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od a ------ Ta Canada's Beaver In James Bay Area They Are Helping Our Industrious Nas ~tive Animal to Stage A Come- back The beaver, Canada's = best known animal, is making a strong ¢omeback on preserves in the James Bay area, according to a yecent report of an officer of the Department of Mines and Re- sources, Estimates place the aver populations of these sanctuaries in excess of 8,000 compared with 230 in 1988, when the first of the preserves was es- tablished. POPULATION OVER 8,000 Restoration of the beaver in the interests of the Indfan popu- lation has been made possible through the co-operation of the Hudson's Bay Company, the Do- minion Government, and the Quebec and Ontario Govern.' ments. The first of these sanc- tuaries was established in 1938 at Rupert's House, Quebec, where the Hudson's Bay Company leae- ed an area of 7,000 square miles for a fifteen-year period, A sur- vey of this preserve in the aut- umn of 1933 showed a beaver population of only 162, but with the Indians acting as game war- dens rather than trappers the beaver responded rapidly to the protection afforded them, .By 1936 the number of beaver in the preserve had increased to 1,044, and by the autumn of 1940 had reached 6,454. Trapping of the beaver in this preserve was start- ed in the 1939-40 season, when 500 were taken, and it is planned. to trap a similar number in 1940- 41, PLAN FURTHER EXTENSION The important work of restor- 'ing the -beaver will be further extended next spring as a result of the establishment of the Ka- pisko Beaver Preserve in Ontario, north of the mouth of the Al- bany River on James Bay.--Un- der an agreement between the Ontario. Government and the Hudson's Bay Company a large area has been set aside for five years as a beaver sanctuary. The Dominion Government is co-op- erating by permitting the Hud- son's Bay Company to stock this new sanctuary with adult beaver from Charlton Island, The Com- pany is to.assume control of the Kapisko Preserve, and when the beaver have increased sufficient- ly trapping privileges will be granted to Indians only. - Roosevelt's Envoy Harry Hopkins, confidant of President. Roosevelt and the last of the president's 1932 "brain trust," goes to London gs Presi- dent Roosevelt's - personal envoy to Prime Minister Churchill, Goose That Makes Friend of Sheep ' B., C.. Wild Bird. Follows Flock; Chooses to Remain In Thelr Company From Qualicum Beach on Van couver Island comes a story of a cackling goose = which made friends with a flock of sheep. According to the west coast mig- ratory bird officer of the Depart- ment of Mines and Resources, the goose recently alighted beside the shep and elected to remain in their company. It followed them about: as they grazed on the grassy slopes leading to the sea, and remained even when inter- ested spectators approached to "watch this unusual mssociation at close radge, It was the sheep which first hecamo nervous of an observer's approach and began to move away, After the goose was eft 'a short distance behind, It" would: take to wing and alight again in the shelter of the flock. The smallést of the Candda ose group, , the catkling goose abotit the same size ns the black brant. 'It nests in western Alas ka _migrates along :the coast to an its wintering i und in Saving Ontario's Natural Resources G, C. TONER Federation of Ontario Anglers i (NO. 25) MUSEUM EXHIBITS In" my article last week I told how the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology was developed with the aid of the collections of the University of Toronto and the Normal School," Other institu- tions and individuals contributed also to the growth of the R. O. M., Z. An important collection of Canadian material came from Dr, J. H., Garnier, a naturalist- physician of Lucknow, Ontario. This collection, received by the University of Toronto Museum in 1891, was especially rich in amphibians and reptiles, but con- tained some birds and mammals as well. Just last week I exam- ined some of the reptiles collect- ed by Dr, Garnier, in connection with work I am doing. This illus- trates how Important these old collections are to present day students for in his material are creatures now almost extinct in Ontario. Canadian Animals Preferred The Royal Canadian Institute was another important contribu- tor to the Royal Ontario Museum. This Institution was founded in 1849 and built up a collection of natural history objects which - were greatly increased in 1885 --when the amalgamation of the Natural History Society of To- ronto occurred. This society had a considerable collection of birds and mammals that were added to the. Museum of the Institute and the whole transferred to the R. 0. M. in 1924, In 1914 when the Royal On- _ tario Museum of Zoology was created the zoological collections were given- a gallery on the top floor of the original museum building on Bloor street, Toron- to, and the-staff started to build up the exhibits. In the selection to Canadian animals, although many exotics such as parrots, birds of paradise and foreign game birds were included, The exhibit, as finally assembled, in- cluded a fairly representative collection of the birds of Cana- da, a much less adequate repre- sentation of Canadian mammals and a very poor collection of fishes, amphibians, reptiles and invertebrates. It was soon found, that a public museum needed nore exhibits so taxidermists were em- ployed to add many animals to the mounted groups. Dr. E. M. Walker, now head. of the De- partment of Biology at the Uni- versity of Toronto, prepared a series. of exhibits of the inverte- brates, the insects, worms, spid- ers and other creatures of the waters and soils. Air-Conditioned Doghouse Made Now comes the air-conditioned doghouse. truck driver, spent $65 and three weeks of spare time building the canine cottage for a pair of hounds he expects to buy. Fea- tures of the house, which is four by three by four feet in dimen- sions, include plate glass wind- ows with eastern and northern exposure, a screened ventilator tower, walls insulated with rock wool, asbestoc shingles, and a porch. The windows can be tak- en out in summer and submitted for with screens and venetlan "blinds, says Mr. Worth, The Book Shelf "WORLD'S END" By Upton Sinclair "World's End" is the story of Lanny Budd, a young American, moving in the highest and most dangerous soclety in the Europe of only yesterday. The son of a beau- titul 'and impulsive woman and 8 powerful munitions-king, he was privileged to scenes of world events -- in Riv. fora villas, feudal castles, Parisian salons, and Thamesside manors, Sir Bas) Zaharoff's web; he took part in the Peace Conference and watched 'Woodrow Wilson try to 'remake the map of Europe; he learned through him of Soviet Rus- sla. dition, but- more than that it sum- marizes an era. It ls the intimate record -- told frequently in térms . a great world which fell victim to its own civilization and whose death march was the overture to a new world about to be born, "World's End" . . « by Upton Sinelalr . . . Toronto: MacMillan 'ornia, mainly in the BSacra- mento Valley. © : Company of Canada'. . . $3.00, of material, preference was given ' Canadian Engineers at Work in Britain - EE -Canadian troops who rallied to the side of the motherland are shown here in training somewhere in England. At TOP, Canadian engineers bridge across a river. 'are getting boats into position as the first step in the building of a BELOW, outposts in pneumatic boat keep watch while the bridge-building operation is carried on by comrades. In the event of the long-threatened invasion becoming reality, almost every bridge in certain sections of England would be demolished im- mediately. THE WAR-WEE K--Commentary on Current Events Milton Worth, Deal, N.J., fire - live behind the His path orossed 'the threads of | talked with Lincoln Steffens and. The story of Lanny Budd mades a novel in the great narrative tra. | of the reallife participants -- of * "We Americans are vitally + concerned in your defense of freedom . . . We shall send you, In ever-increasing num- bers, ships, planes, tanks, guns. This is our purpose and our pledge." At a moment "unprecedented in tho history ofthe Union," Presi- dent Roosevelt last week made his initia) address to the new seventy- seventh Congress of the United States in which he called for full material ald to the embattled de mocracies (Britain, Greece, China --but chiefly Britain), asked for "authority and funds" to produce more munitions and war supplies to be "leased-lent" to countries {fighting the Axis, . U. 8, Involvement Likely The face of the United States was now set in the direction of war. If Congress should grant the President's pleas, the U. S. rapldly would find itself on a war footing with increased chances of the na- tion becoming a belligerent. Speaking 'at the Univeralty of North Carolina, former U, 8. Am- bassador to France Willlam C. Bull itt declared that the United States in aiding Britain, Greece and China would be taking the risk of war, but, he said, "we know what the consequences of totalitarian vie- tory would be for us" -- there would be a tougher. war to fight} later. Sea Power, The Hub Bea power would continue to be the hub upon which the British cause revolved, Obviously active steps would have to be taken very goon to protect transport to Bri tain of American production, The United States would have, in some way, to furnish more trans-Atlantic shipping ald -- most likely through American naval escorts for con- voys. In all likelihood it would be accomplished by the division of the U. 8. Navy into three fleets--At- lantic, Pacitic and Asiatic--only one of which would be involved directly in alding Britain, Long War Likely The possibility strengthened dur- ing the week that the war would Roosevelt Asks Risk War For Democracies U. S. To -develop into a long one. A quick decision, an early end to the con- fiict could come In only two ways: through a' successful invasion. of England by Hitler -- but neutral military experts believed the odds were too heavily against him; through a negotiated peace -- but President Roosevelt such an eventuality as "nonsense." *. * Germany Takes Over As a potent factor in the war, Italy, by virtue of the sweeping British victories in North Africa and the Greek counter-attacks in Albania, would soon be 'out,' it was believed in most quarters last week, But quickly - as Italian military power was fading in the Mediter- ranean, just as swiftly were Ger- man strategists, diplomats, tech- nicians preparing to take over Italy's job of cleaning up on the Balkans, driving towards the Near East and Suez, Putting On The Screws ~ First, the Nazis sot going a gl- gantic propaganda movement in southeastern Europe, designed, ac- cording to New York Times' cor- respondent Gedye, to keep the populations of the Balkan states in a state of jitters. Then they sent troops by the hundreds of thousands to line practically every Balkan border -- from the Black Sea along the Bulgarlan border; up the Yugoslav frontier and con- centrated In the southern prov- inces of Rustria; along the Rus- slan frontlers of Rumania and In Hungary. Then they re-opened With increasing force their dlplomatic offensive against Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, to draw them into signing a pact with the 'Axis and permitting passage of troops down into Greece. Simultaneously, the Germans sent tanks into Albania to stem the Greek advance; poured thous. ands of troops Into Italy to be ready to take over should the Fas- cist regime of Mussolint fall, * Farmers Meet The éyes of the people of Ontario were fixed 'during the week upon I categorized -- two events of major political im. portance in the Dominion -- the Conference in Ottawa on the Row- ell-Sirols Report; and the meeting in London, Ontario, of Federal Min- {ster of AgricuHure Gardiner with Ontario farm representatives to confer on a minimum price for but ter. The formation of a non-partisan farmers' union under provincial government auspices was expected at an early date. (The Gov- ernment is alarmed about the situ- ation in Ontario, where farmers, resentful over the reduction of pric- es for hogs, butter, milk, cream and other products, are liquidating their herds and selling thelr breed- ing stock). No New Provinclal Taxes Good news for Ontarioans: In a New Year's message to The Wind: sor Star, Premier Mitchell F. Hep- burn declared that the best con- tribution to the war effort the province could make was to main- tain Ontario's sound financial posi tlon, At the same time he pledged that his budget for the fiscal year commencing April 1 next, would fnclude no new taxes, no increas- es in present taxation and no low- ering of existing taxation exemp- tions, Ontario-Born Artists' Show Paintings of Tom Thomson and Horatio Walker .Are Being Shown In a Special Exhibition at the Art Gal- tery of Toronto 'in January The Art Gallery of Toronto is featuring during the month of January special exhibitions of the paintings of Tom Thomson and Horatio Walker. These two men, both born in Ontario small towns, had very different carcers. Both started in commercial art houses in To- ronto and left them to devote all their time to painting.. Walk- er travelled in Kurope and the United States: Thomson stuck to Algonquin Park and the norta country. Walker settled on the Island of Orleans and painted the life of the habitants: Thomson did not bring people into his pic- tures but was always completely absorbed in nature, expressing "the- brilliant colour and forceful impact he felt in the Canadian wilderness. Both were self- taught but the influences affect- them, the friends they made, the artistic forces which moulded them, Were completely unrelated. . Walker painted in tne tradition- ~of- the Barbizon school -, while Thomson worked out a highly decorative and stylized form of expression all his own. Walker was one of the most successful painters in America and his can- vasses, many of them purchased in his lifetime, come to the ex- hibition from different sources, from public and private collect- jons in Washington, New York, Pittsburg, St. Louis and various Cadadian cities. He died at the age of 82 in 1938. Before his untimely death in 1917 Thomson was known only to a few artists, but his reputation has continued to grow until now there is no Canadian painter who is more universally admired. City of Caverns Old London, in these times, would "be fortunate if the city were constructed as Paris is, for the French capital is built largely of stone brought, not from far distant provinces, but from under the very ground on which it stands, Because of this, there is a ready- made underground city about one-tenth the size of Paris. One section of: this cave contains the Catacombs, where rest the bones of some six million. Another zone consists of vast layers of gypsum or plaster stone, The Quarry Service has cut into this sector tunnels which follow ac- curately the courses of the aven- ues .above, Ordance maps have been made of this system, show- ing springs, gallerles, rooms, arches, pillars and reinforcements. Had the government of France decided to defend the city, the people could have occupied this underground fortress and defied Hitler's bombers till Doomsday. VOICE OF THE GRIM HUMOR Perhaps It was a grim sense of humor which led the Department of National Revenue to choose Christmas Day for a statement about the 1941 income tax, and ad- vice on how to meet ita higher schedules, ~--Ottawa Journal, VO AGE LIMIT FOR GUNS Two boys aged 13 were out hunt- {ng near Sudbury, and one of them, who thought his rifle was empty, accidentally shot the other dead. There should be an age limit for carrylog guns, just as there is an ago limit for driving cars. --Stratford Beacon-Iferald. --Cr SHOULD DRESS FOR IT The arrival of sub-Arctic spells each Winter would not mean a thipg to us If we only had a little more foresight, For it Is a simpler matter to be comfortable in ex- tremes of cold than In extremes of heat, because heat is harder to get away from, As someone once .. put it--Iit is easier to warm vue- selt up than to cool oneself down, _ One veason why we do not ex- actly welcome our annual spells of below-zero weather is that we have not yet learned to dress properly. In the Northwest Ter ritories and in Siberia 50 below is not uncommon. Yet travelers toll us that people in those places suf- fer far less discomfort than we do when it is a mere five below, That is becauge thoy dress for it. Walking down 'the maln street of any Canadian city with the ther mometer registering minus 30, the average clty-bred Canadian looks pretty much like the average Lon- doner or New Yorker. Following the fashions sot elsewhere wo wear clothes never designed to ward oft the extremes of frigldity we know we must expect, --Winnipeg 'Tribune. Sleep. for | Months 1t You want to sleep all through the winter, run along to a speclal- {st and have your pituitary glands cut out. Men who have made glands their life study say that it is mero ly a lack of pituitary secretion which causes certain animals to hibernate through the dark months, and that if they--are given Injec- tions of pituitary extract they would wake up and becomo live- ly. All experiments so far have been conducted on hibernating ani- mals, and It Is not known for cer- tain whether the same effect would be produced on human beings suf- tering from sleepy sickness. &t {s thought unlikely, for this sickness is the result of a germ. Pituitary exlracts, however, have worked wonders for people who aro un- nat .rally sluggish and find it dif ticult to concentrate. ' t 2s Leer FS BER HEA eA Cote: Canada's No. 1 Athlete Quebec Marathon Runner Wins Official Award Made By Board of Prominent Sportsmen -- Norah Mec Carthy, Figure Skater, Sec- ond Gerard Cote, one of the great- est marathon runners ever de- veloped in North America, was announced as winner of the. Lou E. Marsh Memorial Trophy, awarded annually to the out- standing Canadian athlete, male or female, picked by a board of prominent Canadian sportsmen, NOT CANADIAN CHAMPION The 27-year-old St. Hyacinthe, Que, runner was only beaten once in 1940 and his other vic- tories over-balanced that one de- feat -- in the Canadian cham- pionship marathon at Toronto, His methods of, training, his al- most unparallelled stamina and, through all his triumphs, his mo- desty made him almost unani- mous choi:¢ of the board of se- lection, : Runner-up was Norah McCar- thy of North Bay, Ont, and Ot- tawa, who early this year de- throned Mary Rose Thacker of Winnipeg as Canadian figure. skating champion, . So Cote joins that illustrious group of Caladian athletes who each year since 1936 have been chosen as recipients of the award commemorating the late Lou ¥. Marsh, former Toronto Star sports editor and widely-read columnist. WEIGHS ONLY 1256 POUNDS First winner, in 1936, .was Dr. Phil Edwards, Canadian Olympic runner in 1932 and 1936. Other winners were: Bob Pearce, Ham- ilton, Ont., sculler, 1937; Marshal Cleland, Toronto horseman and equine authority, 1938; and Bob Pirie, swimmer, formerly of To- ronte, 1939, The little he is less than five feet, five inches tall and weighs about 1235 pounds--was knewm--mainly by name only when he 'won the Bos- ton Marathon early last summer, Snake Tannery Bnakes from many parts of the world go up the Thames in Eng- land to a tannery near London Bridge as a'raw material for a bus- fness which Is thriving in splte of vr. Reptile skins, tanned, dyed and polished, sail across the North _ Sea and eventually become hand- bags, shoes and belts for the fash- lonable women of Sweden and her neutral neighbor countries, More than 1,000,000 snake and lizard sking reach the factory in.a-year. Germany, one of the chief reptile skin tanning|countrles, has been cut oft from supplies, and the Bri tish business with Scandanavian countries has notably increased. LIFE'S LIKE THAT ~~ 7. fe ha EE - . By Fred Neher N > 2 (Ooprrieay 1008, by Fred "IE 1 Jet you on with this load will'you pay for the sprin . if it breaks? | I" y= Pring . REG'LAR FELLERS -- For Emergencies Only ° 0 \ By GENE BYRNES ° No RAVE Pz "2% aa ER EST iE BB a (fe French-Canadian--""