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~ Brains Needed In Democracy Queen's Principal Declares Child. ren Must Learn How to Think Children must be taught to think for themselves if democracy is to survive, Dr..R. W. C. Wallace, prii- cipal of Queen's University, King- ston, Ont, told the American Wo men's Club, at Montreal last week, Children today must be taught to think {independently and express their convictions, rather than ac. cept as thelr views what they read or hear, sald Dr. Wallace. INDEPENDENT THOUGHT Democracy can be successful only through independent thinking, he suggested, It becomes a dictator- ship when the people let others do their.thinking for them, "Democracy. depends on you and me," he added. 'By that I do not mean that you and I need complete | knowledge -of-the intricate prob- lems with which governments have to contend, but we should know thoroughly those who represent us, We should have been inteiligent enough to have an opinion and courageous enough to express it even though it may be an opinion contrary to the majority." Diary-Keeping | Regains Favor Letter-Writing Also In Fashion Again In Britain Two Victorian habits have been | revived in Britain by the war: the keeping of diaries and lengthy cor- respondence. Stationers interview- ed by The Daily Telegraph in Lon- don report h twenty-five per cent rise in the demand for diaries foy 1940 over 1939, and nearly a fifty per cent rise in the demand for double-sheet ndte paper, whereas a single sheet or a card was suf- ficient for holographic commuri- cations a year ago. The latter vogue, the paper gays, will be received with joy by. - those persons who have "prattled about the lost art of letter writ- ing," but it dilates more extens- ively on the revival of the diary: * DIARIES WITH LOCKS "One interesting feature this season -is the request for diaries with locks. More books of this private nature have been sold.than "ever before, owing to the number of people now engaged on work of a confidential nature. : "While the pocket diary will al- ways be popular and required for the short note of appointments, it -- is the larger sizes that aré being bought in bigger numbers. "An important entry for the housewife already, appears in most diaries on Jan. 8; 'Official ra- . tioning of butter, bacon and ham, due to begin. Specify Ideal Ocean Airliner Dream Ship of Airways Company Will Do 5,000. Miles Non-stop, With 50 Passengers, 5000 Pay- Pounds Pan-American Airways, seeking an ideal plane for over-ocean op- "erations the year 'round across the North Atlantic, these specifications: General: 5,000 miles non-stop with 50 passengers and 5,000 pay- pounds, Speed 800 miles an hour at the "practical" cruising altitude of 15,000 feet, 337 miles an hour at the 'necessary. storm ceiling" of 25,200 deet--all against winds up to 50 miles an hour, Range: Measured on the 3,600- mile great circle distance between America and Europe, and allowing announces «for detour and reserve fuel, it "must be 5,000 miles. "© * ALAND PLANE? Rititude: With three-quarters of the ocean's nasty weather be- low' 15,000 feet, the ideal ship must range above that and up to 25,000 feet, Cabins would be + supercharged for 9,000 feet, the maximum altitude determined by the 'Harvard Fatigue Laboratory for humans wishing to avoid ill effects from lack of oxygen. - Judging by the industry's -ap- parent requirement of a round fuselage to seal a cabin for super- charging, and also by what seems today to be a high speed require- "mnt for commercial operation. this . dream ship will be a land plane. - : "Bounced 200 Feet Bounce, a small, black spaniel dog, of Niagara Falls, N.Y, has "lived up to his name, shaking. off, «without 'apparent injury, a 200- foot fall to the ice-packed gorge of the American falls near the itt Cave of the Winds, The dog, miss- 'ing from the home of its owner, Earl L. Whitford, for eight dayr, waa rescued when sightseers eaw . him frisking on the ice, . head-. NEWS PARADE Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, president of the Carnegie Endow- 'ment for International Peace, Jast week saw the conflict in Eur- ope assuming a definite shape. As 'the war 'came to the end of its sixth month, he was. able to pre- dict the developments 'likely: to manifest themselves during the - next few weeks: "The Allies will not attack on the Siegfried line, which is almost impregnable, so long as the present policy lasts. Neither will they violate the neu- trality of Luxembourg, Belgium or Switzerland to turn the Ger- man défences on the west, There- fore Hitler will be able to main. tain his position in the west with reduced forces, and turn his at- tention to taking -over Hungary and - Yugoslavia?" Russia's next sphere' of influence, he opined, would include eastern Rumania, Bulgaria -and Turkey. Should It- aly decide to enter this combin- ation as a third party, she would have to be satisfied with Dalma. tia and some form of protector- ate over Greece. To stop the Ger- man advance through the Balkans, port, and maintain in high effic- iency, their troops and materials throughout Albania, Macedonia, Rumania and Asia Minor, To Spread Or Not To Spread paper_ theorizes, East. Russians . . . Mystery Mission fairs, to Mussolini, berlain, Daladier. of Eurepe? Economic War the Allies would have to trans- According to the Ciano family newspaper, Italian higher-ups be- lieve that Allied 'military inaction on the Western Front is all to the advantage of = Germany -- spread of the conflict would help the Allies. Therefore, this news- the Allies are seeking a struggle with German forces in Scandinavia or the Near A Possibility" of a general Europ- ean conflict spreading to include Scandinavian nevertheless became more remote last week when Nor- way and Sweden definitely ruled out expeditionary aid to-the Finns in their death struggle with the they chese to re- main neutral at all costs . . . the eternal- oil triangle between Ru- mania, the Allies and Germany re- mained unsolved last week . . Rumania ordered military prepar- edness boosted to the utmost . i. Russia reported the Turkish army fully mobilized . + . the week's shipping losses at sea were the heaviest to date of the war; the Germans claimed 496 Allied and neutral vessels sunk in the past five months . , . German war- planes raided Britain's east coast . .. the crews of the Exeter and Ajax (who crippled. the Graf 'Spee) were: feted and decorated in London . . . Allied warships off the coast near Murmansk, Russia, sank two German vessels .. . Speeches by Chamberlain and Hit- ler presented the two nations' con- trasting' war aims . . . Great Bri- tain advanced a loan to Iran... An important development dyr- ing the week was the visit of Sumner Welles, -U. 8. Under-Sec- retary of State for, Foreign At- ler, Cham- His journeys were fraught with mystery, Was he in Europe on a peace mission? Whom "would he meet and talk with in Switzerland? What was in the personal messages from Presi- dent Roosevelt that could have a "bearing on the immediate future Declaring that modern war is no longer a fight merely between armies, but-in reality a struggle between manufacturers and shop- keepers on both sides, in which ex- ports were "the new British ex- peditionary force," R. 8. Hudson, British Secretary for Overseas MICKIE SAYS-- ROSES ARE RED, VIOLETS ARE BLUE, AND SO ARE \VE, WHEN "You Bou Renal) ; : -_--eA "the wells in the hills (bac to the Reich. "Flowing Gold" Vital to Germany's War Machine A view of a railway yard beside one of the many oil refineries in Rumania is seen above. The oil is piped down to the large tanks from rround) and refined and pumped into the tank cars on the sidings. Ruhania has ordered her already large military preparations speeded up, foRowing authoritative reports that Germany was challenging the governnignt's ban on ex of aviation gasoline ' Trade, last week prepared the Bri- tish public for further sacrifices in the new drive for world mark- ets . . . "Frankly," he said, "there will have to be further restrictions, In many cases they are bound to be drastic..." Puck Chasers TOPICS OF THE CURRENT HOCKEY SEASON °- OFFICIAL FINAL STANDING _ st. Catherines finished the Ont- ario Senior "A" schedule, this year 'with two wins over Port Colborne, defeating the Sallors 4-2 in Port . Colborne on Monday, February 19, and repeating thelr success with 3 2-1 decision over the Sailors in St. Catherines on Wednesday, Fob. 21. "Toronto Goodyears "defeated Var- sity 4-0 in their all-Toronto chal lengo game for the Dr. R. G. Jack- son Trophy. The game was played in ald of the Finnish Fund, and:ft drew 11,115 fans, the largest crowd to witness an amateur game in the Maple Leat Gardéns this season, Ofticlal final standing follows: P W L Pts, Gopdyears 29 26 4 60 St. Catherines 29 21 8 42 Port Colborne 29 19 10 38' 2 Hamilton 30.14 18 28 Niagara Falls = 27 6 21 12 Galt, 26 0 26 0 ARRANGE FOR PLAY-OFFS As soon asthe sem!-final serles is concluded in both brackets, the fin- al round between the two winning teams will get under way. The team with -the best rating in the final standing bas the choice of dates and of course tho advantage .of the extra home game. SIMPLE HOT BEDS A hot bed for starting garden ik early is usually 'prepared in early March, It consists of a bed of fresh manure, which supplies the heat, about 18 inches deep. "On this, two or three inches of fine soil is placed and after the bed has heated up and then cooled down again (a matter of three or four days) the seed is sown in rows a few inches apart, The bed "kis protected by rough boarding along the side and-on top, and slop- ing towards the South about 10 to 18 inches above the bed is plac. ed a window sash well glassed. | _' Gardening is a universal hobby "or recreation open to both sexes, to the old or young. 'A. spade or Gardening .... ns Seer vil a rake are all the_ tools necessary. Other equipment con- sists of a few packets of sceds, perhaps a shrub or two. As our interest develops we can add more plants and flowers. "Rules are simple to master, the ordinary Canadian seed catalogue supply. ing all the essential data. As we become more experienced we ean add to our garden library any of the many excellent government garden bulletins that are available in any province of Canada. sais e DOOR GARDENS In the -garden- at the kitchen door it is advisable of course to' keep a plentiful supply of salad materials like head and leaf let- tuce, onions and possibly celery. The latter is set out in the gavd- en as well started usually after all danger of frost is over. tE Turning Watch . Hands Backward Is Not Harmful To Your Timeplece Unless It Has Complicated Attachments Some books and articles state flatly that any watch may be set back as readily and harmlessly as- it may be set forward. While this is quite true of a great many watches, there are exceptions to the rule, For instance, watches with com- plicated attachment (such . as striking, chiming, alarm, or chroy- ograph attachménts) should not be set back, Such watches, of course, are quite rare, and the av- erage man-on-the-street would 'need no cautioning about turning the hands- of his wateh backward if a certain number of everyday watches were not included in the ban. } WATCH SECOND-HAND An easy way to tell if your watch is on the "should not" list is to look at the second hand when you set the watch. back. If the sec- ond hand hesitates, stops, or (in extreme cases) moves back, yours is a watch the hands of which should not be turned in a couni- 'er-clockwise direction. "Sitzkrieg" War The Royal Air Force last week was poking fun at Germany's fail- ure to wage a Blitzkrieg--light~ ning war--against Britain, In a memorandum pointing out that the Allies had obtained time to carry out their air development program, the R. A. F,, referred to the war as a ""Sifzkrieg", which is translated as "sit-down war." ~ VOICE OF THE PRESS - HOPE IT'S COMMON And next ygar Canada comes to : Its census, -- Brandon Sun. - -- FELLOW FEELING Any Canadian family MHviug over a bowling dlley would be able to sympathize with some of the smal. ler neutral countries fn Europo liv: ing beside a battlefield that may expand at any moment, -- Edmon- ton Journal. ONTARIO POTATOES There is one thing Ontario can- not boast about, and that {s the yield of potatoes, This Province has tho smallest out-turn per acre of any Province In Canada. Surely, it can't be the soil. -- Farmer's Ad- vocate, IN BETWEEN ELECTIONS Most of us show a certain ni interest in public affairs about el ection time and at other times wo remain indifferent, even though we know our indifference is costing us money. There are so many things to think about besides taxes, and "most of the other things are rove pleasant. -- Vancouver Province. KEYS IN CARS h Tho purpose of requiring drivers to remove their keys from tho 'gni- tion is not to protect the property of tho motorist, but to protect the public from the-use of stolen cars in other forms of crime aud to re- move temptation from youngsters who may graduate from tho steal: ing of cars to more serious offens. s. -- Toronto Telegram, OY IARL UTDOORS BY VIC BAKER The rivers of Southern Ontario are reported to be drying up par tially because the Luther Swamp area -- the natural reservolr of a number of rivers in Southwastern Ontarlo -- has been drained. Tho. Ontario Federation of Anglers is vi- tally interested in this project nd a committee under the leadership. _ of a well known conservation auth- ority, Dr. Norman K. Douglas, re- cently inspected the marsh and the drainage ditches.to see the possible effect on tho wildlife of that part ot Ontario. The following is culled - from their report, About a generation 'ago tunis swamp was drained Into tho Grand River for farm lands but the land, being a peat bog, has proven unsat- isfactory for agriculture. Here Na- ture's_ Jaws and schemes for flood control were Interfered with be- causo the swamp in its natural slato was almost a complete barrier, against floods, It actually held wat- er for deep seepage rather than let it go as flood water on a wild ram- page down fhe Grand River in the spring of the year, with its conse- quent devastation to agriculture, industry and game and fish life. Tho deep seepage water cmerged more slowly and more ur: rmly {nto the springs to mako-cool, even flowing streams the year round and to maintain a higher underground watertable. 'WANT AREA REFORESTED The Grand River Consegvation Commission, composed largely of representatives from the municipal ities throughout the Grand River Valley, has recently been organized to develop some scheme to prevent the damaging floods of spring, with its consequent water shortage In tho summer and fall, Their recom: mendation was to have two dams built, ono below Fergus and another at the main outlet of the swamp to restore the marsh to its natural state. The Fergus dam is already under construction while tho prov- 'fneldl government has promised to build the upper dam next s. mmer, The Ontario Federation of Avg- lerg have also recommended that _the Provincial Government have this area reiviestc" whero feastyle, and set apart as a wild life sanct- wary and Provincial Park.' Finland Uses Two Tongues Little Swedish Is Spoken But BI- lingual Signs Are Common Despite the fact that less than 10 per cent. of Finland's 8,800,000 peo- ple speak Swedish, the traveler in Suomi -- fnternationally known as Finland--{finds his way' pointed out to him by bilingual signs, If ho has mail from tho capital waiting for mark with "Helsinki" and. the Swedish "Helsingfory' at the top ' at ters will bear both the Finnish "Turku" and the Swedish "Abo." BOTH NAMES ON STAMPS Even in Lapland, bilingual signs persist on post offices and stoves. Swedish and Danish aro spoken in the Diet -- parliament -- at Helsin- ki. Stamps of the country bear, (he legend "Suomi" at the top anc Fin- lafid at the bottom, Maps show cit {es designated as both Viipurl and Viborg, Pori and Bjorneborg, Ham- eenlinna and Tavastehus, the latter alternatives boing Swedish, Dut in the north place names aro murked in Finnish only --- Utsjoki, Nautsi, Virtaniemi. Hydro's 13,000 New Customers Were Added Ouring Past Year Through Development of Northern Mining Inds try _ Development of the nortirern mining industry was responsible for an increase of 16 per cent. in the primary load of the Northern Out arfo Hydro-Electrie Power Commis. -slon, Premier Hepburn reported in his budget spesch In the Legislat- ure, ¢ . During the fiscal year to end March 3ist, more than 13,000 cus- tomers were added to existing dis- tricts, necessitating construction of 2,300 miles of primary lines. Spe- cial attention was also given to the serving of new rural territory in Northern Ontario. ors = 113,000 ALTOGETHER The Premier said tho commis- sion's. 18,000 "miles of rural lines serve about 113.000 customers, more than half of which represent sor- vieo to individual farns. mated 1,900 miles of primary line will be constructed at an expendi ture of about $4,600,000. Qt this amount the provinco will contribute $2,260,000. In addition to tho grant. fn-aid, the province has advanced to tho-Hydro Commission $320,060 to enable it to make loans to.farm- ers for wiring promises and obtaln- Ing electrical equipment, One way for home gardeners to make sure that enough vegetablés are grown to meet the family's needs is to write or sketch plans for the garden in advance of planting. him in Turku ft will bear a post: tho bottom. Aud his outgoing 'it- . New Wealth In Our Peat Moss B. C. Diggers Look For Big Year as German Supply Cut Off There's a million dollars waiting ~ to be dug up from the rich goll of the Fraser River delta -- but'don't grab your shovel and start off on a prospecting expedition, warns Stuart Underbil, Canadian Press staff writer. Only established companies are expected to enjoy tho current des mand for North American peat pro- uctg-brought about by thé fact that the Uaited States' main sources of supply in Europe have been cut oft by the war, U.S, IMPORTS MUCH Afiorican peat imports fn 1938 6x- ceeded $1,000,000 in value, about 50 - per cent, of which came from Ger. many, Now British Columbia peat companies are expanding produc. tion in hopes of cornering this rich market, 5 Peat moss is greatly in deri ad in United States agriculture as a soil conditioner, poultry litter and as a packing for plants and vege- tabled" BIG DEPOSITS II. CANADA Before it Is processed, peat is godden and the extraction of this moisture provides the biggest prob. lam for producers, Digging takes placo In late winter and a wet spring and sume: is just one of the hazards of the business, British Columbia probably has gone farther than any other prov- ince toward development of its peat moss industry, There are large de- posits on the. prairies and in the Maritime Provinces, but as yet lits tlo headway has been made in their development, 2 RE TE Add My Praise to ' Your Grand Tasting or the coming year it was esti-- Syrup LIFE'S LIKE THAT 9-14. 52a Neji REG'LAR FELLERS-- Stand-Up Strike By GENE BYRNES ETIMES z DONT INK ; daisaii . TEAR Sp pp A i