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LER gece o HE statement tbat the milk- ing machipe "has now be. _ come a practical proposl- * tion can now be made with s siderable confidence. Practically all the standard makes of machines sold In this province, the cheaper ones as well as the more expensive are giving good satisfaction in the hands of a great many dairymen. But all machines are some- what complicated, and somewhat delicate of adjustment, so that to be '| successful the operator must exercise some mechanical abllity, and strict care and attention to the needs of in- dividual cows, Without these the milking machine has always proved a It can bardly be sald that il] get as much milk be machine bas Its place on the farms of dairymen who milk | more than ten cows, it being doubt- ful economy to invest so much money for a smaller herd. It may also be doubtful economy to instal the ma- chine in a berd of pure breds where much official test work, iavolving milking three or more times per day, is being done.----A. Letich, B.S.A,, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, To Prevent Bees Swarming. June is the swarming month and time of supering for {he main honey flow which begins between the 10th and the 20th of the month, depend- ing on the season and the latitude, Be sure to give supers enough lo od hand milking avoid any crowding which may cause | | the bees to become discouraged, quit work and swarm exc vely. it should be the beekeeper's alm (0 prevent swarming as much as pos sible. This is done by keeplug young queens, giving plenty of room and = | systematic examination of broods cnambers to detect colonies which are preparing to gwarm When guest {cells are found far advanced they should all be destroyed and the queen herself removed. After the colony | has been queenless one week Lhe | combs shouid again be examined aad | all cells except one removed, This {and if only one is left they will not one will provide them with a queen | swarm again, Where an improvement of stock is desired the new queen | | may be given iuslead of leaving one | queen cell. | Natural swarms should be hived on | the old stand after removing the | parent colony to one side, The I gwarms should be given the supers | trom the old colony, New swarms | work with great vigor because they | have no brood to care for during the | irst week. Colonies held together {without swarming gather more noney {than those which swarm. It 1s the 4 | beekeepers patriotic duty to reduce {the cost of boney production and thas {increase the quantity be is called w rly {produce as greatly as possible. They $ | also cauge wie beekeeper less trouble at unexpected times. 'This may be done more by swarm prevention than in any other way. Bulletin 233 (On- tario Department of Agriculture) {takes this matter up thoroughly and should be carefully studied by ail beekeepers, -- Provincial Apiarist, [ontario Agricultural College, Guelpa, an Sp -------------- . Hints For the Gardener, Thorough cultivation of the soil must be practised in the garden. The common hoe, wheel hoe and the gar den cultivator sbould be kept going immediately after each rain, The geed sown in the field should be thin. ned carefully, giving each plant (he amount of space required tor good growth, Use poison bran mash (0 kill the cut worm, which will be ac« tive at this geason. The asparagus bed should have the second appiica~ tiom of 100 ibs, per acid of nitrate 'of soda, All stocks should be cars. * {gily cut even if they cannot be used. arly celery, tomatoes and other tenaer plants shouid be set out the first 'of this mouth, While citrons, cucumbers, pumpkins and melons should be planted. A small amount of nitrate of soda around celery and tomato plants four or five days after setting out, will aid in their growth, The latter part of this month and the beginning of next, late celery, cabbage, caulifiower and kale are transplanted into the field. Sowing lof corn and beans shov'd be made every week during this month, orem Seeman To Eradicate Bad Weeds, if troubled with mustard in grain crops, spray with the 20 p.c. soludoa of iron sulpbate, (2 bs. of iron sul- phate to each gallon of water). If such spraying is to be effective it must be dome early just when the tard plants in the field are ing into Gower. od cuitwaticn followed by rape hon about the middle of June in drills about 26 inches apart at the rate of 13% pounds per ccre, pro- ride means of eradicating peren- 'thistle and twitch grass, a If there are any and. cream, by setting in ice ter, or cold well water. Sour milk and eream are frequently sent to ithe Don't forget to wash the 18, with which it is thread a needle, sew on a typewriter, and light ipe, were exhibited in the A be careful to eool both SSISICIIISIOR RASKIO AOCIRIICK \ \ IN ZEN HOR Hoek 7 ~ SII HICK KRIS Ontario. = 1 Dep a, LITTLE SAINT PIERRE THE TINY FRENCH COLONY IN NORTH AMERICA. | | Bome People In Newfoundland Wotild Like to Annex the Island After | the War, But the Frenchmen Are Loyal to Their Motherland =< It Has Always Been Famous as a Centre of Smuggling. "W\ HALL Saint Pierre, the last re- _ lic in the Northern Atlantic of the once great empire in North America held by France, be $ngexed to Newfoundland, and again become British territory? That is the question which is troubling this small French colony. Where is Saint Pierre colony? fook at the mouth of Fortune Bay, Race Sa V seé the tiny French of nt Pierre, Miquelon and elon and Langdale -- more only. called iangley -- have an areg fof 45,642 acres, and are con- nected by a €andbar. Previous to 1783 they were separate islands, di- 'vided by. a havigable channel. The {island of Saint Plerre--thd only. one of importance--has an area of 6,420 'acres. At its southern extremity 18 'the city of St. Pierre, with a popnfa- tion 'of more than five thousand in- 'habitants. Duritig the codfishing season_this is increased by fully ten pi The islands % ceded (o 'Britain, with Newfoundland, in 1713, but on the British conquest of Can- _ada they were assigned to France 8s pot. Taken by the Brit- {ish In 1778; restoréd to Frade i reco' 83; depopulated by the British 93 vered France in 18 have be md American public matter, but without visible ale were sent to France ot to 6 ese Hi is on a treeless rock four ! Li PEOPLE OF ONTARIO are accustomed to ac- cept their food much the same as they breathe the air They read isolated items about food shortage, but such a thing as this affecting their own diuner table never enters their mind, and it is the responsibility of The Observer to bring home to its readers a realization of the facts, as un- less something is done, in another year, they will not be reading about the hunger in Belgium but the hunger in The following should be memorized by every reader of Tue OBSERVER. : # Under the Presidency of Mr. J. W. Woods, a Confer- ence of all interested in food production was held in To. 8 2 routo on Monday, May 7. to grant bounties to "eep the colony allve, Two million dollars' worth of cod used to be the value of the annual catch handled at St. Plerre, and the | war may bring the total up to that figure again, The good harbor is a convenient base for fishing fleets on the Grand Bankg. In this littlé Ffench town one can | find French wines, ahd liquors, | French tobacco and cigars, French | parfumery and other French articles. There a1e no hotels, but many board- ing houses with French cooking and a friendly greeting. St. Piorre has had a Trench chapel since 1689, and now has a half dozen. This modest miles Jong and gix hundred feet above | the level of the Atlantic, and is mark- | ed by jagged cliffs and a ragged sea line, ! In this French tolony oté can see | men and womén wearing the old cos- tumes of 'he peasants back in Brit- tany, They wear wooden shoes. Oxen, Haul down your old, geography and | with sheepskins drawn over their great carved yokes, draw their | foundland and | p00 Joaded waggons sdlemnly. | | There are carts drawn by dogs just a8 Holland, exeept that the dogs are the glossy black breed from ' Newfoundland. In August, 1914, when war was declared, St. Pierre sent neafly five hundred of her sturdiest men over to France to help defend the home country. This stripped the colony of her best manhood. France, not want- ing to weaken this already weak colony, sent them back home. There was one who did not come back-- i Lieut. E. Benatre, a lawyer, but a | veteran who wore the ribbon of ths | Legion of Honor. Although he was | fifty years old and the father of ten: children, he said his country neoded officers for the army, &nd he romaln- ed to fight in the trenches. i -- SU. Kierre 13 [HO gro: gling centre on theo earth. well organized system of illfelt™ ing. Opium is smuggled to Ney and Boston, cognac is smug the Maine sea board, and whisk smuggled to Cape Breton and St. Lawrence river. The Govern of the United States, Canad Newfoundland have tried for to stamp it out, but it still bmuggling is passively acquie by St. Pierre autho' ities. A const] i not permitted there, hid presence would be a deterr the traffic. An American eonsu, ears Ago was so active ay pant in 1t that he had to be A Newfoutidland agent sent Pierre was mobbed and had for his life. A few years French customs comm ggione: burned in efigy and was for had given 'nformation to Can tha rmugglers' doings. 3 A New Telephone. Successful expériments.with phone apparatus lustalled on road car werd cerried out by a representative of tL department cf the Canadian 5 ment railways and the 0 = the device, the former in the self and the latter in the des) office in the Moncton yard, T! mission in this system of cond catiod ls made through, wh axle without the assistance: contributing medium. Reports tests declare that the comm established was in every w. factory, although thay tral motion. It is said thers ficulty in hearing d word of the messages