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PAGE TW OTH A A I N.S A E M N O I A V L E ON A I UR D ___________________________________ I Eatabliahcd 1854 AN INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER With whlch lu Incorporated The flowmanvifle News, The Newcastle Independent, ana The Orono Newi. 91 Year's Contlnuous Service Ta The Town of flowmanvIlle and Durham County. Member Audit Bureau ef Clrculations Weekly Newspaper SUBSCRIPTON RATES $2.5 a Tm intheUnited Statma GEO.W. JMES.Editor. GIVIE CLOTHES To wAR vicirims 4e VICTe OCTe Ist to 20th ta yor ^!ý 0 or .y affici«I !s nst C Ltr Unu nj;pýnT_ Taire your contributions ta your nearest r ý- - IV Post Office or Ony officiai eto OLLECTION DEPOT. nihilation of Ihat greater Eastern Canadian port of Halifax show us very forcibly that as a nation we have not yet learned'to be careful wilh fi-e. The fact that there was so smali a loss of ile in Ihese conflagrations -on-e fatalitv in the Halifax explosions- w-as mndeed providenliab. There could quibe easilv have been many more. In spite of the efforts of fi-c prevention and fire protection officials througbout Can- ada, fire losses jumped from slightly more thian 24/2 million dollars in 1939 to over 40 million dollars in 1944. It is quite true thal the values at risk iii the latter ycar wvere far in excess of those ini 1939 but il is aiso a fact Iliat evcery effort was being put forth to conserve oui- resources for the war. In spite of those efforts, this country saw a mounting fire loss year after ycar. Now that hostilîties have ended, let us hope that Ihere wi]l not be a repelition of events foi- lowing the last great war when between 1919 and 1922 fi-e losses jumped from 25 millions 10 54 millions in property damAge abone. There seems to be a general feeing thal now that the war is over, something akin t? a Utopia will be reached. We may not exact- by attain that goal and we certainby will not if we permit hife and propertv 10 lie de- stroyed at the appaliing rate wÈich has been reacbed in recent years. It would seem that the world is waiting 10 make a fresh start in many phases of its -existence. Fire Pi-e- vention Weck this year offers an excellent opportuniîx- 10 intensify our efforts in the prevenlion of fi-c in our homes, sebools, places of business and factories. It only re- mains for us to keep in mind that we are go ing 10 be careful of fire from 110w on, re- membering that fuily 80 percent of our fires are due to careiessness and remembering, also that il is our patriotie duty 10 prevent fi-es. Truiv a War Loan Nowadays we are being jostled by prob- lexis of peace. Alrnost cverything -we rcad, ail the utterances of publie men, tends to empliasize the fact that the war is now his- tory. Yet, the Ninth Vý7ictory Loan which will be ojened 1 thie public on October 22, is definiteiy a war loan. There exist.s no magic wand one can use to waft military forces from the scenes of battie to their normal home surroundings overnighit. Unfortunately. long- after the enemly cries surrender, the cost of war goes on. It is estimated, for example. that the country of Canada mustraise a sum of about $2.5,000,000.00 during the present year to provide adequate miedical attention and hos- pitalization for the mien -who are coming back wounded and sick. Last year, mem- bers of the House of Commons were told that at that timne $750,000,000.00 would be need- ed to pay Igratuities and take care of re- establishment credits to men rcturning, from battle. Onîe year having passed since-then, the cost of that important undertaking has now reached about $900,000,000.00. In addi- tion to ail that the Canadian people must meet the cost of bringing the troops home, the maintenance of our forces of occupation in Germany. Pay of the men who are wait- ing demobilization goes on. Cheques to de- pendents keep going out until the soldier lias his discliarge paper. There are heavy domestic expenditures, made heavier by the unprecedented demands of this period of reconstruction in the coun- try, which are included in the total of the Ninth Victory Loan objective. But of this we can be sure. The major portion of the money wbich Canadians will provide for the purchase of bonds in October and November is needed to cover the cost of war. Durham Countv Ileard From In Flouse of Commons Tic editor of Tic Statesman bas neyer been bnckward lunlioosing Dur-ham Counly. Oui- cobumns have licen repiete with atonies of native sons who have made notable pinces for lhemseives in various spheres ab home and abrond and when eailed upon bo addres galb-erings bei-e and tiere aeross bbc country we have aiways sougbb 10 put in a "plug" for good old Durham, one of bbc finesb coun- tics 10 lie found anywhei-e. It is good adverb- ising and is especialiy plensing 10 bliose who 110w lîve nxvay from their original homes. We are giad 10 sec bliat Durham's Mcm- 'ber o! Parliameul, Chai-les E. Stephenson, with an inherent finir for pulting fi-st things fi-st, is cari-ying ail tic tradition aI Ottawa in the flouse of Conimons. Two press items of receut date mention Durham Counby coupied with activitied of Mi-. Steph- enson. The Ottawa Journal of Sept. 26 reports tie scene lunbbceflouse following bbc divis- ion on the Speech from the Throne. Members relax with party groups sing-ing sangs. The Frencli gong, Alouette preceded the Liberals singiug Tic Old Gr-ay Mare. The Bracken followcrs rendercd The 'More We Gel To- gether. The COF and Social Credit wcre flot mcntioned. Tic sîory gives pi-ominience ta bthe song- leaders, Hon. Doug-las Abbotl, Miniister of National Defence, pacing the Liberals and Chai-lic Stephenson, member for Durham, on bbe down-beat for bis parly. So Durham got favorable menbioîîi in anotiier phase of versatibiby. Durham County lit the headlines again in tic Mont-cal Gazette, Oct. .4, wbcn in anl editorial il cnled atbention bo Mi-. Stephen- son's nddi-ess in the flouse. It gave credit to Durham's member for poinling ont bbc jig-snw jumble in lieerIcis of the Housing Art. 'ibhis item whicb eapbui-ed li-e notice of one of Canada 's leading dailies was in type at The Statesman pror 10 mention lu the Gazette. Wiebbcr Ibis may bc considered as editorial prescience or nol, we arc con- tent blinI Durham County continues 10 gel favorable mention. Fire Prevention Week Por thue fi-st lime in six long years, Pire Pi-evenluon Week will lic observcd under pence-lime insbead of war-timc conditions. J)uring Ibat pcriod, the world bas seen the use of fi-e as a major Iveapon o! war. fItwns the endeavour o! bath sides 10 reduce the other side's ability loawae war by the de- struction by fire of bis war plants anud aI tbc samne time everv effort was made in thie bomeland la prcveiit sticb destruction. Ini bbc end, tbc Allies by reason o! vastly super- iar war materiais, wýoil ouI. But bave we ivanl the figlit against bue fi-c demionlitere aI lhomie? Recenl liolocausîs bave iudieatcd blinI e have ul. The de- strucetioan by fire of* one af the Grecal Lakes passenger boals, thue burning of a famous Mýuskok(a suinier resait, aiid tbe iear an- i Petition For Free Library Should Get Publie SumDort Bowmanville. is one of the backwnrd towns in Ontario in the malter of providing a modemn public ibi-ai-y. This was made chear ln a x'ery able addi-ess by L. W. Dipp- eh], nppcaring for the Library Board before thie Town Council aI the October session. The maller bas been brouglit up frequentiy before but neyer in gi-caler delail. It is lîkely il xviii bave ta be brouglit up many more limes before action is taken if the ex- perience of the past is b lie lakeni as a ci-l ci-ion. What is needed is bbc force of pub- lic opinion 10 back thie unpaîd efforts of a vemy small group that bas faîthfubly con- cerned ilself in the malter. There are two kinds of libraries, fi-ce and association. Bowmanville bas meandcred along wilb the latter type in a single room cnti-ely unadequate for the chef funelion which is 10 capture tlie inlerest of the youtb of the eammuniîy. A fi-e ibi-ai-y is one sustaîned ouI of gencrai taxâtion, supported by suslaining gi-anIs from the provincial goverumnent. No memnbciship fees ai-ei-e- quired.' An association ibi-ai-y is sustained by annual memberships, annual gi-anIs by Councîl, by fines and by .imiled provincial support. Provision for a ibi-aiian and new 'books depend upon these meagre funds. It's a poor setup for any eniigblencd commun- IL. The proposai of lhe Library Board is bth a new building with separale rooms he e ce cd and the change made b Ithe fi-ce systei Il was staled tbat the provincial gover, ment, in Ibis case would put up baîf ti cost of tbc building and continue statutoi grant &s indicated. Fund.s of Ithe Carneg Fouiîdalion ai-e now exbausted sa if loc action is taken the lown pays haîf the co of a ncw structure, possibly $7500 and 1hE lakes ils place among many ollier lowns no enjoying Ibis enlightened status. Il is ho] cd Council wili approve a recommendati( Ihat ils suecessor take favorable actiono the question. Secretary Ontario Federation ADDeals To C.C.F. Leader Mi-. Coldweli, CRP leader, pbaced on Har sai-d, Oct. 5, a telegram received from V. Mibburn, Secretary, Ontario Federation o Agriculture. Using bbc personal pronomn "I1 have just reccived a telegram, and brini il ta tbc attention of the Minister," ho quoted the contents which were a resolulioi ini respect of the govci-nment's proposed dis position o! a nitrate plant at Calgary. Thii matîci-, printed in the officiai debates, Li ahready causing comment. Does it meanu bai thie Ontai-io Federation bas cliosen the CCI official spokesman in pai-iament? Waý Mr-. Milbui'n authorized by bbc direclors h: lake Ibis sbept There wns nobhing bo indicate that other leaders wei-e similarhy petitioned. The prop- ci- pi-Qedure would be 10 wl-e direct ta the Minister and if necessnry send copies 10 ah] allier leaders in bbc House. But as n na- tional proposition, the malter sbauld have been laken up di-ectly by thc Dominion President, H. H. Hannnm, who had nlready made represenîntions on the issue. Local feeling ie that furtber information on Ibis 15 required and steps are being taken to gel it. The Federation cannot afford la lie pîne- cd in a false position. Former Dur-ham County President, Foi-les Heyland, made lb clear that the Federation was non-poitical anîd favored 11o anc party over another. Heuce Ihere can bc no offic- iai pai-ty spokesman in the flouse. One sure way ta wreck the organization is ta showv poitical preference. WXe kîiow some observers who have been watcbing for a de- veiopincnt o! Ibis chai-acter, knowing the leimings of some of te central officiais. Pci-petuity in office allen lcads 10 bureau- cratic conceptionus. Oui- hope i8 thiat a good explaiiation can be given. Olbcî.wise the malter is anc ta be aired aIt te annual con- vention and action taken. Funds supplied by local units nmusI not bce used ini any ai-bi- bi-ai-y manner.# Power 0f Press Revealed ln Liberated EuroDe With censorship largcly iifted and Ilion- sands of people of ilierated Europe again permitled 10 listen in on their radio sets, laIe devebopments show tic power- of tie press as lie chief medium for dispcnsing news. Daily and weekly papci- ai-e again hein- issucd under nllied contrai aiid cii-eu- lations reveai aslonisbing growth as people, long starved for news,' dig pennies from smnhi boardings ta buy papers even as tbey starve for food. Somelhing of bbc slory is bold by Albert Reid, former editor o! the Coaticook, Que., Observer, inî a letler la Clarence Charters, Managing Director, Canadian Weekly News- épapers Association. Mi-. Reid, a member af tic Canadian armed services, was assigned ta estabbisb native language papers foiiow- ing in bbc wake of advnncing aiiied troops. In Itahy lie estabiishd Ilb Mondo Libero, Prime Minister King Takes Favored SteD ln Criais The goodwili of every Canadian and in- deed of cvery responsilbe world figure goes with Prime Minister Mackenzie King, on bis present trip a.broad. For the general under- standing is that bis mission is conccrned in barge mensure with composing tbc differ- ences that have lately occurred as a lb-cnt ta world peace. The recent brcakdown of the "big thrcc" conférence was profoundiy disturbing t0 the wliole worid aîîd the tim- ng o! Mi-. Kiiig s visit 'vas taken witb bis usual prescience. That bis decision, wns timclv and wcelcomed was manifest in bis reception by Presîdent Truman and the ni- most instant eagerncss with whîciî le was met by Mr. Attlee on arrivai in Britain. Even bis greatest opponents iii concede Mr. King's great gifts as a concilintor. l is a i-oIe in xvhicb the past bas shown him supcrbly ciidow-cd. Ib is the hope that whibe nbroad lie may neutrabize the more impetu- ous approacli of Mr. Bevin. If, blrough Mr. King, Canada's voice can restore a mensure of international goodwill it will be taken as a triumph in diplomacy for the smaller nations and a universai appreciation of the ultimate dcstiny of Canada in a broadened world conception. ln mnny addresses Ibis thouglit bas been uppermost in bbe mmnd of Mi-. King. In bis present undertaking bbc view is widely beld Ibat, given a mensure of suc- cess, Mr. King xiii give up the cares of office at home and round out a great career in the nature of a world ambassador, taking an earned position bigh in international coun- cils. This may seem faneifui but if there coubd be fulfilment of such an idea few doubt IlialIlie Prime Minister would acquit bimsehf wilb distinction and with the great- est good. People at home will anxiousiy foliow bis course abroad. Ini the arduous road 10 pence the great hope is that bus mis- sion will be fruitful, impressive and basting. a weekly that attaincd phenomenal growth before he wns promoted to.Press Direcbor of ISB in Austria, issuing Oermian language papers. There lie set up a Weekly tbat grew mbt a daily wilh a circulation of 175,000 in a malter of days. Eslaliisbing another, bic turned il over 10 the Frenchi wilb a circula- tion of 75,000 allaincd ini a week. Go*ng on 10 Salsburg lie latinclîed another daily that lopped 150,000 in a few days, tben on bo Vienna, xvhere inî a modern plant witb 16 linotypes, the circulatiom leaped from 125,000 10 250,000 ini haîf a moiîtl. At the same lime the British,' French an-d Russians were also gel ing out similar publications. Mr. Reid stales Ihat circulations are cash only and receipts of 3 large re-cstablished papers now -approach the $2 million dollar mark. There xvas no0 mention of wliere the newsprint comes from but in a recent Hanl- sard il tells thal Canada is sbipping news- print 10 Europe aI the present lime. Germany Ihe Neigbborîy News broadeast of In a fooluole Mr. Reid tells of bearing in Andy Clarke. l comes over tlie air ecd Sundayr evening, largcly for thie boys i11 bbc Canadian forces. Il is announced on the programme La Voix du Canada, and bas made a big bit. People Divided On Removal Of Government Controls A recent Gallup Poli on the question o! whether present Government cont-ols sbould be removed now, continued unlil normai conditions are resumed, or continued longer Iban that, sbowed 16%o of Ihose quesîioncd wanling cont-ols laken off at once, 5451 wanting them conlinucd until wc gel liack 10 normal,' and 20%7 wanling them retaincd longer than Ihal. Wbat is parlîcularly striking is that, brcaking Ibis down mbt occupabionai groups, the Gallup Poli found thal one in five of smail business men and labour were i11 fa- vour of removing controls at once, only one in len ivere of this opinion among business executives, professionai men and white col- lai- woikers. Tiiere is. something Ibere for the pobiti- ciàns bo remember. The idea that al Ibis wartime Socialism whicb we have been hav- ing, for very good reasons, bas been popubar amongsî the mauses of people and unpopular wibb the top layers, secms 10 be wrong. Afler ail, there is a good deai bo be itnid for Ibis. Big Business can always use a Fascisl syslem. It eau handie the compli- cated foi-ms, and ive up 10 complex regula- lions. As long as the conîrols imposed by the Government stabilize conditions Big Business can make a dollar out of them. The smaîl mercliant is driven wild by al foi-ms of red lape. Depending for bis future success on an expansion of business, lie f nds Ibal expansion is made impossible by i-egu- balions. Labour finds that Government con- trois end i11 National Seieccive Service,' in a syslcm in wbich the working man bas bo lake. the job wbich the Government tells him to take. 109 Charlotte St., Peterborough Canadian Homes Survey Houses crammed end -to end in tarlo farms are simibarly handi- at Poorly planned ribbon develop.. capped, although they outdo their mentdepivehouehoder ofsun felowCanadians, two-thurds of et- lit rooms. Over a quarter of the whomn must pump water from a Mi~ homes in the cities and small well, stream or other primitive n- towns of Ontario need artifîcial source. he light in sorne room of the bouse The hot water necessary for so ýry during the daytime. On faims many household tasks is not ai- :e one wouid expect spacious sur- ways conveniently obtainable roundings to ailow sunlight in- fromn taps. More people have it in 3ai doors. Surprising, therefore, is winter when furnaces are lit. In )st the finding that 11 % of Ontario suinmer time, just over a third en farmhouses need iights on during of Ontario city people have plen- )w the day. Clustered outbuildings tiful supplies at ail times. An- added to the main building are other 42 % have it by lighting gas, ý reported as the reason. electric or coal heaters, and 19% on But in the matter of cooking must heat it in ketties or other on equipment Ontario housewives containers on top of the stove. are better off than their Canadian This inconvenient method is also sisters elsewhere. Even so there used by 69 % of small town people is stili plenty of sales opportunitY and by 80% of farmers' wives. for manufacturers of this equip In the matter of bathroom ment. Almnost one in seven city equipment this province js a lit- women, nearly haif of village tie better than average. Regular women and two-thirds of farm bathtubs are lacked by 13% loof women must still stand over hotI Ontaroct epe y6%o n- stoves burning coal, wood or ou sari owciy ol, by 66% of Sf tery my of co.n t hecook on the mers. The comparable national )f t r m a y of th e n co k on the shortage is 18, 54 and 75% . W ash stoves which are stiil relied ofl to basins, the other most common ig heat their homes. ahompeart bfun g Analyzing the findings of theirbahompceartoefun infrour out of iect homes, te "Canadian Homes" Survey bythe afive cî hesmllty oms nj five main geographic regions, and aimost a third of farm homes. S- Lever Brothers Limited have re- Showers are rare amongst the is vealed how living conditions inhoe uvydadiOnro ýS moderate and low-cost homes thom euey o edndior ntuar compare wlth each other in dif- thayiseem t ernoprpopara ýt ferent parts of Canada and withthnianoheprtfCnd. Sthe country as a whoie. The prevalence of unheaithy S "Food - clothing - and Shelter and outmoded outside toibets in 0 - te thiee basic needs of every rural areas is weii known. In humnan being-should be available cities, where crowded living con- to everyone, at a price which they ditions would tend to multiply r can afford to pay and of a stan- theii effects, a national average dard which makes for heaithy, Of 4%70Of moderate and low-cost happy, comfortable living," saicd homes are stibi dependent on these C. A. Massey, Lever President, antiquated and unsanitary things. speaking to the Kiwanis Club of More significant are the Lever Montreal today. "This has alieady regionai figures, which show that happened with food and clothing. Quebec alone has succeeded i Why has it flot happened with banishing them from hier citles, housing?" continued Mr-. Massey. Next best fis British Columbia Women researchers visite d Wt % obbowed by Ontario homes throughout Ontario and PWith1 3o%. Wýorst of ail are the the rest of Canada and interview- Prairie cies-iS %-with the ed housewives to fînd out howl Mari=ms 10% a little better, their homes meet basic househoid thoug si1 bad enough. needs in termis of Shelter-Feed- _Overcrowding, which is Can- ing-and Cleaning. They found adta's worst hcousîng headache, has that Ontario bouses are amongsî flot missed Ontario. Aggravating the poorest planned in Canada Il arew boardiers, lodgers and hired from the standpoint of gettirig help ho live in one out o! every sunshine indoors. Equal to the five city homes, every eighth vil- national average of 27% qf Cana- lage home and more than a quar- dian homes which need artificially ter of farm bouses. To add to the lighted rooms during the day, On- crush, near relatives - married tario city figures are exceeded daughters, sons, parents, grand- only by Quebec with 39 %. In parents, etc-are living with 9 % small towns (29 %) and on farms of city families, 7 % o! village (l 1 % ) Ontario figures for gîoomy 1 aiiies and 18 % of farm faniil- rooms are the worst in Canada, îes. This overcrowding is flot all and exceed the alI-Canada aver_ due to wartime shifts in popula- age by 12 and 4% respectiveîy. tion, as investigators found no AIl but 1 % of Ontario city peo- surplus o! living accommodation pie have running water laid onanywhere i Canada. in their homes. Less well off and A result of tbis congestion is to 8% worse than the national aver- be found in the number of On- age are small town homes, with taiio people who report they have 36% deficiency. Hall of ail On- (Continued on page 9) b.. * e. * e e e ~*. 4 '4 r j e("t put their trust Confederation 4 Life During the east se et-fu ears, enato after g9eaton of Candian familleshavetput their tutiiusi This trusta a this confidence lias neyer beesa inisplaced, and, as a remuit, Confederation Life Association is now one of the world's great Life Insurance institutionsi Neither wars, epidemics, nor depressions have ever disturbed the financial strength and stability of Confederation Life Association. BEFORE YOU INSURE CONSULT- Eoufederatîon ILife 4M OKEAssociationiTtOT L. Costiganeý Acting Manager ..Mme 1%1. 1 -