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nin: controliable Y expenditure ; confined to 3 outlays ip large contract un- rtakings begun before the war, and fn most cases gre the present gov- ernment 'took hE Bubstantial increases in-the revenue in accordance with the estimate of the picture of the confu- | Fimance Minister on the presentation gnor Giovanni | of his war budget. A war expenditure well within the appropriation made by Parliament. reduction in the average &nnual debt increase, outside of the borrow- _ Véry early inthe morning, says the | ings for purposes of war. eral hours of heavy k in ah anteroom of descended into the it and 'ran into some people who, with tricolored shawls across their shoniders, were giving orders in the / mame of the committee of defense. They were trying to discipline the rev- olution. Falling into their hands, I #¥as stationed as a Sentinel at a use- 88 barricade that shut off Via Durini from the. Yerglere, The commander, Having Inspected my pistols and per having found them not murder ous enough, placed in my hands a fencing foil. Then he gave me the gountersign, "Papa Plo." A little while afterward another «chief came along, who re-enforced the post and gave me as a companion a good 6ld man who was armed with an antique lance. I told him the counter sign, and we soon became friends. A patrol appeared. "Halt!" 'cried the old man. "The countersign?' "Concordia, coraggio,® replied the eaptain of the patrol. "Truly," replied my companion, "the countersign is something else. How- ever, we are all Italians, so pass on." ey Anvils Date Back of History. The auvil was known in the earliest times, being spoken of in the Bible, the propbet Isaiah saying (chapter '47, verse 7), "So the earpenter encouraged and he that smootheth with the hammer, him that smiteth ithe anvil", It is not known who first 'used it, but of course the anvil of an- tiquity wus unlike that of today as perfected by modern workmanship, The anvil still used in the orient, how. 'ever, is a boot shaped piece of metal inserted in a section of oak or walnut The anvils used in | this' country are commonly made of cast iron faced with steel and are of parallelopiped form, with a steel cone ot beak at one end and a "handy hole" for inserting chisel or other tools at other end.--Boston Globe, r 23 * The Crimean War. "The Crimean war was in 1853-58 be- {tween Russia on ove side and Turkey, {Fyance, Great Britain and Sardinia, as 'allies, on the other side. It was called the Crimean war because it was main- 1y fought In the Crimean peninsula. It arose through the demand of Russia for a protectorate over the Greek sub- jects of the sultan and was closed and ifn issues decided by the treaty of March 30, 1856. By this treaty ff Bentopo. which had been captured, testored to Russia, Russia aban. d her elalm as to Christinos in it ail, although one Englishinan did aug to me for an explanation after 1 " the remark that '1 dreanied that [ was dead, but it was Result of Careful Financing These results have come from care- ful and at the same time courageous fingncing. No one who looks intel- ligently over the three : completed financial years of the present govern- ment has reason to entertain'a doubt as to the ability of the Dominion to weather any storm. These three years showed an average surplus of nearly thirty million dollars, a record pever equalled before in the Domin- lon. For the past six months the revenue has totalled $78,248,614.59, or an gver- oe of $12,207,252.44 a month, What t means may he better understood when it is remembered that the total fevenué for the previous fiseal year, four months of vhich were anti-bel- lum, was $138,073,481.73, the monthly averaga thus being lower than the average for the present year. Estimate Being Fulfilled By going back to the budget speoch of last February it will be seen that the estimates then given to the couu- try by the Finance Minister are being tulfilled. Mr. White stated that on the then basis of taxation, the revenue for the approaching fiscal year (the present year) would amount to $130, 000,000, or an average of $10,000,000 er month. The Dominton's program, eo stated, would require a revenue of $160,000,000. That meant the rais- ing of $30,000,000 by special. war tax. es, and an increase of 73% per sent. in the, general customs tariff. Mr. White's expectations are being realised. The heaviest revenue losses were sustained in the fal of'last year, following the outhrealkiiof. war, the period from September showing de- olines of three and four millions a month. The decline stopped in Feb- ruary with the presentation of the budget, and the revenue 'was restored to the level of the ante-bellum months of the previous year: Bimoe the bud get was introduced the revenues of | the Dominion have been as large as they would haye beet there been po war» Tie tof for the past six opths are fifteen million dollars gher than they would , have been Mghout the impositiongof war taxes, nd as the revenues are still increas: ing there is every prospect that the estimate of $20,000,000 of special war revenue will be fully reilizeq. Large Postal Increase The increase is shewa in all de- partments that are, ordinarily, reven- ue-producing. For example, ti tamp tax has produced over two mi lars, deepiie reports freely ci that it had failed. An analysis of the rewerue of the Dominion for the past: six months shows the return from the Fost Of- fice to be $7,999,779.656= against $6,725,000 last year; aa :increase of over $2,200,000, a Now as to expenditure, It must be remembered that interest charges on war loans are paid outief the ordin- ary revenue. That was one of the items which had to be provided for out of the so-called . war revenue raised by special taxation: Since the outbreak of 'war the In- terest vald by the Dominion Covern- ment out of ifs reveswes upon ad- vances made by the Imperial Govern- ment for Cenada's wars cxpeuditure Aggregates over $2,000,009. As the total war expenditure to date is over $100;000,000 the annual interest charge apon this aniouht "will Le between 'our and five. million dollars. , Next vear there will be this atoount ot ne erest to pay upon expendilure incur tod wi ded ine - rg av surplus of $39,090,187.60. total capital expenditure dur ing od was $106,888,542- 09, half of went to complete three of the costly undertakings left unfinished by the late government, as follows: National Transcontinen- * | tal Railway .$86,269,049.19 The Quebec . .. 6,9°3,236.6 Hudson Bay Railway... 10,871,624.39 rl A total of.......$58,573,810.28 Largest In Canada's History The surplus shown for this three year period was by far the largest in anada's history. It was sufficient to liquidate $89,000,000 of capital expen- | diture, leaving only $16,000,000 to be borrowed on capital account. The average yearly addition to the national debt during this period, | apart from war borrowings, was $16,235,382.16, or $48,706,146.49 for the whole three years. Comparing these increases with those recorded for the last three com- plete fiscal years of the Liberal regimo it is found that there has been a very substantial reduction. | From April 4, 1908 to March 31, | 1911, the Liberal government increas. ed the national debt by $62,081,192.19, or an average yearly increase during that period of $20,603,730.78. They 8peak For Themselves These figures speak for themselves. | They are unanswerable testimony to | the prudence and wisdom with which | the Borden government has handled | and is now hapdling the finances of the country. WOMEN WHO ARE ALWAYS TIRED May Find Help in This : Letter. Swan Creek, Mich. --* I eannot spesk 'When have that weak, lan- i guid, always tired | ! T get a bot~ { tle of Lydia E. Pink- i ham's Vegetable Compound, and it builds me up, gives me strength, and re- | A stores me to perfect | health again. It is truly a great bless- ing to women, and I cannot speak too highly of it. I take pleasure in recom- mending it to others.""--Mrs. ANNIE CAMERON, R.F.D., No. 1, Swan Creek, Michigan, | | Another Sufferer Reliéved.. | Hebron, Me.--* Before taking your | remedies I was all run down, discour- aged and had female weakness. : I took | Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Com- | pound and used the Sanative Wash, and find today that I am an entirely new | woman, ready and willing to do my | housework now, where before takin your medicine it was adread. It impress upon the minds of all g women J] meet the benefits they can derive from your medicines.' -- Mrs. CaarLEs Rows, R.F.D,, No.1, Hebron, Maine. If you want special advice write to E. Pinkham Med- icine Co., (confidential) Lynn, Mass. Your lotior un b 'be opened, alls, Byoscine" & | Beery single one of hess vegetable,' yet most of the chronic poisoning gome fro; these. The most powerful known, 'ricine Kobert,' one ff | sandth of a grain of which Wilf 1 grown man, is made entirely castor oil bean. : "On the other hand, many minerals o far from being poisonous, are nol only harmless, but soothing. BlSmu a pure mineral. Ts given In quite larg quantities even to small babied for ti purpose of allaying inflammation while fron is one of the most commoR tonics. 3 y "Soda 18 not only one of the m universal and harmless of nifneral but it is also largely used in our food Salt is a pure minerul, yet it Is no only necessary to life, but one of th greatest cleansers and preservaty known. Without it bacon and ba would be impossible and the luscio dill pickle unknown. "Of course, there are minerals that are highly poisorfous, such as mercury, arsenic and potassium in certain comsid binations, but they are neither wo deadly nor more numerous than th vegetable polsons. This also may said in favor of the mineral poison. It% is considered 'by many physicians that its action is much more certain than ts vegetable brother; rather, vegetable poisons are munch more uncertain in their action upon the human system. Hence death by overdose Is more likely to occur from a vegetable than a min-§ eral poison when taken medicinally. "Just how the public ever got the delusion that the 'purely vegetable' was a badge of harmlessness T do not know, but the fact remains that such | is the common bellel."--Washington Star. DANGER SIGNALS. rn / Red Is Used Becaute It Is ¢ : ihe Bl Red 1s the color uniye 13 a danger signal because it can} farther than any other color. Ii the color that "attracts attemtl cites curiosity and arouses to. # for as William Churchill said in & dress before .the Illuminating : neering society. J Green. the complementary of: seen almost as far as red, but the color of which nature makes use, and therefore a green less easily recognized. than cause the former may easily be. for a part of the backgrotd, hi latter always contrasts vivid the background. So green has' used for a clear or a cautiouany At night especially red is oSed danger signal, red lanterns bein; ed on torn up streets and ol red tail lights being used for cars, red lamps to indicate fire' theaters, factories and boteis recently to mark dangerous machinery, high current wires er danger spots, 8 In Mr. Churchill's address, fi by the Scientific American, the effective range of the & ored ligltts recogiized by the Ral Signal association undef weather conditions, as fol 'three to three and one-half ® lov, one to one and one-h green, two and one-half to t blue, one-balf to three-qu mile; purple, one-half to thi of a mile; funar white, tw one-half miles. . Red, no matter how dist ceases to look red. This is not any other color, though a irly approximates it. 3 Yellow ght is visible nsory stimull may as It may be optic (0x object), or tactile ihdace the state, as 'In the case bsolute silence.--St.« Louis Post: patch. ™ 8 "Undiscovered Oceans of Truth. ¢ may be justly proud of hat been schieved. but fet us not fall remember with Newton 'that 'the fist ocenn of truth' still 'lies® for the part 'undiscovered béfore re' er marked may be the progress vs feel a sense of humility ut the the. best of them 18 able to con- ite: toward the general result."-- Edward Schacfer, in-an address to Gypsies. he gypsies ave nearer to the ank than any race known to us in e. They have the lawlessness, handonment. the natsral physical in form and gesture of animals. a steplihy and wary sometbing h eyes makes them bumun.--Am Symons. GOT A SURPRISE. ~~ Expected to Be Quite Conspicuous, but Found Himself Ignored. "Say." sad the man who 'takes him- seriously, "1 had.a great surprise ust upon me when I went down to ot 'my marriage Jicense last mouth. 'hess 1 think ii over I am ready to thut it wis a disagrecable sur & into, the Lig office under gave him quy name--which seemed to me to reverberate like thunder--not a solitary clerk pulsed his. bead. And nobody laughed. when the inquisitor asked me bow 1 spelled it. 'When 1 gave the lady's name and fancied bat was , everybody tvould titter.the only sound I could bear was the turning of leaves and the muddled clicking distant typewriter; # "Why, they couldn't have treated me with more indifference if 1 had been buying marriage ficenses "twice a day for ten years. «I went into that office feeling shame ed and sensitive and sneakiog. «1 came out hurt, humiliated, btm: bled. ' "1 had expected to be ridiculed--% was absolutely ignored."--Clevel Plain Dealer. paemientt : GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Elisha Mitchell, Who Started It, Was a Martyr to His Science. 5 of a The first governtuent geological sure. vey: in America was conducted by Elisha Mitchell, who was born 'iu. Washington, Conn. fibout the year 1704. - He was & graduate of Yale and 7 became 'professor of mathematics in the University of North Carolina, Ate erward 'ha béckme professor of chem istry, and In 1821 he was ordained Presbyterian minister, As state surveyor of North Carolina e ul snr frst 10 Acer he made an extensive 'he was the the mountains of North Ca the highest east 3 a ------