brome grass, orchard grass,'reed canary gras%, timothy, and meadow fescue, pro- duce more pasture than the short- growing so-called pasture species, such as KentuLky blue grass, Canada blue grass, red top, and white Dutch clover, in either short or long term pastures. In areas suited to alfalfa growing, brome grass grows particularly well in mixtures with alfalfa for hay for a year or two, to be followed by a year or more of pasture. Reed canary grass has given excellent results in low-lying areas which are subject to flooding for a short period in the spring. IMPROVED APPLE PACKAGING The most outstanding improve- ment in packages for apples was the eastern crate, now widely used in parts of Canada and the United States. It stood handling and stacking much better than the hamper. The Standard apple box also had many of the good points of other packages but it required very careful packing to prevent bruising. During the past few years, the Division of Horticulture, in co- operation with several commercial firms, has attempted to develop a satisfactory smaller package. Un- der modern retail methods, a large bulk of apples was re-pack- ed into six-quart baskets from hampers and barrels, or sold by the dozen from boxes or crates. That rieant additional handling vith dtiAn l b i i A um-1 Order Fertilizers ber of different packages had been Take Delivery Now tried out with varying success, ________but as a resuit of wartime restric- Unless farmers place t h e i r tions some very promising ideas orders for fertilizers at once and had to be abandoned, and only take immediate delivery, there is two of the corrugated board type grave danger that they may not be . iving promising able to get any later on, says the possibilities. They were the haîf- Fertilizer Administrator. bushel carton, constructed of 90- While it is considered that the pound test corrugated paper available supply of fertilizers is board, and the peck-size carton sufficient to meet all require- with a waxed paper bag liner. As ments the difficulty, however, is a carrier for four-peck cartons, in connection with delivery. There a bushel carton of 65-pound test has been a tendency on the part board was used. The cartons of farmers in Eastern Canada, slipped tightly into the bushel particularly, to delay ordering the carton and made a strong neat fertilizers they need for the package. The entire assembly spring and in taking immediate could be sold as a bushel, or each delivery. The situation with re- unit could be sold as a pack or spect to railway box cars, due to 10 pounds of apples. These car- wartime conditions, is that there tons could work into a trade are not enough to meet all the which at present was not consum- abnormal demands for them. Then ing many apples, and in this way the labour shortage is now more would supplement the standard critical than ever before. Many box. plants during the winter are car- ried on principally by men from European Type Cheese farms. Should there be an early spring many of these farmers will return to their farms and the problem of shipping fertilizers Enterprising Canadian cheese will be much more difficult. experts have been experimenting Fertilizers are very important for some years in an effort to to increased production of food make specialized products com- products, still urgently needed in paring favorably with the choic- the war effort. . est Old World cheeses and the Avoiding delay in placing Canadian gourmet who has long- orders and taking immediate de- ed for the rare and tasty cheeses livery of fertilizers will help sub- of Old Europe may soon be able stantially to relieve the present to satisfy his every craving, ac- situation. All fertilizer plants cording to Philippe Hurteau writ- have a large supply of mixed ing in C-I-L Oval. fertilizers in stock available for In an article entitled "Gour- distribution now, says the Admin- met's Delight" he tells of new istrator. types of cheese now being made in Quebec which may become as PLANS FOR FARM BUILDINGS famous as renowned Oka. Cana- dian-made cheeses of European All inquiries from farmers re- types gained fitting recognition lating to farm buildings are during the two Roosevelt- dealt with by the Architect's Of- Churchill conferences at Quebec fice, Central Experimental Farm, when Gruyere, Bleu de Maska Ottawa. During the year ended (Roquefort), Richelieu, and March 31, 1944, aout 2,000 blue Gouda and Edam (Dutch) type prints and nearly 2,000 offset cheeses were served as the tra- printed sheets of building plans ditional final course of dînners in and details were mailed direct to honor of Canada's distinguished over 800 applicants. Letters from farmers concerning their building problems also received attention. a the proicaeDary Shooe In connection with this service to Ste H racine, farmers, many drawings have Que., where pro- been prepared of standard types, gress is being made towards the and these plans and information creation of domestic sources for sheets are available for general almost every kind of cheese for distribution. The information which a reasonable market exists. sheets have been designed partic- The experimental factory at Ste. ularly for the small farm. Hyacinthe has a three-fold pur- During the year under review, pose: to introduce new methods of architectural working drawings processing, to perfect them in and specifications were prepared the laboratory, and to train for buildings, such as a seed stor- technicians to promote the ex- age barn at Ste. Clothilde Sub- pansion of the industry. Station, P.Q.; two colleges for the As a result, the Benedictine Experimental Station at Kent- Monks have opened a cheese fac- ville; an addition to the Horti- tory within the shade of their cultural Building, Central Experi- monastery at St. Benoit lu Lac. mental Farm, as well as specifica- There they manufacture a Roque- tions and detailed plans for labor- fort type cheese which already is atory equipment; and several on sale throughout Canada. plans for storage buildings in A typical cheese manufacturing New Brunswick and Prince Ed- process cails for many aids from ward Island. the chemical industry. Sait is ________________ used to preserve the flavor and PASTURE YIELDS helps to preserve the cheese. CAN BE INCREASED Other chemicals help to prevent the growth of mold in the pro- Extensive pasture experiments cessed types; "Freon" refrigerant over a period of years, conducted is important in the ripening state; by the Divisiori of Forage Plants, and "Cellophane" cellulose film Dominion Experimental Farms is used for packaging. Service, indicate that pasture Production of the new types of yields may be greatly increased cheese on a much larger scale will through the use of suitable grass help to absorb the probable sur- and legume species, some of plus of dairy output after the war, which are now being used exten- aid in creating employment, and sively. For example, a hay-pas- place on Canadian tables a food ture mixture composed of timo- that is both appetizing and nu- thy,, alfalfa, red clover, alsike, us. Kentucky blue grass, red top, and wild white clover has consistently outyielded by as much as 57 per __AOT14 cent the mixture of timothy, red clover, and alsike commonly used Probably a hundred trains come for this purpose by farmers in Eastern Canada. real, every day. One of these The importance of using the recently carried men returning higher yielding mixture is easily from four or five years overseas seen when it is noted that in On- on a thirty-day Christmas léave. tario and Quebec alone there are The reunion of these men with six million acres of improved, and their families was something that around six and a half million literally tore at your heart. acres of natural pasture. If the Let's hope that there will be first mentioned mixtures were to many more such trains coming in be generally used in the improv- during this New Year, but for ed pasture, it would mean that some of us no train will ever bring in these two provinces the equiva- back the ones we wait for. If, lent of 3,400,000 acres of addition- however, we decde to be differ- ent this year we will be able to play our part in helping to cure the things that make all this necessary. The answer is not complicated. We have heard it over and over again. It's how we live-and what we do about it, that matters. Over the last 30 years we have tried nearly everything else. We L E have tried political changes and solved. Until we deal with humanE nev parties. We've written new nature drastically and thoroughly( peace pacts and any number of on a national scale, nations mustC alliances. still follow their historic road to 1 But fundamentally, as Dr. violence and destruction. The Frank Buchman, founder of the only possible alternatives are col- Oxford Group said in 1936, 'na- lapse or God control. And col- tional and world problems remain lapse is simply the selfishness of- the same because the root prob- us all put together. You and I, if lem-human nature-remains un- we are selfish are part of the dis- A Dollar Can't See Through a Telescope When it comes to a long distance venture like saving for the future, dollars alone can't see very far ahead. Left alone, dollars are lazy by nature. They just lie around in people's pockets until they are spent. But the moment a dollar is paid on a life insurance policy, it starts to work. The hundreds of millions of policyholders dollars invested in Canada today are performing a three-fold service:- 1. Tbey are setting up ßnancial protec- tion for the policyholders' old age or the future security of their families. 2. They are backing Canadian fighting men wherever our forces are in action. 3. Their investment now for future use acts, meantime, as a brake on con- sumer spending and so helps to fßght -inflation which would menace our flghting men and civilians alike. Actually life insurance dollars are among the busiest dollars in the world. Such dollars are never idle. They are always circulating for the benefit of all. It is good citizenship to own LIFE INSURANCE A Message from the Life Insurance Companies in Canada t1044X ease; just as you and I, if we are God controlled can be part of the cure." Making this work will need something more than good reso- lutions which we forget in a couple weeks. It m'eans making decisions that will last a life-time. This is subscription time. j' I f - .111 »'idy 5/ec/dl«*- wPt W R tMp92~ rtrir 8r Liquor Control Board of Ontario NOTICE to Individual Liquor Permit Holders DO NOT DESTROY your present individual Liquor Permit. Liquor Permits will be extended (not re-issued) to March 31st, 1946 on application and payment of $1.00 at any Liquor Control Board Store on and after March 19th, 1945. The decision to extend the use of the present permits will effect a substantial saving in paper and printing costs, and is in keeping with present day conservation policies. WILLIAM G. WEBSTER Chief Commissioner 1 TIJUM., FEBRIUARY 15th, 1945 THE CANADIAN STATESMAN, BOWMANVILLE, ONTARIO PAGE FOUR