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an - he Ee RE pr---- pA &3 ] CRE 9500 AA rl TS 5 fit 2 ie 57 Lard a Car 7y "x HE fia : vr 41d a AA Ape i dition, Commentary on the Highlights of the Week's News . . . MAN OF THE HOUR-Captain An- thony Eden who resigned Febru- ary 20 as British Foreign Secretary because he could not tolerate the Government's policy of negotiating . "at that time with the dictators, is looked upon by many as a knight- in-shining-armor-on-a-white-horse." A deliverer, I'he ideal Britisher in- carnate, For several months following his resignation Anthony Eden kept strictly in the background, leaving the field clear for his former Chief, Prime Minister Chamberlain, to put his theories into practice. _ But now, coincidental with a rise ot popular feeling against the Govern: ment's policies (as they are work- ing out in Spain, for instance), he is emerging from his retirement, may step into the arena again, As a potential British = leader, Eden has tremendous drawing-pow- er. Should he then once more take up -the cudgels in defense of the League of Nations and collective security, he would carry a large percentage of the British popula- tion with hir, DAY-AND-A-HALF WEEK-END -- A progressive businessman in one of our more up-and-coming Western Ontario towns is suggesting to the local branch of the Retail Merch ants' Association that shops and places of business close sharp at 12.30 Saturday .noon of each weck Instead of keeping open till all hours Saturday night. He would have a natithal half-holiday pro- claimed for 'every Saturday after- noon and a day-and-a-half week-end for the whole population. Farmers in the surrounding area could do their week's shopping and visiting on Friday night. instead. Tired clerks and business people would have a chance to rest up before Sunday and be able to come back refreshed to start their next week's work. ~ We believe that our progressive businessman has something. It is to be hoped that his suggestion will be noticed, taken up and acted up- on. : WHAT ITALY WANTS--The au- thoritative Italian newspaper Gior- nale d'Italia setting forth Italy's stand in the Spanish -embroglio de- clares: "No conflict of interests di- vides or can divide Italy and Spain, who by defending freedom in the Mediterranean are defending their independence as nations. Only com- By Elizabeth Eedy plete and full mastery of the Medi- terranean can permit one and the other to develop its social and ecd- nomic energies." Which doesn't exactly fit in with Great Britain's program in the Mediterranean, we would say. BACK TO THE WILDS--History tells us that this country originally belonged to the Indians. Then the French took it away from them, and the English took it away from the French. The Indians, once a fierce and powerful race, became to a certain extent a subject people, living in 'reserve' areas, The Indian problem today in Canada is becoming increasingly hard to deal with. A kind of pseu- do-civilization has been imposed on the Indians by thelr close contact with white people; tuberculosis is taking a terrible toll of Indian lives; inroads by white trappers and hunters have almost destroyed their livelihood, the hunting and trapping by which Indians used to support themselves, Constructive suggestions for dealing with the Indian problem were advanced in the House at Ot- tawa last week by Superintendent- General of Indian Affairs Crerar. Plans, he said, are already under way in the Northwest Territories to set aside large areas where In- dians may pursue their ancient vo- cation of trapping and hunting un- disturbed by the white man. He would advocate also that efforts be - made to train Indians as guides and forest workers, park attendants and to teach them wooderaft and beadwork. NEW PACT MOOTED--Under con- sideration at the present time is a pact of mutual assistance between France and Turkey. On the sur- face this may not appear to be very important, but should an agreement be reached, it would provide France with a contact with her powerful ally, Russia, through 'the Dardan- elles, should the north route be- tween France and the Soviet Union be blocked by Germany in the ev vor, of hostilities, The treaty would also serve te link France more strongly with the 'Little Entente (Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Roumania) and the Bal- kan Entente (Turkey, Greece, Rou- mania and Yugoslavia), all of which countries Germany and Italy are trying to attach to the Rome-Ber- lin axis. Canada' s Field Crops "Are Close To Normal Fall Wheat Only Slightly Below Year Ago Dominion Bureau of Statistics Report Indicates. -Spring- Wheat. and Coarse Grains Show Improvement. " Condition figures for all field crops in Canada at the end of May. were .all close to normal and, with the exception of Fall wheat, were well above the condition figures at the same time last year, the Domi: niow Bureau of Statislics reports. Fall wheat prospects in Outario are only slightly below those 'of a - year ago, while Fall rye conditions in the Prairie Provinces are notab- ly better than in 1937. Spring wheat and coarse grains are showing a considerable improvement ovér their condition, at this date a year ago, asa result of more normal moisture conditions in the Prairie grass: Provinces, including the plains area which last year was so markedly affected by drought. Pasturage Better Pastures and forage crops are greatly improved in the West, and are considerably better in Ontario and Quebec this year in the ab- sence of an open Winter which re: sulted in Winter-killing a year ago. In Ontario, the bulk of the Spring grain was planted from 10 days to two weeks earlier than last year, and is now. in.about average con- Germination has been good and most fields show an even stand. Fall 'wheat has made excellent growth except in Western Ontario where quite' a few fields are report- ed a little thin and patchy. Present 'prospects, however, Indicate an al- most average yield. Old alfalfa flelds were badly Winter-killed. Other hay and - clover, and new seedings of alfalfa are "generally making satisfactory growth. Pas. tures are good for this time of year, High Deusih Rate From Pneumonia The slight decline Wn pneumonia mortality in the last fifteen years is insignificant, compared with the decline in deaths from such commu. nicable diseases as tuberculosis and diphtheria, Dr. A. H. Sellers, Medi- cal Statistician of the Ontario De- partment of Health, told delegates to the Ontario Health Officers' As- - sociation's 24th annual convention in Toronto last week. "The death records," he pointed out, "make it quite clear that pneu- monia is quite prevalent through- out Ontario. As a cause of invalid- ism and death, it far exceeds all the communicable diseases of child. hood, and yery few acute conditions have such a high death rate." Pneumonia, he stated, ranked fourth among the chief causes of - death in Ontr io, with 60 per cent. of all pneumonia deaths occurring at home, Volcano Drives Native Insane Another Dies of Fright When Six-Day Eruption in Philip- pines Reaches Climax Smoke and flames shot from Ma- yon volcano in the Philippines with - great violence last week, terroriz- ing the populace of Albay Province and causing the death of one man . through fright. The sixday eruption of the 7,000- foot peak mounted in intensity," causing fear 'that the climax of the volcano's activity was yet to come. Reports from the village of Pawa said one man there died of fright. white the sight of the flaming vol- cano, which had been "quiet fop 10 years, had driven another man'in- sane, Earthquakes Accompanied ; After a night of close-up obser: vation, Rev. Miguel Selga, director of the Manila Weather Bureau, ex- préssed apprehension that the actl- vity of the crater might be graver than at first was indicated. Light earthquakes accompanied the rumb- lings from the crater, More than 16,000 villagers of the area 200 miles southeast of Manila have vacated their homes and have sought safety m the lava flow from the volcand, which eaused the death of 1,200 people in an erup- tion in 1814, eo -eral Dominions are linked Capsules Reduce Accident Hazard May One Day Be Used By Mo- torists to Guarantee Safe Driving--Improve Vision It may not be long before an au- tomobile driver will swallow a cap- sule to help keép him out of motor ing accldents at night. That procedure was hinted at in experiments reported in an Ohio Medical Journal article. The capsule is filled with caro- tenein-oil, a potent source of vyita- min A. Vitamin A improves vision in the dark, reducing eye strain and fatigue, two big causes of motor' smash-ups. Use of the capsule as "safe driv- ing medicine" was indicated indi- rectly by the experimenters: Dr. Ralph C. Wise, eye specialist of Mansfield, O., and Dr. O. H. Shet- tler of the medical department of the Westinghouse Electric Com- pany. : Relieves Eye Fatigue The Ohio Journal article on the Wise-Shettler work .was devoted entirely to the primary concern of the experiments--relieving eye fa- tigue among certain types of in-. dustrial workers and thus improv- ing the workers' general health and capacity for work. The article reported that by giv- ing the workers three carotene-in- oil capsules daily, vision was so impyoved that the efficiency of col- or-matching inspectors in a mer- chandising plant was increased more than 76 per cent. Improves the Health As a by-product of the tests, the article said, the ex_.erimenters dis- covered an appreciable improve- ment in the workers' health. Another by-product, the doctors disclosed in connection with the ar- ticle, was "the capsules' effect on night driving. A number of employees, he said, reported that whereas they had dreaded night driving prior to tak- ing the capsules, they found motor- ing no longer a strain after using the medicine. Germans Suggest Economic Empire Papers Cite British Treaties As Example for Balkan Areas Two German newspapers are urging the campaign for Reich economic hegemony in the rich Balkans and Danubian. Basin be furthered by according '"domin- ion" status to those areas under a system of accords similar to those evolved for the British Common- - wealth of Nations by Imperial Conferences of the past. The Berliner Boersen Zeitung, criticizing the '"incomprehension'" 'of the democracies of "problems" facing Czechoslovakia's Sudeten Germans and other Southeastern European issues, said the Balkans and the Danubian Basin must be tied to the Reich just as the sev- with Greta Britain. With Preférential Tariffs The newspaper Germania, in suggesting an economic plan in which the equivalent of a colon- ial empire would be achieved by preferential tariffs modelled after the British 'Empire's agreements, contended that the Reich and Italy should play the central role. Enjoying primary links with them would be Hun- gary, Yugo-Slavia, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Spain and the Spanish colonies. On the border of the economic "commonwealth" would stand Poland, Rumania, Turkey and Japan. Plan Would Shift Half Population Within 72 Hours The British Government and the rajflway companies have worked out a plan under which 3,500,000 peo- ple could be moved at least B50 miles from London by rail in 72 hours, Geoffrey Lloyd, Under-Secre- tary to the Home Office, told the House of Commons last week. A plan for reception of such re- fugees, in the event of an emer- gency, and their disposal in rural areas, also was drawn up, said Mr. Lloyd as he terminated for the Gov- ernment a debate on aii raid pre- cautions. Bomb-Proof Shelters carlier Sir Samuel Hoare, Home Secretary, revealed details of other preparations to protect populations of large cities. He stated trench and dug-out air rald shelters accom- modating up to 1,600,000 people could be built in London's open spaces, His personal opinion, formed af- ter consultation between Home Of- fice experts and observers of sévere bombings i} Barcelona and other Spanish Government cities, Sir Samuel said, wag that it was better to dispexse the population of a rald- ed city in numerous small shelters than to try to concentrate them in . vast underground constructions, economic - the Province, NEXT WEEK IN THIS PAPER A NEW FEATURE WILL START ---- ARE YOU LISTENING? Snappy Microphone Gossip About the Week's Programs and Personalities . . . . By Freddie adie "WATCH FOR IT ! : ! C F CANADA : V THE EMPIRE THE WORLD AT LARGE of the SEE PRESS CANADA Five Kinds of Wolves The Sault Star says there are three kinds of wolves in Algoma --the timber, the brush and the coyote. What about the other two --the human wolf and. the wolf at the door? -- St. Thomas Times- Journal. It Goes Often, Anyway An Ontario dean asserts that coining of the Canadian five-cent | pieces '"'was a curse to the Church." Still, it may be said for the nickel that it gees to church oftener than the bigger coins or dollar bills,--Montreal Gazette, Not So Far From War " The real point is that Canada is not so far away from war dan- gers as the more complacent Canadians imagine. Even in the Great War an attempt was mad: to blow up a factory in Windsor, That was just a taste of what might be expected in the way of incidents in these days of improv- ed ways of killing people--Wind- sor Daily Star. , Why Not Cut "Sales Tax? 4: "It has been pointed out that the Canadian National Railways sys- tem pays about $5,000,000 annual- ly in sales tax. In other words, the amount, may be reckoned as part of the deficit met -through taxation. The sales tax is als a substantial item in the cost of goods purchased by school boards and other municipal 'bodies. If it cannot be abolished it ought at least to be reduced from the pres- ent high lével.--Woodstock Sen- tinel- Review, Hit-and-Run Cowards Six -hit-and-run accidents, one death and four - persons injured during the weck-end: Thatis a - pretty Monday morning reflection for any so-called civilized fom- munity to get of itself. How long is Ontario going to allow it to go on? How many people have to die unattended in roadside ditches be- fore public opinion moves against this most contemptible of cow- ards? Where do we draw the line between a man who deliberately murders and one who, knowing he has: injured another, sneaks off to let him die, so inhumanly, perhaps needlessly 7--Toronto Globe and . Mail, Our Canadian "Cities Another thing that might well be standardized throughout the Dominion is the population re- quiréd before a community may be incorporated as a city. For many years an Ontario town could beconfe a city if it possessed a population in excess of 10,000, and it has been repeatedly sug- gestdd that Brockville should take advantage of that stipulation and get out of the ranks of the towns in which: she has been situated since 1832. Within recent years, howdver, the provincial lawmakers have' raised the standard, and 15,- 000 is the population now requir- "ed of a community before it may 1 legally attain cityhood. At that Yate, it appears that Brockville will thave to wait for some years befoye it joins the other cities of But in Manitoba a place may still become a city when it has 10,000 or over. In Alberta, a city means a community of 6; or thore, and in British Colu it i actually the law that any place with 100 male inhabitants may become incorporated as a city. -- Brockville Recorder and Times. The EMPIRE "Sauce for the Goose . .. " If the Spanish war ends with a victéry for the insurgents while the Czechoslovak question is still" in \the balance, France will find herself faced not only with the German menace to her ally but with an Italy able and willing to - raise all sorts of trouble in the Mediterranean, to cut the sea routes to the French colonies, per- haps to help General Franco in some demonstration - against the French frontier. This state of things is only to be ended if France admits Italy's right to in- tervene in Spain while forbidding herself the mildest of counter- measures. The logical and suffi- cient answer to this is obvious enough. If Signor Mussolini con- siders that Frarice is "intervening" dangerously in the Spanish war he has the remedy of declaring for genuine intervention on all sides. France, Britain, and all the peaceable Statés of Europe would be overjoyed to see all "volun- teers" withdrawn from Spain, all supplies 'of war material stopped. There is not much doubt that the civil war would end quickly enough" if its conduct were left if Italy will not agree to non-in- tervention then she should have no tervention of other Powers were on a scale to match her own. Famous Skull Is Restored to Body VIENNA.--The skull of Franz Joseph Haydn, eighteenth century Austrian composer, is to- be re- stored -to the rest of -the body, from which it was separated 129 years ago. Mayor Hermann Neu- Men's Singing Society, returned to the resting place of the body in the Burgenland town of Eisen- stadt. Haydn died in 1809 at the age of 77. Two days after his "funeral the skull was stolen from his coffin, According to an old Yorkshire superstition, cutting a child's nails during the first year of his life will cause him to grow up a thief. to the Spaniards themselves." But: right to complain even if the in--- bacher has ordered the skull, for - years the property of the Vienna ° British Films TryCo Comeback $8,750,000 will Be Spent In Effort to Win Markets-- Filming & Sul- livan in Colors Pinewood Studies (Iver, Bucks) has announced that £1,760,000 ($8, 750,000) will be spent on films there in the next few months. 'This means work for 2,000 people until . the end of October. Behind the announcement lies a "big push" to establish British films firmly on the world's mar. kets, Although Pinewood was only completed 18 months ago with cries that it would never be a suc- cess the company behind it may prove the real ploneers of a come- back in British films, The most expensive films will be a colored version of Gilbert and Sullivan's "Mikado" costing £20Q,- hi ork will start on that within the next two months, and it will be followed by "Yeoman of the Guard," involving another £100,000, "There is a boom coming, and we are ready for it. Our studios are capable of producing any film, no matter how,ambitious it may be, "It {s now the finest studio in the country and in many respects su- perior to Hollywood." -- Chemist Serves horsehair. As Caterpillar Now, instead of carefully guard- ing millions of caterpillars, pro- viding them with bushels of mul-- berry leaves and waiting patient- ly for the preverse creatures to spin their silk-covered cocoons, the chemist takes a short-cut and turns plant material into "silk" without an intermediary. _ The mulberry leaf consumed by the silkworm contains cellulose, the principal raw material used in the manufacture of rayon. But the fibres of silk and rayon are quite different chemically. The chemist chooses the spruce tree and cotton plant as his source of highly purified cellulose. The silkworm ig also a chemist, but it changes cellulose into a filament that is chemically a pro- 'tein compound, extruding through two organs called spinnerets. This makes several important differ- ences in the end products. One is that silk © demands different dyes than rayon in -iorder to achieve best results. Another im- portant difference is that while nothing can be done to govern the size of fibres spun by the worm, rayon can be spun any de- sired size from filaments finer than silk to others more coarse than Likewise, chemicals can be used to modify or control the degrée of lustre or rayon yarn. SIR FREDERICK BANTING K.B. E. Recognized the world over as the scientist who made one of the most important discoveries of our times, the cure for diabetes, Sir Frederick Grant Banting, K.B.E., has given Canada reason for taking great pride in such a native son, a bene- factor to humanity, and a truly remarkable man, Born 47 years ago in Alliston, --{~ Ontario, Frederick Banting attend. ed the local public and high schools .. and passed on to the study of medi." cine 'at the University of Toronto. After graduation, he enlisted with the C. A. M. C, for service over- seas, was wounded at Cambrai, de- corated with the Military Cross. Following the war he entered the 'Sick Children's Hospital, Toronto, ag resident surgeon, shortly going to London, Ontario, Where he join. ed the staft of the University of Western Ontario, working with the Physiology Department, In 1921 the young scientist cane to Toronto. On May 16th of that year he began his epoch-making research into the internal secretion of the pancreas, experimenting with dogs and on himself. OSO000LEIEEEIEOINIIIIIIIIIIIEIIIIIIIN0IEIINI000] RL IR Epoch-Making Discovery - In March of 1922, the discovery was announced to the world of an extract obtained from the "islands" (special little groups of tissue) of the pancreas of animals which when {injected into a human being with diabetes would overcome faul- ty oxidization in the body (inabil ity to utilize starches and sugars) and cure the disease. Dr. Banting and his co-worker, C. H. Best, received tremendous ac claim throughout the world for thelr discovery. Dr. Banting was awarded with the Nobel Prize the following year, the youngest man to win it. He has since been hon- ored-by many medical and scién- tific bodies of this and other lands. During the past few years while he has'-been Professor of Medical Research at the University ot Tor- onto, Sir Frederick has interested himself in cardiac diseasés, cancer research, prev~ntion of silicdsis, a specific to cure infantile paralysis; he has investizated the qualities' of the roynl jelly of the giant bee, be- lieving: it might contain properties . capable of prolonging life." He has discovered ~any uses for insulin; - in a shock treatment for mental dis- eases; 'in cases of malnutrition;:in lessening the effects of infeetidus diseases. More and More Research "With regard to the search for a care for cancer, Sir Fréderick re- cently sald: "The solution of the cancer problem probably will not come by chance, but by further re- search, What is needed In the treatment | for cancer is a specific." Research "and mote rédearch Is .what he calls for. At present Dr, Banting Is Chair- man of tho Associate Committee on Medical 'Research of the National Research Council of Canada. This sumnier he plans to tour the Domin- fon from coast to coast, visiting each of the principal centres in turn to learn at first hand of the sclen- tific work in progress here, dulness of Electricity Trains Friends Ransom Noted Scientist Nazis Paid to Rel . Freud From Germany, eagres Reveal Dr. Sizmund Freud, the father of psychoansa'ysis, who has just established himself in London, was, in effect, ransomed from the Nazi Austrian authorities, it was learned last week. Through friends and colleagues of the 82-year-old scientist it be- came known that physicians, educators and men of wealth in- terested in obtaining the release of scientists held practically pris- oner in Austria have accumulated a substantial fund to facilitate their departure to other lands. This fund hes been used to as- sist many scientists out of Aus- tria, it was explained, and special efforts had been made in Dr. Freud's behalf, Just how much money was turned over to Aus- trian Nazis to obtain permission for Dr. Freud to leave the country could not be learned, nor to whom the money was actually paid. It was known, however, that the U.S, State Department was co-operat- ing in obtaining his release and that diplomatic representatives of the United States Government in Austria saw to it that Dr. Freud got safe passage across the Aus- triaa border. Mass Think Thinking Harms Britain Be Individual, Be Independent, Says Earl Baldwin Mechanized amusement, mech- anized reading and . mechanized thought says Earl Baldwin, consti- tute a danger in Great Britain to- day. The former prime minister, op- ening a community hall at Wilton, England, declared: "Our England has always been a country of in--~ dividuals, of individual thought, of individual work, of individual minds; and J pray God it may al- ways be so." Modern transport had increased the influence of the town on the -- country. The same films were seen, the same newspapers read, in town and country. "The danger of that," contend- ed Lord Baldwin, "is getting a kind of standardized, suburban, mechanized mind, and it is, in our view as Englishmen, the improper use of these media that in many countries today has enforced upon' the people a regimentation of thought which we believe, is a great danger for the future." Hoping the community hall would be a means of recreation and enlightenment, he warned: "be" yourselves of the old English countryside. Be your own pers formers for your own amuse- ment. Be yourselves, think your own thoughts, act, as you will; be individual, be independent." U Disordered Minds " Helps Epileptis; New Idea Is "ments on 157 Explained to Psychiatrists Meeting in San Francisco The use of electricity to train a disordered brain so that its im- pulses return to the mental path- ways of sanity was. suggested to the American Psychiatric Associa- tion, meeting at San Francisco last week. oe : -157 'Persons Treatéd This new_use for electricity has shown its possibilities in experi- epileptic persons conducted by Wilder Penfield, of McGill University, , and Edwin Boldrey of Montrdal. They use virtually the same kind of ex-- tremely 'mild electric current -~which is given off by the brain it- self. The brain currént is a series of electrical waves, represeftitig po- 'tentifls of a few millionths of a volt each, It flcws from a normal brain at the rate of about 10 waves a second. From the brdins of epileptics the electrical "pulse" is slower and hiore irregular, Locate Seat of Waves The McGill University" physi- cians located the seat of the epi- | leptic brain waves. Then they ap- plied a small electric stimulating current to the 'part of the héad nearest the epileptic centre. The electricity applied to these aréas caused mild attacks of epi- lepsy. They were not enough to cause unconsciousness. The pa- tients were able to give the doc- tors intelligent descriptions of their feelings. In this way it was ledrned that the brain disorders which cause epileptic attacks usually follow habitual pathways in gray matter, Epilepsy is thus shown to be part- ly a matter of the brain getting into bad habits in passing mess- ages to or from the nerves. of [=