The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

Ontario Depart it of ture, Toronto.) ad 2 gardeners use a hoe, rake, spade, and digging 'fork in their gardens. The three last are used chiefly ring preparation of the soil in the fall during the bar- of the crop. Tha hoe, how- used almost all summer. people in buying tools simply e what is offered, never consider: that in using the heavier types d in many stores much energy 18 ont in handling these, that could used more profitably in doing garden work. Besides, it is ex- that women and children will much of the garden work this sea- 2 it is necessary to give them ments suited to their strength. these reasons it has been urg- the gardeners to buy a hos le, onion or beet hoe, '4%, inches wide. t to handle and does Bi = work, especially in around the plants in the , With it should be used the Buco" type of cultivator with the two outside tynes removed. These two tools will do better work than any of the ordinary hoes with a great deal less expenditure of strength and in shorter time. Where one has a larger garden, Bay 60x 100 feet, It will be well to invest in a wheel hoe to help out the two above-mentioned tools. With the "Buco" to make a deeper muleh af- ter a heavy rain or continuous tramp- ing over the soil, the small hoe for close weeding, the wheel hoe makes it much easier to maintain a good mulch during the dry season, thus conserving moisture and advancing plant growth --A. H. Meclennan, B.S.A., Ontario Vegetable Speclalist, emis HOT WEATHER POULTRY | OALENDAR, The hen that laid 193 eggs in 1917 made the same profit as the 123-exg hen in 1914, Z The hen that lald less {han 12 di sggs in 1917 made a smaller profit | % than in 1914. | xgn than arger , profit The hen that laid mo 123 in 1917 m than fn 1914. In view of the high price of fee can the farmer afford to keep the poor-laying k 5 in 1918? The rooster, unless kept for next year's breeding, is too expensive a luxury to keep and he'll help re fieve the moat shortage. The market for tb cull stuff pro- mises to be good sthis month and by marketing in ne the distribas | tion is more egualized | The good layer of ihe yellow- | legged breeds at th $ solor from the feet jatter becoming almost white, ie sleek plumaged, fat yellow-legged | {hens are usually very poor layers. It Iwill pay to cull the The abdominal eavity, or the space between the pelvic bones (situated under the tail) and the end of the breast or keel bones should be rela- tively soft and flexible. If it is toll of hard fat the hen is usu lly a very indifferent layer, or wk A SR As & rule {he ¥irlier maturing pul eta KTa the earlier and most profit able layers. By marking these the | best breeders may be selected. | in grading up a laying flock pure bred eggs should be purchased. From the chicks good female breeding secured. The male Way | be secured in very many cases in | Ontario, from eggs secured by e¢hil- | dren taking part In gchool fairs | Watch the school falr winners this | year. It saves work to let the hens feed themselves--a hopper may be built at bome without great expense ® f Keep hens that lay over 100 eggs & yearly and teed. them carefully; kin | gL the rooster and sell infertile GEES; | gather the eggs dally and keep in & | cool place in clean baskets; gend «the | eggs to market quickly and regu larly.-- Prof. W, R. Graham, Bummer Forage for Lambs. | Frequent change of pasture Is beneficial to, and relished by, all classes of stock and this applies with special emphasis to the case of sheep. It is true for two reasons. Sheep are subject to parasitic digeaze which may be prevented to a large extent by not pasturing on any one area for too great a length of time, In addi- tion to this they are possibly more fastidious about their food than some other farm animals. It is not prac- ~ ticable on every farm to arrange for a succession of pastures aring the grazing season. However, the same area will sustain considerable more sheep if such an arrangement is feas- ible, Rye sown early in the fail furnishes a good deal of pasture in the late fall and early spring. After the Tye is eaten off in the spring rape may be sown on this iand and will come along for pasture in June 01° July. Alfalfa and red clover are sat- istactory pasture crops and will serve until the rape is ready. An annual ire consisting of one bushel each at, oats and barley together of red clover pro- fay be sown any time early | Without a great deal of additio 'Tabor it is possible to have a succes- sion of crops ready for seedirg { throughout the entire season. The increase in health and condition of the flock will amply repay any such | outlay of time and expense.~--J. P. | Sackville, B.S.A., Ontario Agricul- Interior of Labrador. of lakes hitherto unmapped rivers equally unknown were d in the interior of Labrador thing as this affecting their own dinner table never enters their mind, and it is ths responsibility of The Observer less something is done, in another year, they will not be reading about the hunger in Belgium but the hunger in Lf PEOPLE OF ONTARIO are avonstomed to ac- cept their food niuch the same as they breathe the air They read isolated items about food shortage, but such a : 5 to bring home to its readers a realization of the facts, as un- "9 y) i 0606 SN Fort 24 Ontario. ? oh Tho following should be memiofized by every reader of ih rg Toe OBSERVER. Uh - ps Uader the Presidency of Mr. J. W. Woods, a Confer- Uh ence of all interested In food production was held in Ta. Gy ! a Ue routo on Monday, May 7. 4 : =! 5 53 NS ~ NS 5 IE PEE RRND SO aR SU BR | CAMPAIGN AGAINST | INSECT CRIMINALS Many Birds Carry on Active War- fare on VdrioUs Pests. 1 | { Little Feathered Songsters Apprexi- | mate Police Force as to Make In: | teresting Study--Pewes Acts ae Traffic Cop. | Maybe you have never thought of | the birds ss an organized police force. Maybe they have not--but, under the marvelous and mysterious chief, the Balance of Nature, they approximate a poltce force so closely. as to make uty interesting study. | You see & great number of black- birds--grackies, mostly--literally cov- ering the ground in seme particular place. There has been an outbreak of iasect criminals that the rego Jar forces were not able to quell and the reserves havé beer called out. You see a pewee, & kingbird or a great crested flycatcher sitting per- 'fhere are special policemen, watch officers and the like, for various spe- cial duties. The tvoodpecker, with the brown creeper and the nuthateh to help him once in a while, stands guard over the tree trunks while the warbler and the vireo do duty on the leaves and little libs. But most interesting of all, perhaps, | are the patrolmen of the gir, tirelessly golng thelr rounds, ffom awn to dusk and from dusk to dawn, policing every foot of "the space 'twixt the earth and the sky." At twilight, the night pao- trolman--nighthawk and whip-poor- will--go on duty. In the gray dawn they are relleved by the day patrol- men--swallow and switt, And these day patrolmen are of the greatest lmportance, not only In pro- tecting man's property, but in mak- ing living conditions to erable. If the mosquitoes, gnats and flies that swal- lows and swifts consume were per mitted to run riot, living would be increasingly a thing of pain and sor- row. It follows, then, that swift and swallow, like all good policemen, arc entitled to be kindly thought of by the people they protect. SELECTING SOWS AND BOARS Quality Has Important Bearing on High Dressing Perosntage in Breeding Animals. In choosing sows and boars for silky heir; smooth, soft folds or wrinkles: hone of tied breed dh nn has | finding information which might lead ! ing percentage. Fvidences of quality aré soft, fine, skin, frée of wize, strong, nad (dense. The general | appearance of the pig shou!d be smooth | and refined. These external signs ard : i an indication of the quality of the | meat and of the percentage of offal { when the snbma! is dressed. ae | SLANTFOODS FOR A GARDEN Commercial Fertilizer Enriches soit and Ingreaces ita Produé- tive Capacity. . Commercial fertilizer may he ussd to considerable advantage as & sup plen®nt to barnyard manure on many garden soils, The manure supplies some plantfund and humus to make | the land mellow; the cpmmerctal plantfoods then enrich the soll and In» ¢ ereaso its productive capacity. Had Hidden Wealth. : 3 For twelve years Michael Kenney, once a Brooklyn water inspector, lived . i in a small furnished room at 2780 Mor ; Tis avenue, the Bronx. He seldom spoke to anyone, and when he was aC- eldentally asphyxiated by gas the po~ { lice had no way of ascertaining | whether he had apy relatives. | It was known he owned the two< family house in which he occupled a jroo: and be was given a Qccent bur? L y . | Public Administrator Hammer went ito the Morris avenue house recently, and searched tfié room in Eope-of to relatives. In burcau drawers h found bank books representing depos its of $20,000. Under an icebox was $2,041 in bills, and hidden In. gy 4