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v Growthof SIE 'Industry in Canada Capital Invested in it More Than Doubled in a Year The silk industry of Canada, an activity the development of which belongs almost entirely to the post- war period, continues its expansion in yet more remarkable manner, says a recent Canadian Pacific Rallway bulletin. At the end of 1927 the capl- tal invested in the industry stood at $22,327,818, which was more than double the amount In 1926, §10,019, $19, due to two new plants. During the year 467 employes were added to make a total Of 2,890, and their wages ad salaries went up by $354,971 to a total of $2,339,971. The cost of ma- terials utilized in the industry rose from $3,472,966 to $4,016,631, and the gross value of production from $8,507, 153 to $9,570,917. This Is substantially the greatest production the industry has ever recorded, an almost un- broken rise featuring its progress, the railroad adds. Compared with the year 1917, there is an increase for the ten years of more than 900 per cent. in capitalization and more than 300 per cent. in the value of production. "There are in all fourteen plants engaged in the industry," the bulle: tin continues, "nine of which are lo- cated in Quebec and five in Ontario, one havirg, been added in each prov- ince in the course of last year. Que- bec's capitalization at $16,255,544 was substantially greater than that of Ontario's at $6,072,274. The general tendency toward concentration in industrial enterprises is also evident in this industry, there being three plants capitalized at more than $1, 000,000 an dfive between $50,000 and $1,000,000, while two have productions of more than $1,000,000 and four be- tween $500,000 and $1,00,0000. "The average capital investment per factory increased from $834,960 in 1926 to $1,594,844 in 1927, owing to the increase of two.in the number of plants reporting, while the average production per plant declined from 708,930 to $683,637 owing to the fact that thees two new plants were not operating during the year, There is, therefore, every indication that the production of the industry was sub- stantially augmented in 1928 and will continue to increase in 1929 as the new establishments come into fuller operation. "The silk industry furnishes another example of an industry built up and developing on extraneous raw ma- terial through which Canada is en- deavoring to achieve an independence of imported manufactures, The suc- cess the activity is accomplishing in going further to meet home consump | tion is evidenced in its increasing| production with incr ing figures of imported raw materials and declining | 8 of fabricated products, 'Between'| and 1927 there was an appreci- tine-i-the-import of silk man- ufacture and in 1928 the figures of silk fabrics imported declined by $1, 000. TI is still a long way to 21 in this direction, however, the of imported silk fabrics last iching to more than $16,000, "In spite of sterdily augmented ction, the export trade In silk loes not expand very rapid- ly, ow ly to annual increments going to m a steadily increasing domestic demand. The trade is also subject to rather violent fluctuations in accordance with the state of world markets. In 1923 the value of silk goods exported was $391,015, and in 1924 became $655,556, whereas by 1927 it had declined to $81,166. In the calendar year 1927 there was a substantial increase of from $938,928 to $128,375, but during 1928 exports of silk fabrics apparently fell away by some $4,000,000. "During 1928 the British market, which had been dull the year before, recovered markedly, whereas Aus- tralia, which quadrupled its purchases in 1927 over the previous year, bought an extremely smlal volume in 1928. Newfoundland was the first customer purchasing to a substantially greater extent than the year before. Canada has many firmly established products and there are many other countries which come spasmodically to the Do- minion to furnish thir requirements. The market situation augurs well for that time when the industry has so expanded that it can take more ex- tensive advantage of it. "While the silk industry subsisting on foreign raw material is achieving a very satisfactory development, more significance attaches at the, present time to the branch manufacturing artificial silk on rayon, which is draw- ing more extensively upon Dominion basic resources, The Canadian rayon - manufacturing Industry cah only as yet be said to be getting under way and the activity as it exists to-day is "importing unfinished products for manufacture, while the domestic de- mand is interfering with the develop: ent of the export market. In 1927 artificial silk yarns were Amported to the value of $1,781,260. Vy wastes to the value of $3,844; Alberta second with $3,608; | Saskatchewan third 45 ! Canada is the great producer of the raw material, and, according to au- thorities, half of the cellulose pulp used In the manufacture of viscose rayon is produced in Canada from Canadian spruce. World production of rayon has increased from 50,000,000 pounds In 1920 to almost 35,000,00 pounds. The United States accounts for about 100,000,000 pounds, Great Britain for about 50,00,000 pounds and Italy for about the same amount. Canada's proportion is as yet insignifi- cant. with great significance in this con- nection. Canada has two mills man. ufacturing artificial silk at the pres- ent time, another is on good authority) to establish shortly, and yet othors are projected. The Japanese Idea of Vulgarity The queer Japanese conception of vulgarity is amusingly brought out by a news item in the current issue of "Time." To a Japanese gentleman of the Old School there are two ways of aveng- ing an insult, Thesé are: "1, For an Insult-in-Ordinary, re- pair to the doorstep of your Insulter, and there publicly jump up and down, holding your breath, until your face is purple with congested blood. The insulter's neighbors will rot let him forget this : :buke in a hurry. "2. For an Insult-Extraordinary, you repair again to the Insulter's home, and standing upon the door sill, disembowel yourself with a sharp knife. This is the final retort (hara- kiri), to which there can be no reply. "Last week, a young Japanese nam- ed Furoda made up his mind that he had been extraordinarily insulted. Ja- panese of the Old School understood, sympathized. They were glad that at least one young man had the spunk to consider himself insulted by the fre- quent radical utterances of notorious Senji Yamanoto, loud-mouthed Farm- er-Labor mamber of the Imperial Diet, ex-Canadian dishwasher, publisher of The Japanese Birth Control Review. "However, although young Furoda had announced himself extraordinar- ily insulted, and although he seized ~ hara-kiri knife and rushed in a tower- ing rage to the house of his insulter, he failed to disembowel himself upon the doorstep. Instead, when Insulter Yamamoto opened his door, Insultee Furoda, violating every canon of Ja- panese etiquette, plunger the short sharp blade not into his own vitals, but into these of the astounded Farm- er Laborite, who died instanter, " 'These young people!" muttered dignified Japanese gentlemen. 'Such bad taste! Such vulgarity!"" Keeping Pace With Settle- ment Edmonton, Alberta~Pifty-six new school districts were organized in the Province of Alberta during 1928 bringing the total number of districts in the province up to 3,497. The total school enrolment is now approximate ly 160,000. Eighty.one new one room schools. and thirteen new two-room schools were built in country and vil- lage 'districts last year. A feature of the report of the De- partmént of Education fs the re- ference to the increase in the number of students enrolled for technical education. In the Institute of Tech- nology at Calgary enrolment last year reached a total of 1,745. Approxi- mately 500 new students were enroll- ed during the year for correspond. ence course. Over 1,000 more 'pupils wrote the department examinations than in any previous yea: Of all the units written in the high school grades 75.19 per cent. were passed successfully. BR I , National Wealth of Canada Ottawa, Canada.--A survey of the national wealth of Canada for tho year 1926 has juts been completed by the Canadian Government Bureau of Statistics. This survey places the aggregate wealth of the country, ex- clusive of undeveloped natural re- sources, at $26,601,482,000, equal to about $2,842 per head of population. In five years the increase in total wealth has been nearly $3,500,000,000. That agriculture {is the most im- portant factor of Canada's wealth is shown by the fact that the largest item in the total is $7,817,718,000 credited to agriculture or 29.28 per cent.' of the whole. Next comes ur- ban real property at $7,081,375,000 or 26.53 per cent. Steam railways ac- count for $2,890,000,000 or 10.88 per cent.; tangible value of the forests, $1,866,613,000 or 8.99 per cent.. Ontarlo ranks first in regard to pro vincial distribution of wealth with §9,- 130,189,000 or 34.2 per cent. of the total; Quebec second with $6,656,108, 000 or 24.9 per cent. and Saskatch- ewan third with $2,920,739,000 or 10.9 per cent. While Ontario led in absol- ute wealth the western provinces tish Columbia held first rank with "The future is, however, fraught] from tame to wild, on display. "NOW, WOULDN'T THAT GET YOUR ANGORA," WAS TABBY'S CATTY REMARK The Paris cat show at the Salle Wagram had a large showing of beautiful felines, with all sorts and conditions, Strange Idea May Prove Feasible Monacan Has Plan to Bridge English Channel; Hopes to Get $410,000,000 Capital in U.S. Paris.--A monumental scheme for solving the preblem of establishing direct communi ation between Eng- land and the Continent of Europe by the construction of two islands and a bridge connecting both with the mainland has been presented to Am- erican officials in Paris by its author, Theodore F. Butavand, State Couneil of Monaco, in charge of bridges and highways, Mr. Butavand has devoted several years to elaboration of the plan and is confident that, at least in theory, he hase overcome most of the objec- tions and engineering difficulties in- volved. Mr. Butavand hopes the Ameriean officials * will forward his plans to Washington and that American capi- tal will be attracted. The total of the project would be something like $410,000,000, he figures. This would be met by the sale of land on the is- lands. Butavand estimates that after public highways have Been constructed there will remain 10,000,000 square meters of property which would be easily saleable at 1,000 francs (about $40) a square meter. According to the engineer, two long sandbars now exist at a points sixteen kilometers off the coast at Cap Gris Nez. At low tide these embryonic islands are only six feet below water. It is proposed to fill the two bars with sand and other material, largely to be taken from the Belgian coast or Goodwin Sands, The first island, tentatively called Colbart, would be about sixteen kilo- meters long and one kilometer wide, and the other, temporarily named Varne, would be seven kilometers long and a little less than seven wide. Hotels; sacinos, de luxe summer re- sorts, bathing beaches and residential settlements would be established, thus providing considerable revenue. A bridge from France to the islands would be an engineering possibility, M. Butavand believes, It would be sixteen kilometers long, and he says the depth of the Channel is not too greato make construction practicable. The British bridge would be fourteen kilometers in length and it, too, 'is feasible, he asserts, thereby removing the necessity for a tunnel. Fishing Demands Truth in Stories' For eighteen years the National: Prize Fishing Contest conducted by "Field and Stream" 'magazine has striven to prove that all fishermen do not tell tales of questionable veracity. But each year the old story is occa- sionally heard: "You ought to have seen the one that got away." But many of the lucky men certainly come through with big catches and not only land them but also a prize for catch- ing them, "Field and Stream" therefore con- tinues in the tradition and opens the Nineteenth Annual National Prize Fishing Contest this spring, the rules afd conditions for ~ which appear in the April issue of the mazazine. The contest is open to everyone, man, wo- man or child. The period of the con- test is from April 25th, 1929 to Jan- uary 21st, 1930. The various classifications of fish for which prizes will be given to an- glers making the biggest catches of the season are; Brook trout, Brown trout, Steelhead or Rainbow trout, Muskalonge, Great Northern Pike, Wall-eyed pike, Crappie or Calico Bass, Small-mouth black bass, Strip- ed bass, Channel bass, Large.mouth black bass for three Divisions, the Northern division, Intermediate dlvi- sion and Southern division; Bluefish, Weakfish, Lake Trout, and Tarpon. em mere Gb The number of telephones in the Province of Alberta has increased from 42,854 in 1920 to 60,222 at the end of 1928. To Finance Canadian Farm- Development Ottawa, Canada--Provision for the better fix ing of farm devel t in Canada issbeing made by the new- ly organized Canadian Farm Loan Board authorized under Act of Parlia- ment of the Canadian Government. Loans up to fitty per cent. of the value of land for agricultural purposes and twenty per dent. of the value of buildings thereon may be made upon the security. of a first-mortgage on such lands by the Board for the pur- chose of farm lands, improvement and cultivation of farm lands, or for the payment of existing liabilities, Provision is made that the borrow: er, by the payment of a stipulated rate per annum on his loan will discharge both loan and interest in periods of twenty-three or thirty-two years, as desired, although he may prepary his loan if he so wishes. The rate of interest has not been definitely fixed but will probably be in the neighbor. hood of 6% per cent. On this basis the total rate paid by the borrower will be 7% per cent. on a thirty-two year loan or 81% per cent, on a twenty- three year loan, which will discharge both principa land interest. A feature of the scheme is that each borrower becomes a shareholder in the Board in company with the Dominion and Provincial Govern. ments, and will receive his share of the profits of the Boards operations. Loans will be made only to settlers furnishing ample security. Up to the present the provinces which have en- tered into the Federal Farm Loan Scheme are British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. SoA A CR Canada's life insurance companies issued in 1928, in the Dominion and elsewhere, a total net amount of paid: for business of $1,082,580,969, this amount exceeding that of 1927 by $182,473,902 ,or 20.3 per cent, The total net life insurance held by the people of Canada at the end of 1928 amounted to $6,000,000,000. An Old "Air Castle" Put to New Use with $3,660; a ibility, though. in guarded terms. The fees to be paid to Lord Dawsoo posed to cover any medical attend- ance that either doctor may be called to, give to the King or Queen during the year. But it obviously does not cover such attendance as Lord Dawson and Sir Stanley gave to the King in his {lindss and are stfil giving him. oe Bill May Total 175,000 Sir Stanely gave up his private practice to devote all his time to his royal patient; he has been in resi. dence at Craigwell House since the King went there. His private prac- tice for some years has been worth' at least £10,000 a year to him, At court it is said he will receive £15,000 for his services. Lord Dawson, who has not had to sacrifice his private practice to the same extent as Sir Stanley, will prob- ably receive £10,000. This would bring the total for physicians to abut $125, 000. Sir Hugh Rigby, who performed the operation on the King and at- tended him for some time afterwards will receive about £2,000 or $10,000. The various other doctors, Inplud- ing the X-ray specialists .the anae- thetists and blood specialists, roughly will receive from £1,000 to £500 each, There were eight of these doctors and specialists and ahout £8,000 wi'l be divided among them. The expense of medical and surgical attetnion for the King will therefore amount to not less than £35,000. But that is only part of the cost of the illness. Pharmacy Installed in Palace One of the rooms at the palace was turned into a pharmacy and put in charge of two of the most skilled dis- pensers to he had in London, who pre- pared the drugs and medicines given to the King. A similar dispensing room. has been set up at Craigwell House. The cost of the dispensing room may be £1,000 and that of the drugs another £1,000, while the fees of the dispensers will run to at least another £6 to £8 a week and each nurse will receive a substantial gift from the King when she is discharged. Craigwell House was acquired for the comparatively small sum of £25 per week. But the construction of special telephone and telegraph wires connecting Craigwell and Buckingham Palace, cost nearly £3,000. Parliament May Act It is safe to say that up to the pres- ent time the King's illness has cost him more than £45,000, and before he is fully recovered may cost him many more thousands of pounds. i Usually the sovereign and members of the royal family defray the cost of any illness they may suffer from. When the King as Prince of Wales had an attack of typhoid fever, which cost him in medical fees about £2,000, it was suggested that Parliament should make him a special grant, but the matter was not proceeded with. No royal fliness has, howéver, put the sufferer to such an immense cost as the illness of King George, and therefore Parliament will probably vote a special grant to cover at least part of the expense. Pe AEIAIY Seas Record Mineral Production Ottawa, Canada.--A new record in the value of the mineral production of Canada was made in 1928 with a total of $273,446,864, an increase of $26,090, 169 or 10.5 per cent. over 1927. The value of the gold output heads 1'the list with-a total production valued at $28,488,118 followed by nickel with $22,318,907, rection finding has been dué to the tireless work of.a number of experi in Europe and America, Among these 'are Bellini, Tosi, Blondel, Eckersley, Marconi, Franklin and others in Eu _ The first types of direction-finding receivers were combined with special antenna 'systems, consi:iing of large fixed loops and working with an ine strument that has been termed a radio: goniometer. Shielded Closed Loops More recent sytsems have been de- veloped along the line of the shielded rotating loop antenna, with special shaped fields that could readily detect a minimum field strength when ro- tated against the direction of the in- coming radio signals, In this type of apparatus the operator can get, in a few seconds, and taking into account certain necessary corrections for local faults, an accurate bearing on a trans. mitter that is a long distance away. This bearing is usually read in de- grees and can be easily compared with some known direction, as deter mined by the magnetic compass, for instance. : . These two systems are both of the ship installation variety, and have been of increasing use aboard Ameri can vessels. An Expert Opinion In Europe the rotating beacon lo- cated on shore, and sending out sig- nals is considered to be more accurate than the ship installation. According to R. L. Smith-Rose, in charge of the wireless division of the National Physical Laboratory, at Teddington; England, the rotating beacon has some considerable advantage over the other type of installation. He says: "These advantages comprise the fact that the directional part of the system is fixed in position on solid ground an dthat it can, therefore, be accurately oriented and calibrated at installation, and aso that it can be under the continuous supervision of experts. One direec- tional shore station will provide sery- ice to an almost unlimited number of ships, whereas each ship direction finder must be carefully installed and operated by experienced men. "One of the zreat advantages of the rotating beacon. system is that no ap- paratus beyond a simple wireless receiver and a chronograph is neces- sary on the ship itself; a direction finding service is thus provided for ships of all classes from the largest to the smallest. In the case of many small ships it would not be practic able to install a direction finder with any pretense to accuracy; and to the large ship already fitted with a rec. tion finding set a rotating beacon would be an additional asset In enabling further bearings to be taken either for check purposes or for posi. tion determination, Furthermore, the method of observing bearings is so simple that they can easily be deter mined by the navigator himself in any. i portion of the ship without nece y 'requiring the assistance of a wireless operator." br Other Types Still aonther type of direction' fi or beacon is the more Soot aac ment of the Bureau of Standards at Washington in connection with the navigation of aireraft; toward fixed landing rope and Fessenden, Pickard, Kolster, 7 Dunmore and many others in America, =~