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Pr > NER - When the Continents of the World Sli Asrronoriical Observation Indicate that Greenland i Drift- ing Westward at the Rate of Sixty Feet Per Year Look at & map and observe the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa. They would nearly fit gether. There is a ggod reason, according to @ recent and widely accepted geologl- cal theory. They were once actually part of the same continental mass, and were pulled apart. All land masses were part of this primitive continent. This new theory, that of "continent- al drift," is explained in an article contributed by W. J. Luyten to the New York Times. He says: "Why did the continents take on the shape they have? #Why are tho great mountain ranges where they are? "These questions have provided geo- logists with endless disputes. "The first ideas on the subject were that the earth, cooling and shrinking, had acted somewhat like an apple, which, as it dries, becomes wrinkled on its surface." it put to- This fine theory was "too good to be true," for, it seems, mountain ranges are not mere wrinkles, but folds and creases where the surface of the earth has been "shoved." A new theory was wanted, and, to supply the need, we are told: "In 1910 F. B. Taylor at Yale first proposed some rather hazy ideas on the drifting of continents, while Alfred Wegener, In Germany, worked out a similar th2ory to mufh greater detail soon afterward. More recently Daly and Joly put the finishing touches on this theory of 'sliding continents.' Wegener once noticed how extraordin- arily alike are the west coast of Africa and the east coast of South America. He finally asked himself: Would they fit if put next to one another? They did." To-day his thpory has grown to ma- turity, says Mr. Luyten, and it is the only one that is at all acceptable, though still far from perfect. He pro- ceeds: "The layers of the earth may be divided into three principal strata. The outermost, the light 'scum' on top. is mado up principally of silica, with some aluminum. This layer is about twenty-seven miles thick, and rather ligsht--only 2.7 times as heavy as water "Next comes a shell, some 1,800 miles in thickness, composed still of silica, but now lurgely mixed with magnesium, calcium, and iron com- pounds. Finally, underneath, and forming the mner core of the earth, is a great mass of heavy material, sur- mised to consist of practically nothing but iron and nickel, eight times heavier than water, and many times more rigid than steel," Now the top layer, though light, is a real solid, wo ara told, while the and Shoved Around parently very similar to pitch, only 10,000 times "stickier." The great con- tinental blocks ar» floating in a vast sticky pool which forms the floor of our terrestrial oceans, and extends 1,800 miles downward, To quote again: "W8 can at once go back to the time when 'the earth was without form apd vold' According to Wegener, there was water everywhere then, ex- cept at the South Pole, where all the land was heaped up into one immense continent. "It was all one solid block, with South America fitting snugly ato the west coast of Africa; with North America and Greenland forming one mass with Europe; while on the east coast of Africa that which now fs In- dia--much larger in those days-- closely adjoined Madagascar. Aus- tralia and the present Antarctic com- pleted the picture by merging with South Africa and India. "This single continent was then draped around the South Pols, the actual pole being located somewhere near what Is now Cape Town. "Then things began gradually happen, "The earth was rotating from west to east. The rotation set up a centri- fugal force, and made all parts of that great continent try to move away from the Pole toward the Eyuator. "The continent was ripped asunder. America came Off in the west, Asia, India, and Australi in the east. "India -got the biggest 'push'; and its northern ridge folded over; hence the Himalayas. The two Americas to lower one Is really a viscous fluid, ap-} were forcibly pushed westward; North America, being further away from the anchor, sailed faster, and thus curved up more, trailing Central America and ; Greenland in its wake. Soutl Ameri-| ca floated down majestically, and] piled up the Andes on its front side." Are there any confirmatory facts? Well, if the continents once formed a single mass, the different geological for- | mations that existed before the sepa-r ation should be similar in those mass-| es that were once adjoining. The! amount qf evidence here is enormous, | we are told. But Mr. Luyten goes on: "The most attractive of all evidence | in favor of the drift theory is formed | by the climates of past geological periods. The upper layer skidded all over the place, and the various parts of the solid crust enjoyed different cli-| arctic, sometimes tropical. Each period left its traces in the different layers of rocks and fossils. "If movements of the solid crust have taken place, it is more than like- ly that similar motions are still in progress. Astronomical observations do indicate that from 186. to 1922 ireenland was drifting westward at the rate of sixty feet per year." Mental L borers Need Little Food When a man comes home after a hard day's work, he feels entitled to a good dinner, - But if his labors have been mental, no matter how tired he is, he hus been using very little physi- cal force. His food requirements are almost the same as if he had been idling. Says Good Health (Battle Creek, Mich.) "Dr. I'vancis G. Benedict has been testing this subject in the nutrition laboratories of the Carnegie Institu- tion, in Bos.on. "He devised an apparatus for mea- | suring 'he intake of oxygen and the output' of carbon dioxid. These fact- ors are an accurate index of the amount. of heat produced. "His subjects were taken after an all-night fast. Théy had a series of problems in mental arithmetic given to them, such* as multiplying seventy- nine by sixty-three. Or if this was too easy, one of the numbers was in- creased to three figures. Periods of rest alternated with those of work. During the multiplication' labors, the respiraticn became 'deeper and irre- gular, but the rate remained the same, about fifteen per minute: "The men showed an increase In the heart-beats of five per minute on the average, while the single woman subject went up twelve beats per min- ute. The increase in heat production was only two and three-tenths calories , ber hour, about 4 per cent, | "One soda biscuit or one-half a pea- mut would supply this difference. A | matd in dusting a professor's desk for five minutes would do more actual work, as measured by heat production, than her employer would in an hour of intense mental effort. | "The lesson of all this 1s that peo- ple who do no physical work should be very moderate in thelr eating." \ FARE Se " To Clean Wallpaper . ~ Put an old lace curtain fn cold water tarch and rough dry. Rub the soiled part of the wallpaper over with | this lightly, when you will find all traces of dirt dave vanished, = i i ' "Whatlya mean, you only get three hours sleep a day?" The Youth-- "Yeah--1 get the rest at night!" ' dt re "Will yon marry. me?' he asked. Mya Ard thay val hap- phy 6500 0 \ tonrna® 3 Whiskers Fashion In Russia To-day Riga, Latvia--The bushy-faced Rus- sian whom Peter the Great sought to exterminate by forcibly shaving the Slav nobility is returning. Russia to-day is filled with beards. According to the Soviet satirical weeklies, they have many advantages. They not only obviate the necessity of wearing neckties, which nobody in present-day Russia can afford, but also they mercifully hide a dirty shirt and act as a chest protector. To be clean-shaven in Russia today is-a sign that you are of bourgeois ex- traction. Curiously enough, the man with red hair does all in his power to keep clean-shaven, for, according to an old Russian superstition, red-headed men are not considered reliable. The chief reason for the increase of facial 'foliage under Bolshevism is the impossibility of obtaining shaving re- quirements. The Soviets charge $75 duty for two dozen razor blades. For on® old- fash. foned razor the duty is $25, and for 2 1bs, of shaving soap $150 is demand- ed, tn Hosiery Care Stockings will look new longer if, after the first washing or two, a little mild tan dye {is added to the rinse water. This also prevents that pink- ish cast so many belge stockings de- velop. eae ee. A house is built of brick and stone, Of tiles and posts and plers, But a home is bullt of loving deeds That stand a Houssad years. Impatient Customer -- "What's be- come of the waitress?" Cafe Manager --"'Was she a tall,.fair-haired gin?" Impatient Customer--"Possibly. But she's grown grey since I've been sit- ting here." : ' tino ---- Little Charlie--"Come on, auntie; we'll go in the last carriage!" Auntie --*"Oh, no, Charlie! The last carriage is dangerous." Charlie--""Well, why don't they leave it off the train, then?" ------------ Taber, Alberta.--Sugar beets weigh: ing up to nearly eight pounds have been found in the Bubach field of 22 | acres, a mile east of Taber. More than 400,000 beets were harvested from this plot, weighing altogéther 422 tons or i , early 20 tons to the acre. Mrs. Victor Bruce, noted English aviatrix, took off from London recently in single seater plane with her destination secret, but Japan or world-tour reported as possibilities. Pure Ice Is Clearer Than Pure Wai~r Pure, clear ice is even more trauns- parent to light beams than pure, un- frozen water, so that light "passes through such ice for considerable dis- tances without becoming visible and then may be made visible by a layer of bubbles of a roughened ice surface, like the beautiful effects obtained in ornamental signs of clear glass. So it is reported by L. C. Porter and W, A. Steiger, of the National Electric Lamp Works of Cleveland, Ohio, in an ac- count recently published by the Gen-! eral Electric Company describing such ice illumination at Lake Placid, New mates at different times, sometimes | Yotk and elsewhere. Ordinary elect| tric lamps may be buried inside a cake of ice or underneath the layer of ice that forms the skating rink. If the ice is absolutely clear the light passes through it without making the ice luminous. On the smooth surface of the ice somd ernamental design then may be prodnéed by roughening the surface with light hammer blows or with a file. This roughened, surface immediately appears Self-luminous, since the myriads of small broken ice crystals catch the light rays and re- flect them in every direction. The same effect may be produced by lay- ers of snow-ice or of ice containing tiny air, bubbles inside a block of clear ice. The reason why solid ice is more transparent than the sale water in unfrozen condition probably Is that the invisible molecules of water are in continual motion and interfere with the light waves whereas the same molecules frozen in ice are fixed in their places in the ice crystals. aimmi-- ---- A London man claims to have at- tended over five hundred weddings. One is enough for most men. The Pullet Ration A definite plan of feeding is neces- sary to insure best results from lay- ing pullets, poultry experts of the, Do- minion Department of Agriculture ad- | vise. The - well-balanced ration in- cludes scratch grain, mash, green feed, grit shell, certain supplementary vita- min feeds, and plenty of fresh clean water. There is, however, a wide variety of materials which go to make up this ration. Home mixing of suit- able formulae is recommended. Wheat, oats and corn barley go into the making of a good mash. Fifteen per cent, of animal feeds, 1 per cent. ; of salt, an equal quantity of cod liver oil, should be mixed in. Grit and oys- ter shell should be available in hop- pers at all times. Alfalfa, clover, or { cabbage make excellent green feeds, and where these are not available alfalfa leaf meal may be used. Raw potatoes, field carrots and mangels make succulent supplementary feeds. i The feeding of cod liver oil supplies the vitamin which prevents rickets. --p een Can Stand the Heat Washington, -- Female bodies can withstand much more heat than can male bodies, according to findings of Dr. Oscar Riddle, of the Carnegie Museum. He says that high tempera- tures slow down male production of energy more than female, thus caus- ing men to lose much of their energy during hot spells. soit Teacher--""Markham, what is the Equator?" Markham--*"An imaginary line, miss, runniag round the face of the earth." Teacher (facetiously)-- "And could your mother hang clothes on that line?" Markham--*"Yes, miss." | Teacher--"And, pray, how do you make that out?" Markham--"Imagin- ary clothes, miss!" "ADAMSON'S ADVENTURES" -- . Oklahoma City, Okla.--Three toads taken alive from an Indian mond in Northwestern Oklahoma were 'scien: tists said they probably had been im- prisoned for three or four ceturfes, were' on display here recently at the State Historical Society Museum. J. B. Thoburn, curator of the his- torical society, sald the age of the amphibians depended largely upon the origin of the mound. If the eleva- tion was made by hand, he said, it is Have You Tried This Way? To use left-quer mashed potatoes, mix with flour and oatmeal and make into scones. Toast and eat hot with butter, Small pieces or wash-leather sewn underneath big buttons prevent them' from being torn out and leaving rbig in the garment. When steeping clothes in blue water add a spoonful of salt. This prevents the blue from coloring the clothes in patches. . To remove {inkstains from textiles and silk stockings, rub the stain with a cut tomato, afterwards washing with "hot soap and water, Add vinegar to the washing-up water to remove quickly the smell and taste of onions of fish from pans or cutlery. : When washing kitchen towels and dishcloths, add a little borax'to the water. This makes them a good color and removes the dirt and grease, ° A jam jar placed In a saucepan of water is as good as a double sauce- pan for making porridge or egg cus- tard. Use a rag dipped in turpentine to clean the rollers or a rubber wringer. | The painted framework is best clean- ed with parafiin. Sx AB ee mia | The Sport of Princes Polo, which has been much in the limelight recently in connection with i the matches between Britain and Am- | erica for the Westchester Cup, is one lot the oldest games in the world. Its original home was in Ancient Persia. From there it spread to In- ~ Mound After Lapse of Centuries probable the toads were imprisoned 800 or 400 years, if it was of natural 'origin, the 'age of the toads might be even greater ' ; Thoburn and two other archaeolog- ists made the discovery while excavat ing the mound, believod to be the toads 'were dormant with lips and eyes sealed, Thoburn said, but withia a few moments after being lili rated, hopped: about with agility, their lips and eyes o' Ladybug Now Fights The ladybird, or ladybug, is too busy these days to pay heed to nursery rhymes. She and her children have been conscripted by science to fight insect pests that destroy plants. Besides the ladybird no, longer has a private family life. Her "home," under the direction of science, is one of many laboratories, or "i ies," where thousands upon thousands of them are grown right in the midst of very insect enemies they are later to combat, three for a ha'penny in England. they save the farmers a fortune in fruit. Training the Hintress The ladybug in this instance, how- ever, is onlyone of 2,000 known spécies. While many of them feed on other injurious insects many of them do not. But to the layman, all ladybirds are alike, ¢ To the emtomolg€ist each of the 2,000 species is as different from the other as black from whife. The work of propagating the lady- bugs falls into three phases. First a plant must grow on which mealbugs-- a deadly fruit pest--may be grown as food for the lady bugs; second, the plant; and third, the growing of the ladybugs on the food thus produced.' The plant used as a food base for the mealybug--the first step in the cycle of insect canabalism--consists of potato sprouts, They are planted in prepared soil in small trays placed ! dia, China and Japan. It also spread ' westward, and became the favorite sport of the Byzantine €mperors and their courtiers. . In modern times British officers in India saw its possibilitnes, and started playing it. The game first appeared in England - in 1863, but thes regular matches and tournaments on the Hurl: | fngham Club ground only date from 1874. It will be at least three years before there is another contest for the. West- chester Cup, which. is retained by America --"Answers" -- Home Made! An easy way to remove stains from the hands after doing housework or preparing vegetables or fruit is to rub in a lotion made of equal parts of vinegar and water. A bottle of this kept by the sink is very useful; fit also softens the skin if rubbed in after doing laundry work. ee fee Care of Towels Kitchen towels that are badly stain- ed should be damped with cold water and rubbed well with yelle® soap' or sprinkled with soap powder and quick- ly rolled up as tightly as possible. Leave for a few hours. -------- A' Culinary Puzzle.--Waiter, seeing dissatisfaction on guest's face: "Wasn't the dinner cooked to suit you, skedy Guest: "Yes, all but the bill. Just take that back and tell them to boil it down a little!" on racks in rooms, These rooms are constructed on either side of a cen- | tral hallway, giving access to the room at the dark hall end. One mealybug, lays an average of 600 eggs. They are placed on trays on which are leaves of a native plant acceptable to the pests. Thep they are trapsferred to the trays of sprouts. { With the temperature at 80 degrees, twenty-five adult ladybugs are blaced in each tray in the room. About 9,000 of the beetles are required for, each room--which means that in one insectary alone there may be 750,000 ladybugs. 10,000 Beetles in his Pocket The adult beetles deposit their eggs | averaging '200 per individual, in the ogg masses or larve of the mealybug. In six days they hatch out small larve, which feed on the mealybug eggs. Twelve to twenty days are required for the development of the ladybug' larve. The emerging beetles are plac | ed in gelatine capsules, ten to a cap- sules. The ladybirds are carried into the field by organized "liberation" crews. Each man in the crew wears a two- pocket apron, carrying ten thousand beetles in one pocket. Each tree in the orchard is approached, the capsule opened, and the "quiescent beetles thrown among the branches. Theoretically, then, ten ladybugs placed in each tree, with plenty of food available, will increase to 100, 000 at the end of ninety days. So, when you see a ladybird--particular- ly in a fruit orchard don't try to scare it. "Home," in these scientific days, to a ladybird, is where the mealy bug is. mir -- a ------ World's Strangest Cargo Arrives in London The merchant ships that move ab- out the world's oceans carry a variety of queer things in their holds. One may arrive at Hamburg with a consign- ment of elephants for the world's cir- cuses; another may discharge at Sec- ondee tons upon tons of ancient uni- forms for the adornment of native chiefs. But perhaps the quaintest cargo ever borne by a ship was that unloaded recently at St. Katherine's Dock in London, from the Philomel. She was loaded with sea water. Most ships pump out sea-water as fast as it makes its way in, but this one pumped it in special tanks and carried it all the way from the Bay of Biscay to London. In fact, she makes a habit of doing so. The water is for' the fish in the aquarium at the Zoo, and only in the Bay of Biscay can the required crystal-clear water be obtained. It comes from a small stretch of ocean between Bordeaux al shant. AA tank is sealed as soon as it is filled, and on arrival in London it is tested in the Zoo laboratories. a --Tit-Bits ese fps i rilig Pan I If you want to keep things hot, with- out cooking them any more, Invert : ae BER 0k Fh ok makes a nice warming pan without enough heat to cook. v A FTF : "What" do you Ee when in doul Garden Insects : And although they are sold growing of the mealybug on that | | is waiting. Science Still Has... "Big Field to. Cover * S 11 Off » tunities for Invento; . During the last hundred years mam- kind has made greater advances im knowledge and in turning' natural forces to his own use than in the course of any period in the world's history, and there is no question that the coming century will see a still more astounding. forward movement. - We seem to be on the-verge.of solv- ing problems that have bafiled human- ity through the ages--and yet the solutions elude us. ~~ Perhaps the most needed of all dis- apalling diseases that still afflict the human race. Cancer still bafiies med- ical science, though any day its cause known. We have discovered how to deal with typhus, typhoid, smallpox, plague, and otfer dreadful scourges of the past, but doctors are still baffled. by infl and the cold. Means of communication betweem one part of the world and almost any other are marvels to-day. A humdred years ago it took six months to send a message to Australia; now it can be done in a fraction of a second. But our communications, - marvelous as they are, are not perfect. Magnetic storms may completely 'upset the working of cables for hours or evem .days upon end, whilst atmospherics may render the reception of messages by wireless impossible. One of the greatest needs of the day is. for a certain and absolutely rellable means of communication. Another invention for which the world is waiting is that of some satisfastory means of dis- posing of refuse, Though refuse of all kinds contains huge stores of en~ ergy and many valuable chemicals, we do not know what to do with it. We turn our rivers/into sewars and the ! countryside is disfigured wih dumps. 'Millipns Thrown Away Power for driving machinery is one of the greatest needs of civilization. In the tides of the sea, which rise or fall twice a day, almost unlimited power is available if we could find a means of using fit. Some means must be found of fur nishing heat and power without burn- ing substances such as coal, oil or wood. These are wasteful methods, and far more important, the smoke that they produce seriously affects man's health and comfort. So far we have discussed inven tions and discoveries that can plain- ly be classed as big. Many more of this kind could be mentioned, but they are not only ones for which the world There are much needed inventions which, though they may seem relatively unimportant, would have an enormous effect upon human health, : Here are a few lesser inventions the world badly needs. The great majority of deaths due to traffic ac- cidents--and these run into thousands in this country alone in a year--are caused by skidding. A road surface upon which, wet or dry, 'wheels can- not slip is one of our greatest needs. Sudden changes in the weather re- sults in enormous losses not only fo farmers, but also to innumerable kinds of businesses. We still have no certain method of forcasting these. Fog completely disorganizes our trans- port by land sea and air, and we have found no means of penetrating it. Never before in history have there been such opportufiities for inventors. ---- Three Good Ideas Small pieces of kid or washleather sewn underneath big buttons prevent them from being torn out and holes being made in the garments. To polish amber, rub it with whiten- ing mqistened with water, and lastly with a little olive oll laid on with a piece of flannel, A little cornflour added to table salt will prevent it from becoming lumpy. et en 'DAILY DUTIES The every-day cares and duties, which men call drudgery, are the weights and counterpoises of the clock of time, giving its pendulum a true vibration and its hands a regular meo- tion; and when they cease to hang upon its wheels, the pendulum no longer swings, the hands no longer move, the clock stands still. ree Ae . ; DISCONTENT ,, 3 Perhaps one of the most potent causes of the present discontent Ia the tendency to lay stress on. rights rather than duties. Yet the ref pro- gress of humanity probably depends far more on the conception of duty than on the conception of rights, : : Lord Hewart. "Johnnie, come in to dinner!" Mrs, Slatét stood at the door of her cote tage, looking Yas Shing ln a stream. "John-ne-- in-nert" StI t Lr 0] 5 Honaole Re hg hE dont come in to dinner at once, my son," threatened Mra. Slater, "I won't | ou 1" fen %d = Te Has to the delinquent, and, seizing him by "Didn't you hear me call?' she cried, "No," replied the youngster. & i ol about kissing a girl?" = "Give her the benefit of the doubt" '7% 2 \ - I al hear you the first three times, | last time I had a bite!" NA coveries are cures for many of the and the means of curing it may be. the shoulders, shook him violently, , * Mie Ne Monde £ {277ards a small boy whe 24 #3 i - i i 3 & xg