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'IW cAIATT7~r'r~uA? Unn#A U TW n~ h~TTD¶ AV I.AV w~~êA-- - --- .- - . t5e v *T5*i Vl -ý, UtP-A MUlt ....Jll~AmS UA Establshod 1854 with which iz incorporated The Bowmanvifl Nws,,Th. Newcastle Independent and The Orono News 95 Year4 Continuous Service 10 the Town of Bowmanvil)e andi Durham County Authorised un Second cse Mail Post Office Departm.nt, Ottawa. AN INDEPENDENT. NEWSPAPER Member Audit Bureau et Circulation Cainadia-:s Weekly Newepaer $2.50 a Y.ar, strlctly in advance $3.00 a Yeczr in the United States PublUehed by THE JAMES PUBLISHING COMPANY Bowmanville, Ontario G EO. W. JAMES, Enrroa A WORTHY APPEAL Throughout Canada there are count- Iess thousands who at oge timfe or another have had cause to give1'hanks to the Sal- vation Army. When in time of trouble there seems to be nowhere to seek aid, the' Salvation Army has corne to the rescue. The work of the Salvation Army takes sincere, compassionate men and wornen into fields often neglected by a busy com- munity. They are always ready to extend "the hand that helps" to unfortunates in every station of life. This work costs money despite the gratuitous efforts of many hundreds of persons. To get this money the Salva- tion Army is now engaged in a drive for funds which will continue until June 3rd. More than 100 social service institu- tions are maintained by the Salvation Arrny to meet the growing demands of human need. Included in these are gen- eral and maternity hospitals, homes for aged men and women, children's homes, hostels, family welf are services, emer- gency relief and missing persons' bureaus. The work also involves rehabilitation of persons who have been in j ail, and inter- vening on behalf of persons who rnight be sentenced to j ail. Bowmanville and district citizens have an opportunity of indicating in a practical manner their support of their work the Salvation Army is doing when the can- yasser calls. CANADA NEEDS CITIZENS In a regional meeting of the Canadian Federation of Mayors and Munîcipalities held recently, a resolution calling for the ; "curtailment of immigration until the Canadian unemployment crisis improves" was approved by the delegates. This about face from the "ýopert arms" Spolicy of> a few short years ago will win scant applause from thinking people, and in the anmais of municipal government there will be found few more glaring ex- amples of parochial approach to national problems. .uuring the war, Canadian lndustry proved to all concerned that it was second to none in the mass production of quality Rnerchandise, and it was the hope of al Canadians concerned in production that we would be able to hold markets opened during that exciting period. The return of other nations to pre- war production bas brought home to us more forcibly than ever, that a nation znust have a large home market, using a high percentage of goods produced, before It can hope to compete for world trade. We are therefore back where we started, a highly skilled nation with too few Canadian users of the things we wish to seli. Natural growth is not enougb. For a decade, under heavily restricted immigra- tion, almost as many people died ini Can- ada as were born, and it was the hope of many that the artificial stimulus of im- migration would provîde a home miarket of the proper balance, for the continued prosperity of our country. Now comes the first slight pinch, and mnunicipalities are trying to make their screams beard from here to Ottawa, in- stead of using their own ingenuity to make the scheme work. It should not be necessary to point out that every -wage-earner with even the smallest salary, must spend that money to live, 'and every dollar he spends for in- dustrial or agricultural products, means more work for someone. The old evil of bringing in cbeap labour does not apply in this new influx of workers, labor and management have made sure that the new Canadian receives just payment for bis work, leaving it up to the individual to decide wbether he will do as good a job as the newcorners. If he won't, be cannot justly complain about losing his job. DECENTRALIZATION 0F PRINTING There are few persons who place more importance on the role of weekly news- papers in informing and educating the general public than do the provincial leg- isiators wbo bail from points outside the big cities, comments the Midland Free Press. The average member of the Ontario Legisiature reads the weekly newspapers from bis constituency regularly and thor- ougbly. They are bis tap roots to the elec- tors and tbey are a reasonably reliable one. To no small degree, moreover, these saine newspapers carry on an aduit e u- cation programn, without chargetote province, in matters of agriculture, con- servation and other broad programns wbich are sponsored by the Provincial Govern- ment. SWhen a provincial governiment adver- tislng camapaign is conceived, however, It too often happens that these same weekly newspapers are overlooked. The fault is largely their own. They have, unlike their big city sisters and the farm journals, been content to seil them- selves solely on the basis of merit and without any organized and centralized pressure. That sort of tbing just doesn't pay off 'these days.- * Anyone who wishes to get recognition from government must present bis dlaims efficiently and regularly. Weekly newspaper publishers would be amazed at the amount of sympathy for their case among the average members of the provincial house. We were chatting over this question the other day with several MLA's from south-western Ontario and found that, witbout any urging at al from the publishers in their district, they were thinking of making an approach to the government, that is to their own Cab- inet ministers, on behaîf of a greater de- centralization of government printing. These same members were also sympath- etic toward a greater investment of gov- ernment advertising funds in the weekly newspapers of Ontario. The only thing which was impeding their sponsorship of this cause was the lack of adequate information as to just exactly wbat the weekly newspapers themselves wanted. Our elected members of paniament are just as alarmed as are the majonity from the rural constituencies of Ontario of the weekly newspaper publishers at the concentration of population and business in the large metropolitan centres. They want to do someth ing individually and collectively to hait this trend. They be- lieve that something can and sbould be done. But, unless they bave the co-oper- ation of the individuals in these non- metropolitan areas, their bands are tied. PLOWING CHAMPIONS ON TOUR The Salada Tea Company has inaug- urated a form of agricultural service which should enhance the growing tend- ency toward bigger and better farming methods in Ontario. The winners in the International Plowing Match have been taken on tour of many centres in Ontario and the bordering States, to witness mod- ern f arming methods in some of the best farms operated. The party is under the direction of A. Gordon Skinner, Agricul- tural Representative 1fo-r Haldimand County. The team is conveyed from one sec- tion to another by bus, given the best hotel accommodation available, and choos- ing as their points of înterest, public and privately operated model farms, wbere the team is given the latest ideas in progress- ive farming methods. Younger members of the agricultural community in Canada, are forging abead in improved methods ini agricultural pro- duction, and have brought honour to Can- ada in their successful competitions with. rgpresentatives of other cQuzntries. The, Salada Tea Company is performing a val- uable national service in backing these outstanding young agriculturalists in such a tour as is now in progress. REST - AN INVESTMENT Nothing could be further from the truth than to say that sleep is a loss of time. Sleep is a most important factor in our daily lîves. During sleep, the body recuperates from the day's hardships; nervous tension disappears thereby induc- ing relaxation; during sleep, the heart works at a minimum. Such complete rest increases resistance to fatigue and disease and enables a better use of ail faculties. Some aduits have died relatively young who would have enjoyed a much longer life span had they given proper attention to the importance of rest. Otllers may have failed in business or home dut- ies because of a bad temper, or because of jump nerves, because they tîred easily. Lowered resistance due to overwork and lack of sufficient sleep very often predis- poses to colds. Such troubles could well be avoided by taking more rest. The average person requires a mini- mum of 8 hours' sleep every night. For young children an average of 12 to 14 hours is suggested; for adolescents, it should be at least 9 or 10 if at ail possible. Unfortunately some people find that they cannot sleep the required number of hours because they suffer from insomnia. Among the principal causes of insomnia are anxiety, and often it is simply a mat- ter of fear of not being able to sleep. In such instances, many resort to sleeping pis, a practice which leads to complete slavery. Should one become conscious of in- somnia, or be an habituai user of sleeping pis, it will take a bit of wiil-power to regain control and learn to relax once again without artificial aids. Confidence in being able to sleep wiil return and it will become a matter of auto-suggestion. Sleep is a normal process and essential to a long active life. If you c6ntinue to be troubled with sleepless nights, consuit your physician who wiIl help you to find the underlying cause. The Bowmanville paper has had a newv car named after it. But wait a min- uite! Isn't it Mr. Hees of the Broadview riding who's the new Canadian States- man? Who, indeed, could be newer? -Toronto Star An ambiguously worded dispatch from Ottawa bas lef t the impression that Ontario now leads Quebec in the num- ber of "pensons" benefitting from family ailowances. The fact is that Ontario, the langer province, naturallv bas more "fam- ilies" in receipt of allowances: 603,847 at the end of March compared to Quebec's 507.727. But because of Quebec's larqer familles. the storv with respect to number of children is quite different: 1.356,225 ne- cipients in Quebec to 1,209,825 in *Ontario. Lak e Shore, Clarke miss X. Riches visited Mr. and Mrs! Sid Laincaster and Mrs. John Lancaster, Newtonvllle.. Mr. and Mrs. Robel-t Graham, Brown's, visited Mr. and Mrs. Robin Alldread. Congratulations to Mr. Archie Hendry on passing his second year in engineering, at, Toronto University with honours, and also on- being awarded* a 'scholarship presented' by the Association of Professional Engipeers. Dr. and Mrn. Bruce Murray and famlly, Stirling; Mrn. Garnet Rlc- kard and family, Shaw's; Mr. Archle Hendry, St. Mary's, with Mr. and Mrs. John Hendry. Messr-s. James Howie and Wmn. Stevenson of Kilwlnning, Scot- land, who were on a trip by air to Victoria, B.C., calling on friends In Canada, spent the week- end with Mr. and Mrm. John 14 Hendry. Mr. Alec Martin, Miss Cather- ine Tucker and Mr. John Tucker were guesta of Miss Joyce Martin at the Spring Formai of the Pet- erboro Normal, Friday nighit. Miss Joyce Martin spent the ~ r~4 ~ weekend at home. "~ M. Alfred Ellis, Morrish, visit- ed Mr. and Mrs. Bey. Jàynes. Mr. and Mns. Don Coulter and' family, Downsview, with Mr. and e MI;Mrs. Sam Powell. \ "s"Mr. and Mrs. Art Bedwln and family with Mr. and Mrs. H. S. Taylor, Courtice. Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Whitney, Newcastle; Messrs. Geo. Beebe and Clifford Patton, Bailieboro, with Mr. and Mrs. W. Adams. Mrs. W. Holmes attended a trousseau tea in Toronto on Sat- urday in honour of Miss Doris Jenkins, the bride-to-be of Mr. Jack Cannon, Toronto. Our XK. S. and C. Club met at the home of Mrs. Bev. Jaynes CANADA'S FIRST HUNDRED YEARS (Continued from last week) Today, wîth ten provinces and vast tracts of additional land in the Northwest Territories and the Yukon, Canada's do- minion stretches unbroken from sea to sea across some 4,000 miles, to whicb has just been added the last of the Bnitish North American colonies to come into Confeder- ation-the great Atlantic island of New- foundiand. This dominion comprises 3,600,000 square miles of land, water, forest and rock. It includes 550,000 square miles of agriculturai land, over a million square miles of forests, immensely fertile ocean and fresh water fisheries, and a rocky shield of re-glacial rock incaîhîl- ably rich in almost every form of mineraI needed for modern living. This is an area which exceeds in ex- tent the whole of the continental United States and Alaska (wbich together em- brace 3,608,787 square miles), and is only sligbtly smaller than the wbole of Europe. This vast area is criss-crossed by 42,- 352 miles of railway reacbing from coast to coast, including two of the largest trans- continental railway, steamsbîp, airline and hotel systems in the world. It bas 131,452 miles of roads. Each year prairie farms sent out enough wbeat to feed ninety-two million people. The market value of its fish in 1947 was $84 million. Its forests yieid saw miii products to the value of almost $300 million yearly, and pulp and paper products to the value of over $700 million. More gold is brought out of the Canadian Shield in twelve montbs than the Spanish took fromn Latin America in 20 years. It is the world's principal source of nickel, and the leading exporter of ai- uminum-$64 million worth in 1947. At Flin Flon, on the borders of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, $15 million worth of zinc and copper are mined and smelted each year. Recent oul discoveries in Alberta promise to make it an important source of petroieum products. But wbile Canada is still a prime producer, and especially exporter, of raw products, she bas aiso attained an aston- ishin'g measure of industrialization. In the past ten years ber manufacturing in- dustries bave more than trebled their out- put in dollar value, and doubled it in real value. Their capitalization grew fromn $77,964,000 in 1870 to $6,317,166,727 in 1943. In the same period the number of em- ployees increased from 187,942 to 1,241,068; salaries and wages from $40,851,000 to $1,, 987,292,384, gross value of products from $221,618,000 to $8,732,860,999. This growth of manufactuning,, bas changed the relation of u rban to rural population until it now stands at 54.5 per cent urban and 45.5 per cent rural. In Can- ada as a wboie, manufacturing now sur- passes agriculture as a means of liveli- hood. Even the agricuitural west bas shared in this industrialization today, one- th'ird of the people of Manitoba are en- gaged in industrial pursuits. The Second World War accelerated the pace of Canada's manufacturing pro- gress. The number of plants increased by more than 20 per cent, and older estab- lishments greatly expanded their capacity. The iron and steel industry, witb an an '- nual production of over $2.5 billion, more than doubled its output. This progress continued after the war, with a rapid con- version to peacetime production. Between 1945 and 1948, Canada invested $1.6 bil- lion in manufacturing plant and equip- ment. In 1948 alone, $600 million was spent in expanding these facilities-more than $46 for every man, wotnan and'child in Canada. In the past two vears, 200 new mantifacturing f irms of substantial size bave been establisbed. Pushing west and north from the older settled portions, Canadians bave set- No Pullorum Disease No pullorum disease was found among 78,000 pullets and turkeys tested by provincial officiais in Nova Scotia, accordîng to a recent report released by Pouitry Ser- vices. Departmnent o! Agriculture, Ottawa. tled new land, built new towns and cities, and swelled the flow of trade that bas expanded the area and population of met- ropolitan centres like Montreal, with its rougbly a million people, and Toronto, with its 700,000, placing tbem well up in the ranks of the continent's largest cities. On the western plains, wbere 70 years ago only about 25,000 people, mostly Scot- tish .and French, were to be found, tbere dwell today close to two and a haîf mil- lion. Here is the chief "melting Týt of' Canada. In Winnipeg (population 23 000) newspapers are publisbed in twenty-three languages. Edmonton (130,000), with a corporate area neanly as big as Chicago, is t he centre of a population wbere tbirty languages are spoken. British Columbia,_ on the Pacific Coast, which in 1886 had less than 100,000 people, now bas about a million, and its coastal city of Vancouver, with a population of about 300,000, bas be- corne the third Canadian city in size. Wbile 90 per cent of Canadians still Iive within 250 miles of the United States border, minerai discoveries and the agni- cultural possibilities of far-north areas are slowly sbifting the pctpulation centre, of gravîty. [n the Peace River Valley of British Columbia, over 15,000,000 acres of arable land await only railway construc- tion to be brought under intensive culti- vation. These are some of the things Canada bas accomplisbed in ber scant eighty years of growtb to nationbood. Politically she bas advanced from colonial status under tbe tbumb of Downing Street in London to a completely independent nation, owing allegiance to the King of Canada, who is also King of the United Kingdom and 'of the oCher units in the Common<vealtb, but wbo acts, so fan as Canada is concerned, soiely with the advice of bis Canadian ministers. She pays not one cent of taxes or tnibute to the Commonwealth's senior partner-tbougb she bas provided no less than $6,480,268,490 in freely-accorded aid to Britain since the beginning of the Sec- ond World War, in the form of repatnia- tion of secunities ($992 million), various gifts aggregating $1,035,290,490, boans tot- alling $1,950,000,000, mutual aid of $1,870,- 978,000, purchase of the British interest in war plants in Canada amounting to $207,- 000,000, and an amount of $425,000,000 re- presenting Britain's share in air training in Canada. The only expenditure of a fixed character involved in ber political tie is the salary of £ 10,000 a year she pays the governor-general, the King's repre- sentative in Canada, who is appointed by the British cabinet on the advice of Can- ada's government. In the course of this evolution Can- ada bas worked out a system of respon- sible parliamentary government on a fed- erai basis tbat bas proved a model for other Bnitish nations. She is gradualiy welding together the diverse ethnic strains in ber widely-scattered population, representing 46 different "nationalities", about one-third of it French, into a people baving a common loyalty and a genuine national consciousness, and in the process is evolving a national type that is rqcog- nizably dîfferent from that of either 'Great Bnitain or the United States. Two wars have aided'in promoting botb material development and this feel- ing of common citizensbip, long hampered by geographical factors and opposing sec- tional interests. Today, Canadians are more inclined than ever before to sink their differences and combine their ef- forts in the development of a common national benitage sufficient to absorb the energies of a people many times more numerous. A cdoser look at some features of tbis heritage and what has already been done with it wiil reveal more clearly its van- iety and richness. (To Be Continued't Weekly Llventock Auetions Weekly rommunity auction sales îo! farin livestock are gaining in populanity mn parts of Ontario, according to reports from the Livestock Inspection and Grad- ing Services, Department o! Agri- culture. Ottawa. Herses Ini The West Contrary to common opinion, horses stîli constitute a large pro- portion of the feed-consuming livestock in most areas of the West, according Io a recent survey made by the Economics Division, De- partment of Agriculture, Ottawa. *~ith th e ladies mending and knltting. etc., and generally en- joylng themselves. Came time for lunch and one or two were heard to whlsper somethlng about a diet that had to be forgotten about .just once in a while. This was one once. Next meeting at Mels. Ken Dean's, May 31. To seil items you don't need (others warrt them), use States- mian Classified Ads. THE SOONER YOU START mI mon You sAvE-Phoa. todov Phono 715 Bowmanville 96 King St. E. I4andy coupon payments make household budgets run imoother year 'round. SAVES MONEY, TOO - because you get the bonofits of sfbecial The SÈICPPARD & GILL Lumber Co. Limited 1 3. You get more travel for your dollar when you travel by bus Sample Fares . . . see how you Bowmanville To One Way Toronto 1.15 Kintaton 3.65 Ottawa 5.75 Montreal 7.25 For further information, please see your local agent 66 KING STREET SAVE Return 2.10 6.60 10.35 13.05 - TELEPHONE 2666 COLONIAL COACH LINES BIG BUSINESS The Statesman is the "trade journal" of the housewives, aff- ording them opportunity news in the matter o! buyîng for the home. And home-making is the biggest of ail businesses. Advertising is your servant. It helps make the most o! 'your shopping time and to cet the most for your dollar. GOVERNMENT 0F CANADA 3% BONDS dat.d June lat and Nevembar l5th, 1935 due June Est, 1955 bave b..,, cliIed for payment lune Ist, 1950 Thone bonds should b. presented promptly for, payment on or soon after June lst, 1950, because after that date they will no longer *arn $ntereut. R93W Makos Bu in Easier 3 us 10 Convonient s.p-r-e-a-d out payments. Easy terms te suit you. No worriesiCealiIs deliv. Sered in plenty of time... 0. You'recail paid up before next winter. li É J PAGE TWO TEZ CANADUN STATERMAm- iRnwvAwvffrýr- num,&wTn 9v;nTp-qnAv- VAV 21qflh- loma Phone 715 Bowmanville 96 King St. B.