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A St x Cue A --- SSA < < = ey Ye Sn A in) 2 i Ssh ~~, pt rs = x Se 5% \ NE a A PLEASE SNL RULER World Couldn't Without " Earthworms Do you realize that the wornyis far j He important t6 the world than man? If human life suddenly left th, world it would still be a fertile speck in the Universe, and a million years later visitors from another planct would "find it stil rich and fertile. But _ without worms the world would be as dead and as unproduc- tive as the Sahara Dexert. Withont worms the earth would become no more than 4 ball of baked dust and man would cease to exist. Practically the whole of our food is grown m the top twelve inches of soil and it is in this space that the worm works. It "makes" soil by eating leaves, 4wigs, and other vegetable matter, and Icaves behind it --manure. Darwin sid that man average acre otf land there were approximate Jy 53,000 worms. This number, mul: tiplicd by the number of cultivated acre on England, makes, in the course of one year, 320,000 000 tons of rich soil. . Actually, Darwin underestimated. According to modern fipures an acre of average soil 500,000 worms, and in the same amount of sich soil there are 1,750,000 worms. So if Darwm's estimate of the soil produced by 53,000 worms is cor- rect, the amount actually "made", using the new - figures, is from 3,- 000,000,000 tons to 10,000,000,000 tons every year. New Top Soil contains Worms break down the hard sol surface by eating all sorts of vegel: able matter and soil; then excrete it in the form of castings. This is the richest soil in the world and in Brit ain covers the whole countryside to a depth of three inches very fifteen Years. This is easy work compared to what worms do in parts of Africa, Bobby Sox pe "But I can't go out with Alvin tonight! Ie doesn't go with this outfit!" [avs where, bemyg so numerous, they bring to the surface every scrap of soil to a depth of two feet every twenty-seven years, so that without ploughing--and huge arcas of Africa have never yet known the plough--the soil is kept sweet and rich. Next time you visit any ruins, not- ice how the base of the walls and th- sides of the masonry are partly cov: ered cover by soil. This is the work of the worms, who, if left alone, would continue until the whole of the ruins were hidden beneath, the ground. J There is the case of a Roman city in Shropshire, lost for centuries. One day a scientist noticed a patch of Jand which un 'ulated queerly, and particularly where the crops were more than usually heavy. He started excavations and foimd not only the ruins of the missing city but the skeletons of several men who had fallen while defending their homes. The worms had raised the surface of the soil more than three feet above the top of the highest wall. . Nile Valley Secret The Nile Valley is another examp of worms' work. Since the beginn- ing of recorded time the Nile Valley has been famed for its rich and pro- ductive soil. Scientists now know the secret. When in flood the waters wash down from the high altitudes immense quantities of decaying: or- ganic matter. Worms breed in count: less millions along the banksy waiting for the store of food left there when - 'the waters recede. This they cat and the final result is 'some of the rich- est soil in the world. ; If 'it were possible to take worms to the Sahara Desert, that vast ded ™ Ap could be converted into arable Jand within a life time. Unfortunate: ly worms do not thrive in hot, dry climates, so the scheme is impractic- "able. Dr. Thomas Barrett, the American scientist, is at present working on the problem of stopping the terrible sion by wind and water _of vast eas of the, world. The_nototious st Bowl of America is one place, ustralia is another, where the ele Mcnts have combined to destroy the il: He believes that worms in suf- eiznt quartiles capld not only stop _eroslon but could build up few 'goil faster thai €ihér Wind or rain Gould destroy it, ") Artist and Woodworker Combined--\Vood carving--combin- mg utility with beauty of design and finish--is just one of the many types of modern craftsmanship. dealt with in an interest- mg National Film Beard--picture "Craftsmen at Work". "Craftsmen at Work" It is not so many years ago now that handicrafts were regarded "as a dying art, and practised only in remote parts of the country. But, I adicrafts are on the upswing to- day, and interest 1s so keen (hat schools are establishing courses of instruction in the 'very arts and critfts which. wére ignored or lanyh- ed at not so long ago. ' Recently produced is a film, en- titled "Craftsmen at Work" now being shown on the National Film Board's rural film programs in Ont- ario. ' J RA . Perhaps the most interesting fea- ture of the film is the sequence de- voted to one of the new "Crafts Centres", where Nova Scotia stud- ents have the opportunity each sum- mer of attending four week courses mm handicraft instruction. The type of course given provides cogent rea- sons for the continuing popularity and high standards of craftsman- ship there. 0 Jut handicraft instruction has little merit if there are no opportuni- tics for the artist ia display his wares. Therefore the film takes in a "Craftsmen at Work Lxhibition™ where the products of many types of skill are on display, including pottery, weaving and carving. The commentator points out how the landscape, birds and marine life have been combined with modern mo.ives to produce the inspirations for the designs, * * * The film turns here to, the pro- cesses by which the handicrafts are turned out One very interesting scene shows bark being collected and Boiled to yield a natural dye for homespun wool. Finally, there are views of child- ren whe are training in their spare time to wood carvers. Their dirst work is done in soap, and, when they have become protici- ent in this type of modelling, they "pass" into Mhe professional class where they are allowed to use their hammers and chisels on wood. become ..THE GREEN THUMB... / Annual Flowers - One of the satisfying things about gardening is that one can spend as little (nergy or money as one wishes. There is <cope for the most, claborate plan - ning and designs, for 'an immense amouht of exer- cise if one feels that way. On the other hand if time or health are limi- ted, or if one feels Iike loafing, then one can have a garden to suit that mood, too. One cannot say "that a small flower garden is' less beautiful than a large one. : Ty Even though your JLarden is planted to shrubbery and peren- nials, a scction entirely devoted to annuals is del zhtful. It should he planned with the same care you give to your perennial beds and it must be sunny a good share of the day, for 10st annuals lave sunc<hine. Your annual garden might be made to divide the lawn from the vegetable garden, perhaps follow- ing the border of the [backyard where clothes are hung out to dry. Gay annual border are sometimes made along a walk through the ve- & table garden, or even flank the - food garden on both sides. Planting Plan With your planting plan sketch- . cd on paper, study out by means 'By Gordon L. Smith i «. your seed catalogue where cach favorite is to go. You arc painting a picture with flowers and foliage. Bont let yourself fall for those "surprise packets" of annual' sceds where you broadcast the sced and get a hodgepodge. of you-don't- know-what. They are all right for an adveriture, but-have no place in --a well designed garden. | Ble k into your plans some low- growing annuals in front, tall ones "in the rear--or if your paths go on both side of a plot, the tall ones go in the center and low on cach "font." Ha 1g made a 'list of fa- vorites _.r "musts" according to height, notice the habits of growth. Some are upright, like dahlias and giant. zinnias. Others are spread- ing and "bushy like most of the French marigolds, the , etunias, and tlie portulacas, } "Color Masses . Tall plants on single stems that may nced staking should be shel- tered by bushy plants that help hide the stakes. Coarse foliage ough' to be relieved by more fern- like foliage. (A skill with this kind of arrangement comes with experi- cence and cannot: he achieved en- tirely by a study of the catalogucs, but should be sought in planning.) Finally, your planting plan should cnable you to block in your colors as you "ant them. In general,.work with masses--that is, several plants of the came kind in a group, rather than one plant. of one: kind next to one plant of another. By Hershberger (A | / - the best despite his back-slapping Converted Back Slapper ROY V. PRICE Pop's suit certamly looked ifs seven years drooped on his tall form, making him look older than: his 59 years. His wife put her arms arou 'd his neck like a girl, "Now don't you worry about a younzer man taking your job," she saul "There's always an opening for a good advertising salesman, dear.' Pop patted hor check and kissed her. He forced his® most ¢ieerinl manner, but somehow he knew he- wasn't fooling her, "AIP these young upstarts use the seme approach on everybody. slapping and hearty handshakes! Not one of them has a real knowl- édge of he service selling. Not one of them has a deep appreciation for the psychological make-up-of an in- dividual he happens to be facing.® Jack- . Pop left the bus, as usuval, several blocks before he readred the office and walked through the park with an agility that proved he was more than strong enough to be an active s.lesman. But his brow was fur rowed. He'd have a terrible time finding _any job anywhere 'at his age! He was already breaking under the ravages of the pace he'd set for himself -- a pace to outstrip all Pop thought it best not to take the initiative, but encouraged Here- ford to talk. th © _otlic) <alesmen, especially Brown, who was looked up to as t. hnique. "Good morning, familiar voice. "Hello, Reckless!" Pop: called to the youngster. i "Lookit this dive bomber! Made it Pop," came a myself." Their talk about dive bombers stopped when Reckless fixed his books under his rms and glanced' around, "Say, Pop, here comes Dad!" When the boy's father came up, hé was greeted with, "Dad! This is Pop. He helped me when 1 fell off my bicycle." i R The men completed the introduc- tion and shook hands. During the next -few moments, Pop sized up the man. Very sensitive. At the office. the boss delivered a, pep talk to his sales force. "We've been trying for the better part of two years to get the Hereford ac count. So far none of you has ever got inside his office. Brown, you were top man last month by a wide margin, And Pop, you've had more experierce than any five combined, I want you and Brown to see what y can do about the account. You know what it will mean torthe man who brings it inl" ently waiting, along with a dozen or more persons, to see Hereford. * ddenly the outer door opened and in barged Brown with a package under his arm. Instead of taking his place in line and waiting, he "strutted right up to the girl at the desk. . hope they're as delicious as you look," Smiling, Brawn handed her a box of candy. =e "By the way, I wonder if | might see Mr. Hereford for a minute?" "Go right in, Mr. Brown," she said, wrinkhng her nose at him. Pop's « in was resting in his cupped hands as he wondered about his future and he didn't see Brown leaving rather briskly. Pop could al- ready see Brown with the contract. Suddenly to his surprise he heard his name called. Entering Here- ford's office, Pop thought he had never scen a more irritable-looking man. "Well! Hereford barked. Then he recognized Pop. This was one time Pop, thought it best not to take the initiative, but encouraged Hereford to talk. "Some high-pressure salesman forced his way into my office and tried to.ram a hill of goods down ry throat." up!" Next pay day, Pop's wife was waiting for him on arms around his neck, slapping his back. "That increase "in salary proves it!" "Aw, honey, it was nothing," Pop grinned, "but certainly don't mind the hack-slapping technique when you administer it." The End Crew of Lightship - Lead Lonely Lives The word "lurcher", according to Webster's dictionary, means "one who, or that which, lurches or lics in wait ; one who watches to.pilier, or to betray or entrap". Kurclier Shoals arc thus well named. They. are ledg- es which lie a few et under "he surface, 18 or 20 miles from ar- "month, near the mouth of the Bay of Fundy. oy : ; At that spot, the conflict of tide, rock and wind churns the water furi- ously. Few stretchés in the world are so rough. And few would le so dangerous to navigation, were it not for the Lurcher lightship. She stands guard over the shoals, tethered 10 a 7000-pound anchor by 180 fathoms of gigantic steel chain. When she first went to her station, soon after the turn of the century, it was commaon- ly 'supposed 'that nobody would be fond to serve ahoard her, and there was talk in Parliament -of manning the craft with convicts. K As it turned out, this was not r.ecessary, but her crew have a grim and lonely life. This is not made For an hour Pop had been pati- Iwi my' compliments, and 1. [Hereford wiped his, perspiring forchead. "I was burned the porch." "Didn't I tel) you so?" throwing her . Tea-by Pound, Slab or Brick EE Tea, next to water, has become the world's principal, as well as its cheapest beverage, and the story of this commodity is a romantic one. According to Chinese legend, the virtues of tea were discovered by the Emperor Chinnung in 2737 B.C. One day while boiling his drinking water, a few' leaves from the branches: that were crackling beneath the pot fell into the water, imparting to it a delicate and exquisite aroma. In- vestigation revealed that the branches were those of the wild tea plant. It is an established fact that the habit of tea-drinking first evolved among the "Chinese, and from China a knowledge of tea carried into Japan. Strangely enough, although many of China's products were known and used in Fiurope much earlier, no reference to tea has vet been traced in Europe: an literature prior to 1588. Luxury For Wealthy \ Early in the_17th century Dutch adventurers, ow their return from the East, introduced tea-drinking into Europe but not till the middle of that cenury did the English begin to use tea, and for many years it was a luxury possible only for the wealthy. . As its use incredsed the British experimented with tea cul . tivation in India, using sced brought from China, but the discovery. by Major Robert Bruce in 1823 of tea plants growing~wild in Assam really marks the birth of the Indian tea industry. In January of 1839 a first consignment of eight chests of tea from India wassauctioned in- Lon- don, selling at prices ranging from _sixteen to thirty-four Shillings a pound. The tea industry in India developed and spread to other dis- tricts in the north-cast and in the South of India so that today India has more than 800,000 acres under tea, with an annual production of over 550,000,000 pounds. Enter Romance And here 1s where romance enters; Early in the 19th century the "China Clipper," a typé of vessel specially any easicr by the rolling ano pitch ing of "the battered ship, which is barrel-shaped and boasts few mod- ern conveniences. In Winter, supplies . cach her only once a month--and somctimes not that often. Her drinking water gets low, her officers and men are fre quently reduced to eating salt meat, and they have to fall back on their © own resdurces for entertainment. Yet they go along year after. year, keep- ing the foghorn and the light and - the boilers in condition, and taking bearings daily. Since the Lurcher, lightship has been on-duty, the bLurd ~ cher. Shoals have not claimed one victim, although formerly they had a reputation like that of Sable Island, the graveyard of the Atlantic. Now the Lurcher lightship, which is half a century old, is to bie replaced by a new vessel which will cost re: ported $830,000. - Mariners wha have. known the old Lurcher lightship for years will feel as though they are losing a lifelong friend when she is taken away to the scrap yard. But her successor. will be safer, better, and will offer a more comfortable life to the veteran crew. designed for rapid carrying of tea from China to England via the Cape of Good Hope was introduced. Com- petition was keen as to which ship should make the most rapid passage. The most celebrated of all tea races, and one of the last, was that of 1866 when"three of nine ships that sailed from Foochow almast simultancous: ly, made the long voyage of 16,000 miles in 'ninety-one days, all dock: ing in London on the same day, within two hours of each other. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 soon changed the course of all trade -with the Last, and in a few yéars this method of transporting tea round the Cape of Good Hope was a thing of the past. Romance was no more, - Favorite Beverage The jemigrants from the British Isles who peopled the Doniinions took "their taste for tea with them and it flourished as strongly across the ocean as it did at home. In Canada, tea was included in the carly shipments, in the 18th centuiy, made by the Hudson's Bay Conv pany to their forts and posts. Tea became, as it remained, the {avorie beverage in Canadian homes, as well as the standby of the trappers and hunters of the Far North, from whom the Eskimos derived a taste for tea which makes them amongsi the world's greatest tea-drinkers, You Will Enioy Siang & The $1. Regis Hotel FORONTO Ever) Hoom With tub Untb, Shower and [elephone @ Sinzle, $3.60 und ap-- Dauhle, 8480 ap @ Uood Food. Dining eno UVancing Nightly | : : Sherbourne al Carlton Fel RA 4138 ROOMS BEAUTIFULLY FURNISHED $1.50 up i COMMON' or de LLI VN 8% Bye) d: _ THROAT RUB IT WwW 4 Just heat and rub in INARD'S, and note the uick relief you get. reaseless, fast-drying, no strong or unpleasant odor, LARGE -Get a, bottle today; keep, ECONOMICAL it handy. : size 65¢c 15-46 : 4 3 A B > oh or & VA AE envy. \ a Council of Boys' Town, Welland, meets in the city council chambers with complete dignity and decorum, to administer plans for tasks which train the lads in various aspects of good citi- zenship. Youngsters have taken to their responsibilities with enthusiasm grownups might JITTER JITTER LIKES TO RIDE HIS PORK CHOPS -- INSTEAD OF EATING THEM. WE HAPPENED TO BE IN THE "LINE OF, FIRE" AT DINNERTIME . a ---- a ot