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of 3,000 in North Those eight Pogt a and sturdy steeds, Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Com- et, Cupid, Donner and Blitzen, Ww! furnished Santa's motive power on his annual world tour, had better look to their travel Jaurels. So thinks a New York Sun writer, who tells us how 3,000 Alaska reindeer are being moved on foot to morthern Canada. These sturdy beasts, providers of food, clothing, ahd transportation, who are almost the sine qua non of lite in the Far North, have been bought by the Canadian Government from the Lomen brothers, owners of huge herds of reindeer in Alaska, The movement, says The Sun, "is unique in the annals of the North. The reindeer are being moved for the purpose of forming the nucleus of reindeer herds In the Arctto and sub- Arctic regions of Canada. Heavy in- roads made on the wild life of that part of the Dominion by the introdue- tion of high-powered firearms and modern hunting methods among the natives make the establishment of domestic reindeer herds necessary." The reindeer finds its own food, dig- ging through the snow in winter for the succulent lichens, or reindeer moss, we are reminded by W. BE. Play- fair in the Boston Evening Transcript. In further praise of the camel of the Arctic; 3 . It provides meat, milk, clothing from its pelt, even transportation, It waxes fat, and multiplies in a wilder: ness of snow and ice. Its cousin, the wild caribou, once numbered in le- gions in Arctic America, has dwindl- ed since the Introduction of high- powered rifles, and taken to safer haunts in the interior. Without the reindeer the Eskimos live precarious- Jy by fishing and trapping fox, tigh- tening their belts often when the Juck is poor. It was this situation {hat led the United States in 1892 to introduce the first reindeer into Alaska, On the Siberian side of the Bering Straits the natives were living in milk and honey. They had reindeer herds. On the Alaska side the natives were in want. They had none. Between the years 1892 and 1902, 1,280 reindeer were im- ported from Siberia, and from that auclens there has heen developed an industry now valued at more than $20,000,000. By 1922 the herd had increased to 200,000; by 1929, to 750,000. In the meantime 200,000 had been slaughter- ed for meat. Of the total, more than iwo-thirds are owned by natives, in accordance with the policy of the Gov- ernment, Cold-storage facilities have been developed; reindeer steak may Pe purchased at times on the Boston market; Alaska reindeer pemmican is on sale at our sporting-goods shops. When the Canadian Government turned its attention to reindeer, it found ready at hand two men emin- ently fitted to cope with the problem. They are A. B. Porsild, botanist and biologist of the Northwest Territories and Yukon branch of the Department of the Interiod,' aad lis brother, Robert T. Pofsild, They had lived many years north of the Artic Civele, and could speak the Hekimoidalects. Together .they. made the preliminary etudfes of the ' field, hr Aldskd, * the Mackenzie Delta, and in the vicinity of Great Bear Lake. They have divided responsibility for the actual transfer of the herd. A. E. Porsild made an airplane reconnaissance of the route of the trek, in addition to the journey previously taken, aided in ihe selection of the animals at the fall round-up of the Buckland Valley, Alaska, herd, and is accompanying the drive to the point where summer quarters are to be selected. Ad the beed Is to be the basis of "anada"s reindeer population of the future, the largest and most vigorous animals were selected when the Lom- en deer were rounded up at Eleph- ant Point. Reindeer vary consider ably in size because of climatic and ether conditions. _ Those of the Se- ward peninsula dress about 150 pounds on the average. Farther north at Point Barrow the average weight of a dressed carcass is 100 pounds; while a herd 200 miles east of Point Barrow showed an average of only seventy- five pounds. Crossing with the wild earibou results in a larger and super- Jor animal, but there is a tendency on the part of the reindeer to run away and join herds of their undomesticat- od relatives, * The Northland is Topsy-Turvey- Rand, it would seem from this account. For example, the winter is considered $he best time for travel. Why? We soon learn: Then the tundra is frozen hard and snow-covered, permitting sled travel. Jn summer pack-dogs or deer must re- place the sled, frequent marshes make going hard, and multitudes of files make life a burden. To man the Arctic is a desert of snow in winter, Soke: Is it because you object to But the reindeer knows better. Hist? : sharp hoofs uncover the reindeer| "Not at all, If I objected to it he'd | WOSs, smoke." The route finally chosen follows the Noatak River valley to the Arctic wa- fershed, and down the Colville River fo the Arctic, Then it skirts the lie to the Mackenzie River. offisin in time for the fawning up next fall en rotor the. drive airplane patrol. the vernment | ous pre Be Go sald that at oe scres por bead All next sumer the deer. "in the basin, and at the will resume the , The trek from Jairie basin ckenzle, and over miles ne delta range, it 1 be we there is pasture for 250,000 reindeer in the coastal area i e Alaskan- Yukon boundary to the The side of Franklin Bay. Speakmg of the 15 000 square miles of avallable pastufe land which'they estimated in this re- glon, the report sald: "The eoastal tundra is of somewhat different type from the Alaska thndra. It 1s not quite so rich in succulent grasses and sedges, but this deficl- ency is generously compensated for by the texture »f the turf which is rather hard and firm, and not so sus- ceptible to damage by trampling of herds. The hinterland, near the edge of the forest, on which the reindeer depnd for winter pasture, is excep- tionally rich in reindeer moss." . I. Junior Finance A youthful depositor of one of New York's large banks recently appeared at the teller's window with a slip to withdraw 26 cents, which he said was for car fare home. It was explained to him that no transactions were made in amounts of less than one dollar. However, he had not a cent in his pocket, and necessity again was the mother of invention, Returning to the window in a few miputes he presented a slip to with- draw $1.25, which of courfe was given him, Thereupon, he immediate ly redeposited $1 of the withdrawal and proceeded on his way, We can match this yarn from New York with ene from Toronto. A twelve-year student at Upper Canada College receive! $60 from his father for Christmas, which he put in his bank account near the school, The sum was to last him until Easter but about two weeks after Christmas he found that he had only $2.13 left, He took this sum and went down to the corner of King and Yonge Street, en- tered the main Toronto office of the Royal Bank of Canada and asked to see the manager. He was ushered in- to the manager's office and announced that he wished to deposit his $2.13 at that branch. He explained that he wanted to get bis bank account as far away as possible from the school. It was too easy to go over to the bank on the corner near the school.--Finan- cial Post, bureaus Mining's Contribution The mining industry keeps on add- ing cylinders. Statistics show that the $100,000,000 increase in the coun- i try's trade with the United States was largely the result of increased min- ing activitly, resulting in the export of greater quantities of coppar, nickel, gold and silver during the past year, It is cheering to look ahead and see the possibilities of addin: still fur ther to mineral production. Anyone even superficlally acquainted with mining knows that there are big de- posits of metals in the various prov- inces which are being exploited and which will, within the next year or two, begin to make their economic in- fluence felt. When the Frood, the Flin Flon, the Sherritt Gorden and the other hase metal properties add to the already large contribution made by the mines, Canada will be- gin to stand out as a country rich in mineral resources, The potential wealth concealed under the drift of the Precambrian intrigues ihe im- agination, whilst great deposits al- ready found and partially exploited contribute importantly to the coun- try's foreign trade. | Canada's mineral harvest is one of the national assets which keep the country solvent.--Northern Miner, 2 A Common Cause Men will not he content to live every man for himself, nor to die ever man for himself. In work, in art, in study, in trade--Iin all life, in- deed, the children of God! called by a Saviour's voice, will wish to live in the common cause, They will live the common wealth--this is the mod- ern phrase. They will bear each others's burdens--this is the phrase of Paul, They will live in the life of love. And it will prove true as it was promised that all things are added to the community which thus seek the Kingdom of God and His Righteous- nese --Edward Everett Hale. . "I notice that your husband doesn't RELIGION Men will wrangle for religion, write tor it, fight for it, die for it, anything but--Ilive for it.--Colton. A GOOD MAN There can be no evil befall a good man, whether he be alive or dead.-- Socrates. rns mmr. *"Race-horses feel the cold more acutely than other Sasstor | we Still, there are always gener- of the public eager fo | great north is an event. 'Bays a "Peace River" Jim Tells of Eskimos Interesting Information on Our Northern Words Ap- peared in a Recent Number of the "Northern Miner" A visit from "Peace River" Jim Cornwall, famous trader, explorer, statesman and apostle of the last He is a, won- derful person. There is no other way to describe this big, powerful, keen- minded traveller who survived: 30' years of northern life and emerged with a vast fund of knowledge of that great land and a thorough appercia- tion of its problems. Jim Cornwall knows the Indians and the Eskimos as few men have come to know them. He knows, too, the traders, the trappers, the mis- sionaries and the police, but the tales he tells of the aborigines; their char acteristics and peculiarities provide startling evidence of the penetrating quality of his mind and the closeness of his observation. This authority confirms the pre- viously-held opinion that the Eskimos would perish, and quickly, if brought into close contact with white civiliza- tion. He says they lack resistance to disease, the result of a life of contin- ual hardship from the cradle to the grave. What to & white man would be a simple cold often means death to.the native, On the northern coast when the rare ship touches the Eski- mos sometimes catch what in their language they call "ship's disease," but which is nothing more than in- fluenza, often fatal to them. The religion of these aborigines is largely superstition. They have"medi- cine men" in whose powers they be- lieve. When the MacAlpine party was waiting at Cambridge Bay for the three relief airplanes which the wire- less had advised would arrive on a certain day, one of the party suggest. ed to McKinnon the Hudson's Bay factor at the post, that the Eskimo "medicine man" who, with his tribe, was there, be tipped off in advance, so that hie could claim crédit for bring: ing the planes. He said that there would be no standing that individual as long as he lived. The Eskimos would believe him, and his fame would travel all over the Arctic. He would never do another tap of work as long as he lived, Cornwall says that when traveling with the Eskimos it is necessary to establish a complete ascendancy over them. They cannot understand any- thing else. Food supply has to be carefully watched and in charge of the white man, as the natives would otherwise eat the whole lot, letting to-morrow look after itself. Likewise the white man must eat the same food and the same quantity of food at the same time and place as the Eskimos of his party, or he will get into trou- nie. The natives of the Bairen Lands and Arctic Coast region do not read or write, nor can they count, this authority states. They have sign writ- ing of a sort and they have a sign language which Cornwall says is about as easily understood as that of a mute. Where the missionarfes have touched them, the natives have ac: quired a slight veneer of Christianity, You can hear the women humming hymn tunes while carefully wearing their own private pagan charms. An Igloo cannot be made comfort- able in the white man's sense, The big problem is to keep it heated just enough to prevent it from collapsing. That means it must be just about freezing. Life is a hard proposition, and yet the natives keep cheerful. Cornwall sums up their philosophy in their own words: "It might be worse." They laugh and joke and are merry under the worst circumstances, and they do not like gloom in anyone else. The 'mentality of the Eskimo is not great; he is slow mentally and physi- cally, but thorough in his work. He is mechanically minded, and can do wonders with the small resources of his<bleak and barren land. Wood" is one of his greatest lacks. Food is his constant pre-occupation, and he can eat enormous quantities of it, Wives, says Cornwall, are absolute necessities to the Eskimos, They must have women to help them, par- ticularly in the matter of maintaining a supply of skin clothing and to do other sewing, which is a never-ending task. The have social customs pe- culiar to their race, especidlly in the matter of wives, which may be plural and interchangeable. When there is trouble, resulting in murder some- times, it can be traced to the women, as in more civilized climes. Cornwall, who asisted in the Mac- Alpine search, states positively that the Eskimos heard "Punch" Dickins in his heroic flight down the Copper- mine. He says if Dickins had con. he would have flown right over him. It would have made a big difference in the rescue work, saving many weeks and heavy anxiety and expense. Dick- ins was flying above cloud, and the natives . heard him-turn in a 'wide circle and fly back to the Mackenzie River, The Mackenzie River and its water- shed is the stamping ground of Jim Cornwall, who has travelled it since the days of the Yukon rush. He says the country is passing through a transition phase and is beset with problems, the greatest of which is the salvation of the Indian population, which is threatened with extinction, The Indian is a tough man, Cornwall cays, tough in the eense that he is hard to kill. But he is up against dit- ficult conditions at this time. ---- "Do you believe in woman's rights?" "Er=--1.y boxing teacher tells me the left is much more effective." EE "One truth dominates all history-- it Is easier to make war than peace." --Guglielmo Ferrero. tinued on for another score.or so miles | - Can we wee that in any way i in order to stimulate our' export trade those countries, as compared with the export trade of our competitors? have heard a great deal from bs Lord Privy Seal and others about de- veloping our export trade, "A few months ago the Lord Privy Seal went, as be sald, like a com- "| mercial traveller with a packet, or a bag, or, as I understand, a-shipful of samples to Canada, in order to see what he could sell. Apparently, he was not very successful, He suffer- oil the fate of many commercial trav- ellers, who go into a shop, but find that they are mot very welcome. Sup- pose that instead of going with a bag full of samples, he had gone with a pocket full ot orders, "Suppose that he had been able to say to the Canadian wheat poo), the Canadian Government, 'I want to buy '| wheat. I want to buy--shall we say --2,000,000 'tons of wheat for each of the next five years, I am prepared to place a definite order. You wil know precisely where you are during that period. You can have a steady price, or we can work out the basis of price to suit your convenience and ours. In any case, whatever may happen, you will be under no danger of 'your great markets being spoiled by German or by American or any other dumping, or by our custom be ihg transferred elsewhere.' "Suppose that he had said: 'I want to do the same for your cheese; and we would like to do the same with regard to other produce' He might also have said: 'As a matter of fact, we already buy from you three or four times as much as you buy from us. Would it not be a reasonable business arrangement that some of those vast orders that you now place in the United States should be switched across the Atlantle to us?" "Orders for their State rallways, for their municipalities, for their State electric power stations, and or ders, go far as the farmers are con- cerned, for the supply of the oon- sumable goods that are needed in their: co-operative stores throughout the West--the co-operative movement is growing in the West--orders for the variety of goods which Canada must buy from abroad and which now she 1s buying from the United States and elsewhere. "He might bave gone to Australia with the same sort of offer. Austra lia wants to ®ell butter, dried fruits, wool, and a variety of other things. All the time that her market is here, her best market is here, and all the time sh4 is buying from: America, from Japan, and from other countries, an increasing, a rapidly increasing, quantity of manufactured goods that we used to supply and that we would like to supply. "I think that is a business proposi- tion, the .sort of proposition which the Canadians would listen to: and it has the advantage that there is no question of taxing the food of the people in this country, or of increas: ing the price of raw materials. The offer we make to them, and it is a perfectly good business offer, is that we should give them a stable market, a secure market, and a guaranteed market, and L think if the offer were made the Dominions would very quick- vt, {heir shirts on the animals, 'ONE oF JANFTOBATS HUGE € STOREHOUSE ; The Point du Bols Power Station Dam on the 'being made in that province fo realise full value on its Many Do Not Realize Manitoba is Third in Provincial Power Production | that 'mearly two million people in the | pi yr And even if they did not respond, I am quite sure there are other countries that would. "In a small: way this" method has been already tried by Lord D'Aber- non in Seuth America. As a matter of fact, I am informed, and I think the information is right, that in the last few months. Australia herself bas been making this sort of proposal in regard to the export. of wool, I think, to Japan; and 'Japan herself has made a deal on those lines in respect of cotton and cotton goods with some of our East African Proteéctorates. It has never bezn tried on a large scale, but I submit that with the increas- ing centralization of the sale of agri- cultural 'goods' this is a businesslike way of dealing 'with the problem. "The New World" "Moncton Traneeript: Statistics show United States cannot speal and a New York eritic remarks causti- cally that of the remainder nine out of ten go. not even try. r 'ed established Dominion er. The intensive 'courses of oo hn at pre- d should be regarded at best as a e} preliminary designed to show the ld-be settled it he is suited to fa work. "They must be followed by long and willing labor in Canada itself. To allow the trainee to think otherwise is to sow the seeds of dis- illusion with all its bitter consequ- ences," Mr. Spence asserts, - This is sound advice. The pity is that, nobody "seems to have thought of it beforé and given it public voice. Mr. Spence is well within the facts when he points out that he recalcl- trant failure Invariably takes his stand upon the allegation that he has been misled and that his clamor makes him a burden to bimself and the authorities and tends, moreover, to create an entirely wrong impres- sion on the part of the Canadian re- garding British migrants as a whole and to lead the more gullible sections of the British public into the belief that Britishers are not wanted in Canada. We have had proof and to spare of this sort of thing. Possibly it would be less obvious if the people in the Old Country heard more about those who Many th of British settlers are now firmly es- tablished in this Dominion, and the record of their experience ought to be invaluable, not only as a stimulus but as an antidote' to the poisonous propaganda spread in the Old Coun- try by so many returned incompetents, At the same time Mr Spence ut ters a thoroughly well justified warn. ing against jwdging all immigrants who do not d by the ent The fault for failure, he says, lies sometimes with circumstances over which the migrant has no cone trol. settlement administration can- not be perfect, as he points out, but there is plenty of room for very marked improvement along very ime portant channels, and the sooner this is undertaken by the joint effort of federal and provincial authorities, the better. The average Canadian will en- dorse without reserve Mr, Spence's closing note: ", +. in the long run it is the heart that counts -- the something that makes a man smile when fate seems set against him, Canada is no place for the half-hearted, be he settler ox business man. She requires those who can work, and work hard; those who can recognize and develop to the utmost of their power the opportuni JAles with which she abounds," There you have thé matter in a nut- shell, The hard-working optimist who can "take occasion by the hand" and profit by it is the man upon whom Canada relies for aid in the up- building of her sturdy citizenship in the future.--~Montreal Star. et--} etm The Spineless Opposition Truth (London): It is now clear: that the Government will tum them- selves out 'by their iacredible follies and blunders, though the date of their ejection from Downing Street will de- pend on the action of the two Opposi- tions, . . . It may be asked why a Labor-Socialist Ministry, with such & litter of failures on every side, is suf- fered to remain in office, particularly as it represents neither a majority of the electors nor of the House of Com- mons, The answer is, the weakness of the Opposition in Parliament, . . . It Mr. Churchill would only throw over free trade, and come ont wit) a streng protectionist program, many think h would play Mr. Baldwin off the stage. But Mr, Churchill shows no sign of doing anything of the kind, and took the opportunity a few weeks ago in his own constituency of Todising Hla his unshaken allegiance to free trade. Can he be meditating an alliance with Mr, Lloyd George? . . . Mr. Churchill and Mr. Lloyd George are indisputably the two ablest Parliamentarians now liv- ing; and if they on derstand one another the country may see the for: mation of & party which wil "upset "caléulation the Empire 0 Cone.)! It Canada ursues the right course now, it '£he, 'erly assists in tightening the bonds of the Commonwealth, she will no 'benefit Britain, but she will enor ince the self-interest of with | aout 'provided in England and Scot- following 'General Smuts' advice, eags