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Ags SA anit sh har i r Canadian and th Americ) lor, vn dem te amon soo eCERLly Jat al % Mr. 'Hoover's journey, ti ~ time give unmistakable advantage to 'our European rivals fn South Ameri: an economic and political spheres. Canadian detail 1s most Im: OX 5¢ Furope in our home market. But "i foreign markets which have become d to permit John Bull to ride 'to his old situation. As for Bouth America, I recall one Latin American affairs who « d me that an increase of a fow «cents in the duty ":pon linseed ofl would destroy the last lingering bene- it incident to Mr, Hoover's excursion, 'at least in so far as Argentina is con- corned. 'Nothing would be more easy or more natural for than & policy of reprisal, which would ad- Joint to please the Argentin- 8, ; Moreover, what is to be looked for 18 not merely a spasmodic raising of tariffs among nations severely affect: 'od by our own action, but combined action of the American nations--to- day our most promising markets--and of the European countries which are our most active competitors. - There dre a certain number of suf- "fering farmers in our West and North. | has west. A simple remedy for their troubles may lie in the raising of duties on such things as live cattle ' and wheat. But over against this re "Hef must be set two, items: an im- 'mediate contraction 8 the Canadian 'market for American manufactures, ot trefndship? 4ncident to reprisal and the worsen. Ing of our relations with Canada, The eo situation manifestly exists in Is Canadian friendship worth keep- 10g? Are Canadian markets. of sufficl- 'ent importance to be worth retaining? 1s {t a wise policy to make an Ameri wan tariff System the foundation of pean - econo. supremacy political predominance . fn South 'America, in the sense ? These are questions 'which the present Congress must tensa BR rb se a ar . "Europe 1s 'steadily organising a supreme attempt to ver its pre- 'eminence lost to the United States rr oligice of the War. It is setting out to reduce our To ws trials and to re- ples instead, furnishes a fair sample] of presentday tariff conceptions in would encourage banana imports, and owa @ sacrificed to satisty the demands of whion | & few linseedoll producers in "the hats, : that we should put a heavy duty on solemnly: -advanced, bananas in order to encourage our f and ap. many quarters. One can easily cone celve how readily European countries in return obtain low duties for thelr xports, which would enable them to replace the United States In the matkets' of the banana-raising countries and enlist the governments of those countries in thelr campaign to recover lost Influence in Latin America. For several generations tariff dis- cussion has centered in the doctrine that the American workingman must be protected against the cheap labor now our own fariff legislation may easily become the insuperable ob- stacle to the sale of the products of the American workingman in those a vital umst in our d th well-being. Every European country which com- petes with us is watching the new Congres with divided emotions, While all will certainly protest otir action as it affects them directly, they will with. equal unanimity hall it as it restores td them their old customers .and brings back thelr lost markets. Canada to Take Part In Congress P. B. Fowler to Attend Inter- natio ber of Commerce Meeting For the first time; Canada this year will take its place among the great countries of the world at the biennial congress cf the International Cham- ber of Commerce at Amsterdam, Hol- land. As first of the men to repre- gent Canada, P. B. Fowler, president of the Victoria, B.C, Chamber of Commerce, and manager of the Can- adian Bank of Commerce in that city, been chosen. | When the congress is held, from July 8 to 16, leading business men from 48 nations will be gathered to- gether. Belonging to the international chamber are 950 business organiza- tions in addition to many business houses which have joined individually. The world-wide ofganization arose nine years ago out of the need for discussions on commercial and busl neds problems of international ime sont a special invitation man of the Canadian Chamber of Commerce, Dr. John W. Ross, saying Duty On Live Cattle Would Affect Canada Ottawa. ~The amendment, which the house of representatives at Wash- ington: has placed in the new tariff bill to & ase the duty on live cattle, it it becomes law, will have a very considerable effect on the Canadian cattleraising industry. That seemed 'to be the concensus among members of Parliament from the districts most affected and from live stock officials of the Department of Agriculture, when questioned over the weekend. The first result of the increase com- ing into, effect would be to boost the prices in the United States just that much, At the present time there is a shortage of cattle in the United States and, as & result, of the demand there, a shortage has also been created in Canada so that lve stock men here think 'the present prices in Canada would hold regardless of the duty and the United States consumers would pay the higher prices. Three or four years from now Canadian cattle raisers would more likely feel the pinch of the increase, If the tariff accomplishes the object which its framers have in view, it would en. courage United States farmers to raise more cattle and this takes from three to four years. Western members of Parliament ex- pressed the opinion that the prairie farmers have already this spring turned more to cattle raising because of the comparatively low price of wheat and the high price of beef. The increases which the -amend ment propose is larger than would ap- pear at first glance. It would raise, the tariff on the bulk of the cattle shipped by Canada' to the United States from one*and a halt cents to two and a half cents a pound. The lye cattle shipped. across the line would average perhaps under nine cents a pound at Canadian yard prices, since a considerable portion of them 'are stockers. Accordingly, the 'two and one-half cent rate would be easily equal to a twenty-five per cent, ad valorum. ; : Maximum Effect that it was felt. imperative that Can. 'ada should be represented. 3 <li o - po "The amendment has been 80 QUEEN. VISITS EXHIBITION rere drafted that the Increase will have the maximum effect on Canadian' ship- ments. As the law now stands, cattle weighing over 1,060 pounds meets a duty of two cents a pound, and under that, one and a half cents. The new: proposal would make the rate on cattle welghing over 800 pounds two and a half cents and un- der 800 pounds one and a half cents. The experts point out that of the 200,000 head of cattle which Canada shipped to the United States for the year ending March 31, 1928, and of the even greater numbers she has shipped since the bulk weighed be- tween 800 and 1,060 pounds. They would therefore have a one-cent in- crease if the new proposal comes in force. ¢ Few changes which the new bill proposes would have a greater ulti mate effect on Canada than the amendment on live cattle, When the new bill was first made public one of the bright spots from a Canadian standpoint was. the fact that live cat- tle rates were unchanged. Cattle prices ate as high as at any time since 1920, when they soared to 8 16-cent-a-pbund top In Chicago yards. Then they dropped suddenly to seven and a half cents, Last month the average top for steers in the To- ronto yards was $10.40, as compared with $10.58 for April, 1928, and $8.42 for April, 1927. Average tops for stockers was $8.83 last month, $8.72 a year ago and $6.73 in April, 1927. Canada sells' United States cattle over a year old to the value of around $12,000,000, so that the proposed in- crease in the tariff wall is one to which considerable attention will doubtless be given. On the other hand, the change in the butter rates does mot cause much reaction 'locally because of the rela- tively small amount shipped out. v | mt ---- A bishop found one of his flock lean- ing in helpless drunkenness against a wall, "Wilkins!" cried the bishop inexpressibly" shocked. "Oh, Wilkins] You in this state] I am sorry. I am sorry, I am sorry!" As the 'bishop was passing on Wilking p him- self together, and hiccoughed after him--"Bishop. Bishop." "The bishop hastened back in the hope of hearing a resolution of repentance. "Bishop, if you are really sorry, I} forgive you." "Wet to Faz South ® to Try to Win8 Fd Her Majesty Queen Mary, with Prince George and Princess Marie Louise, recently visited the silver exhibi- tion at Seaford House, Belgrave Square, Proposes Quota for Canadians Bill totroduced in U.S. House Makes Further Restric- tions Washington--A bill to make the quota restuietions of the" Immigration Act of 1924 applicable to peoples of the Western Hemisphere including Canada and Newfoundland, was intro- duced in the House of Representatives last week by Adolf J. Sabath, Demo- crat, Illinois. The bill which began by mentioning Canada and Newfound- land and thereafter mentioned Mexico, Cuba snd other countries, would per- mit wives and unmarried children under 18 years of age to follow the immigrant. The bill was referred to the immi- gration committee and will probably not be considered by the Hoaise until the next session of Congress. Representative Cabath said that im- mediate restriction on immigration from the countries mentioned in thé bill was needed because he felt that it was easier for the United States to assimilate some Europeans than it was some of the immigrants from countries of the Western Hemisphere. The suggestion that the quota pro- visions of the immigration law be made to apply to countries of the Western Hemisphere has been made from time to time by Members of Congress, The Immigration Act of 1924 placed immigration from Euro- pean countries upon a basis propor- tionate to the number of natives of those countries living in the United States ing1890. "The national origins clause since passed will go into effect July 1, unless postponed by legisla tion, It will change the date for cal- culation from 1890 to 1790, allowing greater immigration from Britain and less from Germany and Scandinavian countries. "I suppose," "sald the casual ac- quaintancs, the day after the wed- ding, "it was hard to lose your daugh- ter?" "No," replied the bride's father. "It did seem ag if it were going to be hard at one time, but she landed the fellow just as we were beginning to lose all hope." | cE ERR CL .| pilo tsmay expect a career in the tober. | Royal Canadian | procure the general enforcement of Am! | approved the Basis Commissioned pilots are of two gen- {WO denominations. eral classes--permanent and non-per-: been carried on for twenty Permanent commissioned | union will be commemorated Force, whereas | "The centre of Interest was in non-permanent pilots are appointed | United Free Church where a for limited periods of service; which ity took a stand in Thay, from time to time, bo renewed on the ground that some connection according 'to the demand for pilots. [with the state still remained in the The pay of permanent and non-per-|plan and Basis of Union, This minors manent pilots is, for all practical pur-|ity intends to form a continuing poses, the same. Church when the United Free Church The main source of supply of pros- | enters union. pective commissioned officers ia the science faculties of Canadian univer- sities and the Royal Military College. Undergraduates of these institutlons who are British subjects, single, medi- cally fit for full flylng duties, under the age of 21 years and over 18 years at the commencement of the course, and who are recommended by univer- sity or Royal Military College author: ities as likely to make efficient alr force officers, are eligible for a course of flylng training. This training (8 carried out during the summer vaca- tion period for three successive years. Candidates selected for this course are appointed as provisional pliot of- ficers in the non-permanent Royal Canadian Afr Force. They are re- quired to glve an undertaking to com- plete both their college and air force courses before they can be appointed to the Royal Canadian Alr Force, but are under no obligation to join the service after completion of training. Throughout their training these of- ficers are paid at the rate of $3 per day for the first year, $3.50 per day for the second year ,$4 per day for the third year, plus clothing, quarters, rations, medical attention and trans- portation to and from their homes. Application for the above training is made through the university or military college authorities, who have tull Information on the subject. priority in selection is given to appli- cants who belong to the Canadian Of- ficers Training Corps. ------------------ . The Color Problem Dublin Irish Times: General Hertzog has taken = bold stagd. He an- nounces that in no circumstances will his party consent to the placing ot the black popyation oh a par with the white. South Africa must re- main a white man's country, and, for that reason,. he declares,. he 1s op- posed unalterably to the suggestion that the Union should enter into fed- eration with those Northern terri: tories which, in hte nature of things always must remain "native" States. Well-meaning idealists have been try- ing to secure for the South African native complete political equality with the Europeans. General Hertzog re- fuses point blank to have anything to do with this suggestion, --p Overcrowding of London Truth (London): Two .or three vears ago London ptattcally awoke to the fact that {ts innumerable and priceless "squares" were all in dan ger of being bullt over. If a certain number of them have mow been re- scued, it is only with the voluntary consent of hte owners, not because the publly had an wre to act Io its own defence, It the six Actes Id the heart of London occupled by the old Foundling Hospital and Its gar- dens are not covered with tenement houses accommodating hundreds of families, it will be due to the genero- sity of one millionaire, not to the pow- or of any public authority to avert the lamity, though a calamity every thinking. person. knows. it would be. 1t 1s only by the creation and exercise of such power In regard to all new missioner, and the Duchess of York, were present in the Church of Scot- land Assembly when Rev, Dr. Johm White moved that the overtures come cerning the Basis of Union, having ob tained the requisite approval by Pres byterios, should be converted ints standing laws of the Church. "To-day the dreams of former gem: erations and the vision of the pres ent generation are about to be reak ized," he sald. "The chief thought of the Assembly to-day is one of deep gratitude to God, who has heise} His people in this land*into closer fellow ship." No repudiation of any valued ele: ment of Christian experience was ime volved in either Church, he declared there was no surrender of the prise ciples of the Churehes. ¥ Three Votes Against Lord Sands seconded the motion, which was carried practically unanl mously, only three votes being recorded against it. The result was recelved with prolonged cheering. In the United Free Church Assem- bly, Rev. Dr. Drummond moved for approval of the Basis of Union, saying it was the most momentous step In the history of the Church since the covenanting struggles. "It is grat fying that out of 1,440 congregations not one in ten has disapproved of unfow' on the basis and plan sud mitted," he sald. "We are not asked to enter the Church of Scotland but to enter a union into which the Church of Scotland 1s going with us, and which will absorb us both." Rev. D, M. Forrester and Rev, James Barr moved and seconded am amendment that the Church of Scot. land remained a church established by law, and that the General Assem- bly of the United Free Church could not take any further steps towards fn. corporating' union on the proposed basis. "I will not turn back" Rev. Mr. Bary dramatically declared. The motion, however, was carried by an overwhelining majority, only 39 votes being cast for the amend- ment. The decision was, received with acclamation. Both assemblies were crowded, some spectators having waited houfs to gain admission, -- Kill or Cure London Daily News and Westmin. ster (Lim.): There is not the slight est doubt that the latest Soviet de- cree regulating religious communities is designed to abolish religion at one stroke and to abolish it finally. It is the climax to a continuous campaigs of bitter hostility to the churches and of merciless persecution. Now it would seera that the Russian olig: archy has taken the nettle by the hand. But it has also taken a big risk, There is in Russia an astonish- ing religious revival, Even Moscow admits that some 15,000,000 persons now belong to one or other of the "now" religious sects. Stalin and his colleagues fear more than anything else the profound and incalculable in- kill it. But it is much easier to orgas- 1di and rebuilding that the|ize successfully a bloody revolution overcrowding of London can be check-| than to kill the religlous instincts of ed. a whole people. Stalin may yet make ee fp that discovery at the cost both of his Killing No Murder own supremacy and of the stability of Manchester Guardian (Lim.): It 2,000 Are Killed In Battle In Arabia Prohibition he will be the first to realize that le must employ means which are themselves lawful and which do not lead to a further con- tempt for the lawy And the firgl nec- . cdl essity for this object is the reform of Tribal Warfare Result of Viol police methods. In this matter, as In ation of Unwritten Law others, one crime of viol breads | yo. olen he another, and the use of UNNecessary 8 D violence by the police is. not only a In he ily af Bi Bata. $ tribog grave evil in itselt but also a direct ; Ae tly to have : Arabia, was reported cause of The lawlessness which it is y supposed to put down.' reached 2,000. It was one of the flere. ties pm - British Immgirants to the v0 USA. : i old. unwritten chief law chief visiting another ;Vhile in big Manitoba Free Press (Lib.): Taking into account the 'unrestricted immi- ration of native-born Canadians and o new European quotas, it would ap that at least 76 per cent. of the sh rants of the United States here- The Duke of York, Lord High Come fluence of religion. 'They Intend @& ~~~"