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of pity one of the men reached |ally safe. In Africa there is a pecular pick it up, but the bird escaped, | grasshopper known as the. "devil's op a few feet away. Again |flower." It is really a wolf in sheop's man reached out to help it, and |clothing. This green insect has two ain the wily bird, a hedge-sparrow, |long feelers which expand at the end . The mystifying performance {like petal "colon tinued until, suddenly, we are told land white. With its feelers extended, y Friedrich von Lucanus, writing on|it patiently sits on plants and leaves, Animal Actors" in "Deutsche Allge-| waiting for flies and butterflies. Alas meine Zeitung" (Berlin), the bird shot |for the poor insect that oxpects to sip up into the air and flew away without nectar from this flower, for iv is im- @ny sign of being hurt. The clever mediatoly caught up and 'devoured. hodgs-spartow, Herr Lucanus ex-| Another insect of a similar type is laine, had built its nest in a near-by found in the region of the Orange gi, where it was bringing up its River.- It has white wings edged with young, and as the humans unwittingly | pink, giviag it very much the appeag- foe close to it the mother bird per-| ance of a moraing-glory. Waiting for bormedl its little comedy to lead them its prey, with wings extended, it gently Jaway. When it succeeded it dropped | rocks its body t> and fro whenever an {ts masquerade and flew away. But! insect approaches, exactly like a flower the hedge-sparrow is not the only crea- |fanned ir the wind. re who acts this way when it be-| Without a doubt all of these actions Sfieves its young are in danger, we|are purely instinctive. This can best Jearn, reading on: be proven by examples of animals de- Other birds have similar tricks |prived of their parents at a very early which they use for self-preservation,|age, and reared in perfect isolation. [The bittern, when endangered, stretch | They will, nevertheless, demonstrate ®s its neck, head and body into a all of the instinctive actions which straight line, so that it looks like [they need for their own benefit. I twig or reed and thus escapes the at- tention 'of the attacker. The bark- colored goatsucker, fabled to suck ani- mal milk because it loiters near cattle in order to catch insects, does not rest on twigs ilke ordinary birds, cross. wise, but lengthwise, In this manner it appears to be part of the branch and thus escapes particular notice. When in danger tha hoopoe throws ftself flat upon the ground, spreading out its tail and wings, both banded with black and white. It thén has the eppearance of some colored bit of cloth rather than a living bird. The stone owl, or sawwhet, when frighten- »d, incessantly moves ite head up and down. Living in holes of trees, as it does, a robber at night is frightened to see two flaming balls of fire, the eyes of the owl, bob up and down, and is frightened away. - Birds of the woodpecker family act quite like the hoopoe. They not only throw them- selves flat on the ground but move their long necks in snake-like rhythm. By doing this the bird actually re- sembles a snake and so deceives its pursuer, Among the amphibia and crawling animals, we also find clever actors. In the tropics there are frogs capable of distending their stomachs into great balls, which frightens frog-eating ani- mals away. Like thie particular spe- cies of frog, there is a fish known as the swellfish, or common puffer, which lives near the coast or in rivers of warm zones. In case of danger, puff- ers blow themselves into enormous balls, rise to the surface and float on their backs. 'An enemy may snap in vain. at the prey. The sea-urchin possésses simila~ propensities, but it is particularly guarded by being covered with spines or quills. - Like the porcu- pine, the sea-urchin can entirely sur- round and proteet itself by means of the erect quills: Many animals are especially equip- ped in order to protect themslves. In 'Australia, the wonderland of animals, where egg-laying mammals are still to be found, there is a lizard called the collar lizard It has a broad collar made of skin which is brightly colored in a mosaic pattern of orange, red, blue, and brown: When at rest, the collar is close to the body, but in time of danger, the lizard rears up its col- lar like an umbrella, at the same time standing on its hind legs, This pre- sents a fearsome sight to its opponent, which usually runs away. ng the same tricks as this type of lizard 1s 'a bird 'whose habitat is South Am- erica, the so-called fan parrot. At the back of its head it has a fan-shaped arrangement made. of. long, red: feath- ers tipped with opal blue, When it is excited or angry, these feathers stand up straight, giving the bird a fright- ful appearance. The orange-speckled toad also makes use of its color for protective purposes, we learn as we read on: In time of danger it bends its neck "mand head backwards, at the same time &rossing its front feet on its back, By. joing this, the bright edpanse of days old. It is a known fact that the hawk. always strikes its prey while in flight. My bird acted exactly the same way without the least bit of in- struction. The hawk had only been fed bits of meat out of my hand. When first let loose, it struck down a gold- hammer which had escaped from. its cage. Seeing the bird in flight, imme- diately set the instinct of the hawk into play. The typical manner of se- curing its food was born in the bird, and it needed no example to teach it to act accordingly, I could give sim- ilar examples of other i. Even the technique of rat s: instino aat.-bh ve. * * Private Flying New York.--Davelooment of orivate flying clubs in the United States on a scale similar to those in England is recommended by the National Aero- nautic Association following a year's investigation of progress in- aviation in this country. Detailed plans for the formation of such organizations are set forth in the current issue of the Aeronautic Review in an article by Edward P. Warner, secretary of the National Aeronautic Association Committee and formerly Assistant Secretary of the Navy in charge of aeronautics. Persons who desire to fly may, under the club method, become part owners of an airplane for a fraction of the sum required to own one outright. The association's committee recommends that charter members of a chapter provide the cost of equipment, plus 26 per cent. reserve and $200 for general operating expense. In addition, dues for flying members would be $15 and for non-flying members $25, these fees to include membership in the associa- tion. A charge of $10 an hour 'ghould be made for the use of the club's air- planes by flying members on local flights--and a double charge for cross- country flights, to cover additional hazards, the committee says. This charge would cover the cost of gas and oil, hangar accommodations, me- chanical service, engine overhauls and minor repairs, depreciation reserve--- to allow for purchase of new airplanes after 1,600 hours of flyiag--and a small amount for miscellaneous ex- penses. The Daniel Guggenheim Fund for the Promotion of Aeromautics recently contributed $12,000 to promote the project. Harry F, Guggent. im, pregi- dent of the fund, in a letter to Senator Hiram Bingham, president of the asso- ciation, transmitting the gift, declared that he believed "the greatest single work that the National Aeronautic As- sociation can accomplish will be the furtherance of this movement." "Private club flying, which has made such great strides in England," he continued, "has been practically neg- lected im this country, although un- questionably the United States offers to 3 a drab brown to this ment than any other country." hue completely disguises the A et : The stom rust of wheat is respon: $ to farmers FORD TO HELP DEVELOP RUSSIAN INDUSTRY V. L Meshlauk of Soviet Supreme Summer Tea Rooms Many a woman with a talent for catering and fondness for country life is making a success of conducting an informal tea room. This line of work is especially well adapted to women whose summer months bring more of leisure than of income. In this class are teachers, students and various lerical workers ted with school and colleges who are comparatively free during th warm weather months: Other women, who lear a more or less shut-in ' life during the winter have found such a summer enterprise plens- urable as well as profitable. These rural restaurants spring up usually along the popular motor highways, and, having once chosen an advantage- ous location, the proprietors have only to store their belongings at Lhe end of the season and await the arrival of another summer, when they can re- sume business at the same stand. For this reason the selection of a desirable location is of the utmost importance as having once established such an en- terprise successfully, a change is often detrimental. © Tourists soon get the place at certain turn in the road and place ata certain turn in the road and will go miles rather than experiment with a new one. Not to find their anticipated rural restaurant is a dis- tinet disappointment, so a good and 'continued location is valuable busi- ness asset. DIVISION OF LABOR A women who is an authority on the subject always advises dividing such an enterprise between two; one woman undertaking the role of host- ess and cashier, at the same time keepink a watchfull eye on the service and aspect of the 'room; the other taking charge of the "back of the house," as it is prifessionally called This includes the buying of supplies, the direction of the kitchen and the supervision of all orders as they are taken to the dining room. In a smail establishment it is quite possible to hire help only for general cleaning and rough work, the two women ar- riving at a proper division of the abor. Some of the most successful of special cakes, pies and homemade candies on the village housewives, who often excell in a type of cooking that it is impossible to get from an ordin- ary domestic worker. The maker of Council, Henry Ford and 8. G. Bron, reared 8 young tree hawk, which I| Russian trader, after signing of contract whereby Ford will help establish' had acquired when it was but a few] huge motor car factory in Soviet Russia. ples may be glad to supply these items to the newly opened restaurant and the excellence of a few such specialties often spreads quickly and brings wel- come business from tourists and sum- mer visitors. An arrangement of this least in the beginning, is often well worth while. From a money- point of view, it is more advanta- geous to concentrate on quickly made bev sandwiches and salads than to spend portion to the expense and labor, which' are items that could be arranged for on a comission basis with some expert village housewife, to mutual advantage. In looking for a suitable 1 all sorts of possibilities must be fol- lowed up carefully. For instance a detached village schoolhouse has in one case been used for this purpose. Pine tops put over desks serve as ex- tains the daily menu and slates are write. their orders. The woodshed has a small gas equipment and answers las' a kitchenette. An abandoned car- riage house or barn may have wonder ful possibilities or, one room and a piazza of the village community house, or lodge, may be found for rent. SUMMER QUARTERS A mothr and daughter worked out an llent arr t by ting farmhouse on a popular motor high- way, The owners moved into sum- mer quarters on the second floor, re- taining only the kitchen downstairs. The summer tenants, prying but one rental for combined living and busi- own breakfasts and suppers over the small gas equipment in the pantry where the light refreshments they served in their informal restaurant were prepared. The main meal of the day they took with the farmer's fam- ily. The question of service and sup- plies was reduced to the minimum, The charming little room and adjoin- ing' piazza was open only for business from 1 to 8 p. m. Supplies included plenty of salad material, fresh eggs, cold chicken, cold boiled potatoes ready for reheating, smoked beef, sar- dines and other dishes suited to quick preparation and easy serving. FOOD WHICH CAN BE KEPT A quaint establishment on the Mane coast followed a similar plan of after- noon serving, the hours being from 4 to 7 p. nu. It is the objective point of walking and motoring Parties and is also convenient to a trolley line, An kind reduces kitchen work, and, at tl a wasp to a crow, and mercy upon] any individual who dares investigate his nest while he is around! = - A flaming patch of red and yellow columbine in my garden is a favor- ite humming-bird haunt each summer. Usually there is one pair which takes, or attempts to sole possession, 'While the columbine is a flower, there is scarcely a time during the daylight hours when our little ruby-throat or his gray throated mate is not hos come from the left, he the lilac at the other end, Not a tres- passer misses his sharp eyes. Time and again during the day, I hear a volley of fiery, sputtering twitters in the direction of the garden. Some alien summer has dared appear. There is a clash of wings and Each little bundle of nerves dashes savagely at the other. Zip! Zip! They soar higher and higher, parrying and scarcely follow them, until they finally fade out of sight. Then in a twinklin, they are back again. Usually my self- appointed guardian of the columbine, because of the priority of the position, is victor, A bumble bee irritates him exceed- ingly, He will dash at ome with a fury which would surely send the needle-pointed bill through the intru- der if the latter's smaller size did not aid him in slipping provokingly to one side. - Sometimes Mr, Bee does some sparring of his own and then a jolly little battle takes place. Ruby- throat ti ds in driving off his own kind, but he can rarely oust a bumblebee opponent. Brilliant little duelists though they are, the ruby-throats are the victims of many a strange and untimely death: I have known 'of one dashing its life out against a!mirror or a window- pane, probably in a fit of anger at the opposing reflection. Last year, I heard of a California lady who saw a big bass leay up from a pool and swollow a humming-bird skimming close to the water. My brave little warrior, too, came to a tragic end. It was laté Augist. © The ruby- throats had long since transferred their attentions to the delphinium, the petunias, the salvia, and other favori- tes, One morning, stooping over the gladiolus bed, I found my tiny friend hanging strangled to death in the sharp cleft between two sheathing, sharp-edged gladiolus leaves, Whe- ther he had dropped to low while snatching insects from the or whether he had fallen from some fiery battle above, I. don't know: I lifted the brilliantly burnished little ot the pao Sauity Chars fn te idst of the on, the of a valiant encounter, prize _dolighnuts and femon meringue a greater opportunity for its deyelop- awtiing-covered platform increases the ee jE 'ot "digel mence now may lesd to poor digestion in later years. Regular should be part of the daily sched should be encouraged to eat slowly and masticate well, but not to play Learning to eat everything il £8 ie Balanced = Menus--In to like wholesome tony. This does w foods but sim- nus from day to that are 'whole- " % : £1 day with the foods is, they should look appetizing and that the atmosphere at table be cheerful and happy. ok (0) To prevent and overcome Us likes. Prevention means developing a taste for bland flavors; enforcing striotly the rule of no eating between meals; avoiding all suggestions about as indirect methods are much more effective, There are a few children who cannot eat certain food without having digestive disturbances or hives, these cases are quite rare, Wholesome foods are those which have been found to agree with thou- sands of children, hence when disturb- ances do occur there may be other causes; for example: (1) Unwholesome food, or perhaps lcandy, which has been eaten without the mother's knowledge. (2) Overeating due to excitement or highly-seasoned food. (3) Hating food too close to bath or bedtime. An hour should elapse after a supper of solid food, before the child has a bath or is put to bed. Children who eat a heavy supper are often restless sleepers. The heaviest meal should always ba at noon, 3 (4) Improperly-cooked food, such as a half-cooked potato or an egg cooked in fat. e ; (4) To supply the daily needs of the body. In order to nourish the child and male bim grow, each cell needs certain s of material. Bal ancing' menus means supplylug each day for the body all that it needs.in the necessary quantity. 4. Well-Cooked Food.--A good cook, in the eye of modern science, is not one who can make the best combina- tion of seasonings, but the one who knows how to preserve best the nat- ural flavors of foods and make them most digestible and wholesome, It l& not only through the serving .of scorched, watery and tasteless 'food that many dislikes for wholesome food have heen formed, but through such things as careless washing, over- cooking, under-cooking and improper seasoning. Dislikes are too import- ant to be neglected, for they may eventually lead to undernourishment and serious aliments. Heuce, care in cooking and preparing food for chil- dren may save thousands of dollars, and thousands of pains and discom- forts in Iater life. = atl od 5. R Amount li 1 of Food~--The food required for ea child will vary with the age, sex, ac- tivity and climate in which he lives. time for bowel uotmants] = some. -(b) To make meals as interest: | ing and attractive as posaible, that adult dislikes and not forcing foods 9, Good Eating Habits.--Ohildren [the witer % 3 Dy b To overcome these difficulties a new and Interesting method, a ' combina pump, has been devised and is in suo- cessful operation in California, "The dredge 1s being: the Middle Fork of the Feather River, bar has been worked by ploneer min- ors in the early days, and in later years by various prospestors, The . gravel has been worked as far out {nto the stream as it was possible for men to wade. Below the bar is a large basin, about 1,000 feet in le Taming from 100. to 800 fou i ls. wl 'has se a quantity of gold-bearing gravel and sand. hi ; "Machinery necessary for the dredging operation 1s mounted on's'" wooden hull. A six-inch gravel pump gine. Attached to' the suction of the pump is a flexible rubber Jose: hing from a short swinging stiffleg derrick onthe bow of the hull. To operate the suction hose, a diver using a plete diving apparatus is required. He: is able to work at any point from near the surface to a depth of thirty or forty feet. The ice-cold water neces. sitates the use of diver's mittens, but otherwise no special equipment Is necessary. "The diver, after being dressed in his heavy rubber suit, steel helmet, fead belt, steelshod shoes, and water tight mittens, climbs down a ladder on the bow of the hull, and, grasping the end of the rubber suction hose, moves it about in the crevices of the bed: rock and between the loose rocks dis. tributed over the bottom of the river bed. In places where the gravel fs covered with stones, it has been found = advantageous to first clear out a part | of the larger rocks. This is done by means of a steel wire. The diver at taches the wire to a large rock, sig- nals the, engineer to pull away and the rock is dragged out of the way. When a great many rocks are ons counters that are just oversize for the pump, a net lussed. The net is dragged into position near the spot which' the diver desires to clean out, and, when filled by the diver, it is dragged back out of the way and dumped. "The gravel pump discharges into a long sluice box provided with steel hod wooden trap riffies, between the bars of which quicksilver is placed to amalgamate the gold. "Operation of the dredge is practio- ally continuous during daytime, The diver stays down about two hours at a time, and then comes up for a short rest Three men are needed ta operate the drédge: the diver, his as- sistant, who tends the signal liffe and air compressor, and an engineer 'to' watch the pump and engine, While' i: the dredge is working, it Is: kept pointed up-stream by means of moor ing lines, so that the discharge from the gold-saving sluice is down-stream back of the diver, thereby permitting him to work always in clear water 'and to:be able to see what he has to do. Owing to the shallow depth =X at which he ordinarily works, no seri ous after-effects are experienced. The cold water causes the greatest incon. '| venience, 'but this 1s overcome by the : contiguous activity necessitated in 'the puction ho tion of a diver and a centrifugal . operated '18 [1 1s driven' by 'a four-cylinder gas én =~