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% vo, R rn Sarre A EAA SI 3s In 5 * PHOTOGENIC -- Making Friends On A Jungle Road The first people 1 saw in igeria had come out of a bus. he bus had its name painted on #t ... and it was in a ditch by the side of the road with a creep- or of bright red flower tangled in the bundles tied to the lug- gage rack. The passengers were recattered in cheerful family 4 groups over the road. Some of them had their cooking pots and were frying up the bananas and' stew they had carried with them, gome of the men were chatting together, and several had settled themselves comfortably to sleep. Everybody seemed pleased to see our car, and one of the cook- ing women pressed a banana on me. The bus would be there two hours, three hours, or perhaps a day cor so, she said. It depended on when the men from Mamfe came to drag it out of the ditch. We tried to edge past the bus-- carefully--because we had scen further back the burnt-out wreck of a lorry which had got too "close to the side of the road, and rolled over into the trees down the bank. Several of the bus. bank, testing did, pushing at our wheels, and telling us to an inch how near the ditch we could go. We were on our way from Bamenda in the Cameroons to Calabar in East Nigeria. Mostly we had travelled on the worst road I had ever seen. It was nar- row and twisting, and open to one way traffic. only, the direc- tion of the traffic changing on alternate davs. During the Rains one day each week was reserved by the Public Works Depatt- ment for running repairs. But even 50 the ruts in the road were deep enough to make ordinary, English * sedan cars stick with 'their wheels hopelessly turning inches above the hard surface. The cars that can manage these roads are Continental, American, or best of all, long wheel-based Land Rovers with four wheel ~~ drives to get them out of the worst mud patches. In a French car we got through, but at the end of the journey our exhaust pipe had been knocked off and was tied to the roof-rack and we 'had also stuck four times be- tween Mamfe and Calabar. But this did not matter much because even the empptiest bit of jungle miraculously produced a crowd to help push us out. . . . It was a good way of com- ing into Nigeria. For most of the journey the road was a narrow track through . very dark, very dense forest with tall straight trees, almost branchless, but pound hippo, gives out with a lilly, a 450- "of people within a minute or so with festoons of creeper hanging from them. Evérything was trys ing to push its way up into the sun above tree level, and after a time I wanted to see the sun too. .. . Very occasionally there was colour in the dark green . .. flame-coloured flowers, or leaves striped with white, . . , But nothing worse than stick- ing in the mud happened to us, and the machets we saw were-all waved at us in the most friendly way.--From "Nigeria: Newest Nation," by Lois Mitchison |p Hide All Your Shiny Articles ! People who visit a large os- trich farm in South Africa are usually asked by officials to hide all shiny articles they may have brought with them. This is because ostriches might otherwise gobble them up. Os- triches are used to swallowing bright pebbles which help them digest their normal food and they find visitors' rings, brac- elets, watches, buttons and spec- tators irresistible. While in the Kalahari desert of South Africa, traveller and novelist William J. Makin re- ported that twenty large and small diamonds were found in the stomach of one ostrich which 'had been allowed to wander freely with his companions over the diamond fields. Me. Makin reported that the ostriches often swallowed dia- monds to assist their digestion, preferring the gems because of their hardness or because they were naturally attracted by their brilliance in the sand. The South African government' claimed that since the ostriches had taken the diamonds from the fields, they were the prop- erty of the state. A large number of coins weigh- ing more than four pcunds and worth $10 were found in the stomach cf an ostrich which died in the Bucnos Aires zoo. And a "London Zoo ostrich's stomach yielded two shillings' worth of coppers; a-bangle, several plgggs of silver;--jewellery, glass &a watch-chain and a glove, as well as smaller articles. Ostriches still give us many everyday articles. Their tough leathery skins are made into handbags, shoes, wallets, belts, gloves and even Bible and other book - covers. And their bones, when milled, In fact, South African breeders pride themselves on using ev- ery part of their birds, except, their brains. . Gaiety girls, flaunting gor- geous ostrich plumes, created huge business for ostrich farms in Edwardian days, and feathers fetched prices as high as $500 a pound, which often worled out at $750 "a feather. Nearly a million ostriches were tarmed in one distriet alone. But to-day, the feather price has slumped to below $30 a pound, "17 and the "same district supports- no more than 50,000 birds. When fully grown an ostrich could easily beat champion run- ner Herb Elliott. Within seconds the bird can reach 40 'm.p.h. and keep it up. A single kick from an ostrich could kill a man, Curiously, the "male ostrich, though ill tempered and resent- ful of humans, is. thoroughly "17 doniesticated:- Under-the-female's - eye, he builds the nest and sits . on the eggs for the first five days. . After that, the female sits by day and father by night. That "goes on for forty-two days, until the eggs are hatched. heap of no expression. The ani- Orators "in. Grandpop's day mal was sold by the New |" used to say that history is at the York Central Park Zoo to a | crossroads. Now we're at a circus. cloverleaf. 9. yn god 30. Dggree CROSSWORD: "fii ™ hii h-54 Three 31. Worthless Musketeers" leavin PUZZLE = pier tbe 4. Chancellor's 33. Malling card nm office _.34i Separate _ - ACROSS 2, Place rubbed 16. Quill for 35. Irrigate 1. Dry out } winding silk 37. Balloon ' Bishop's 8. Chess plece 20. Satisfied basket "Jurisdiction 4. Boat for 21. Nothing 39. Final 1. Wife of cari'ving 22. Merry 40. Jargon "Abraham freight 23. Holds _ 42, By way of 12. Constellation 8. Dine 4. Youth 43. Sound-of 13 Reckon 6. High railway 26, Refuse wool cattle | 16. Gdod-luck (ab.) 27. Existence 44. Brownle : object- 1. Fit 20. Affectedly 46. Myself 17. Hurry 8. Malt llquor shy 47. That thing ; 18. Exclamation [7 19, Pack 20. Anchor tackle, 21. And not 22. Swallow quickly 23. Study 34 Memorandum 26. Land measure ' 26, Hide 28, Pronoun 29. Maintain 80. Perform 82. Wobbles 33. By 34. Absent : 36. Some cose $7. Expense +388, Shallow yesse 30. Ignited 40. Throw swallow. | 45, Forgiveness 48, Black cuckoo 49, Deal with 3 Small ¢hild 81. Fr.articls DOWN 1. American unele \ ut Answer elsewhree on this page £34 . . [EI "vious year. yield a good-quality "bone meat: --- |" Bénnett stated. ~~ | The greatest increase in Choice ~~ December -1,- | Sive-year Lent... PR hr HIS OWN RACCOON HAT -- Sleddy Reynolds, 10, wears = % his live racoon hat, "Gordy." His parents were performers at a Sports- men's Show. - THE FARM FRONT Domestic disappearance of beel cattle, averaging 38,700 head weekly in 1960, set an all-time record "for Canada, reported Ralph K. Bennett, Canada De- partment of Agriculture. He said the long-term -piciure of the industry "can hardly be anything but bright." n Total marketings* in 1960 of 2,465,000 head were nearly seven per cent higher than in the pre- Alberta: accounted for 33 per cent of the total out- s put, 'Ontario 30 per cent and Saskatchewan 19 per cent. : Inspected slaughter of cattle totaled 1,942,000 head, an in- crease of 11 per cent over 1959. 1 * * . PO i the marketings of Choice grade cattle, he pointed. out. In 1960 the weekly average -was nearly 11,900 carcasses, or 32 per cent of the total kill. Mr. Bennett called this figure startling when compared with 2,450 Choice grade carcasses, or 11.1 per cent of the kill ten: years ago. * * * The increase in Choice grade reflects the improvement in cat- tle and growth of the cattle feeding industry in Canada, Mr. and Good grade cattle during 1960 has taken place in Alberta, where marketings totaled 430,000 head, about 55 per cent of"total deliveries. y 3 + + - He said that huinan popula- tion in Canada was climbing steadily but cattle numbers had not increased much in the past five years. The cattle total on 100 million. Last December 1, it stood at 10.9 million, an in- crease in five years of nine per cent or an average of 1.8 per cent per year. During the same 1 period, the. human population rose from 15.7 mil- lion to 18 million, a 13.5 per cent boost, or an average vearly gain --of 2.7 per cent. - * Ld 4 . Predominantly, Canadian cat- tlemen were on an export econ- omy with their fortunes linked very closely to those of Ameri- can cattlemen. In 1960 Canadian cattle exports to the United States were about 10 per cent of total marketings -- much ess than the 655,000 live cattle and - 53 million pounds of beef ship- ped in the pcak year of 1958. That shipment was the equiva lent of' 760,000 cettle or 28 per cent of the total marketing: for 1958. od * * © He noted a decreasing supply of boneless beef and an ever-in- creasing demand for this pro- duct. : A decrease in the number of dairy cows in the past 25 years had meant fewer canners and cutters for slaughter. "M" grade carcasses in the 1960 inspected kill totaled 218,000 or 11 per Artificial insemination was re- ~------t--ducing - the- number of bulls in. Canada, In 1960 the number of" carcasses in the "C" grade to- taled 63,013 or a little more than three per cent. The 1948-51 aver- age was approximately five per cent. . : _ JE L * Cattle prices at the year's vnd, he said, were "about $25 for Yi There was a. dramatic -rise in 1955; -was almost - . --_-- ho h {24 oT Choice -steers in Toronto and $23 for the same grade at Cal- gary." . The potential capacity to pro- duce on the North American continent was still tied basically to the carrying capacity of the Western rangelands. - Grass was a limiting factor because "every piece of beef starts out as a calf and cow on grass." Analysis of two significant facts in the beef cattle industry --the limitations of grazing lands, and the growing demand for beef arising from the rapid growth in human population-- indicated a basically favorable . situation. * *. . "There wera 6,764,108 hogs | graded: in 1960, a drop of 1,804,- 021 from the near-record 8,368,- 217 carcasses graded the previ- ous year. - Canada Department of Agii- culture figures show that on-a national scale 30.5 peil' cent were Grade A. It was the highest per- centage of Grade A's since 1931 when the figure stood at 31.3 per cent. In 1959, the percentage of carcasses grade A was 29.5 per cent. . * TE Elgin Senn, chief cof the grad- 'ing %ection, Livestcck Division, said that the percentage of Grade A's has risen slightly each year - since, 1954. ~In 1946 the percentage of Grade A hog carcasses rose to an unprecedented 32.4 per cent, In 1954 it fell to 26, per cent. Mr. Senn states one fagtor may have influenced the picture in 1960. "It's the" first full year we've had since A and B grades ~were altered on October 5, 1959," he said. "At that time the migi- mum weight for Grade A hogs was drepped five pounds shile the back fat measurements were tightened slightly." In any case, the number of car. casses graded A is increasing slowly and with the change in the payment of the Federal Gov- ernment premiums from $2.00 on A and $1.00 on B grade to $300 on A grade, a further improve- ment in 1961 ig, anticipated. "MOST EMBARRASSING - blonde, ¢ In Miami, Florida, freckled Marjorie Curry from Washington, D.C., bought a new bathing suit, wore it in the water and sued the store for $5000. The reason: The suit got so transparent when wet, claimed Mar jcrie. that people could count all of her freckles, causing her "embarrassment and humilia- tion." Where the proneer once blazed the trail. his descendants now burn up the road. Upsidedown to Prevent Pecking o 7 Relics Revealed By The Plough On a windy hillside In this delectable county of Sussex, a handful of vacationers soon will be-spending their time trying to find out a little more about the sort of life peaple lived on that spot seventeen hundred years ago. For just close to the ancient village of Bignor, with its half- timbered, thatched houses and six-hundred-year-old grocer's shop, which is approached by .a flight of stone steps, there lies something far more ancient--the remains of a Boman villa. The first hint of what lay un- der the soil came on a July day a hundred and fifty years ago, when a farmer was ploughing on the hillside, and his share struck something hard under the surface. He dug down to find out what it was and came on a piece of Roman pavement, its colors bright after fifteen ocen- turies! é Fortunately Farmer Tupper realized the importance of his find. He stopped ploughing and sent for an expert. When the piece of pavement had been ex- amined, digging started, and it went on for eight' years, uncov- ering more and more wonderful mosaic floors. 3 They were buried under four feet of earth, soil made and add- ed to by falling leaves, the plants that had flourished and died, as the seasons came and went since the fall of the Roman Empire. When the earth was removed, the lower parts of walls were discovered, following the-eourse of the pavements and revealing them as floors of different sized rooms. z In order to preserve the beau- tifully "designed tesserae, the farmer collected the stones which were revealed to be strewn about everywhere under the soil, as the original buildings had fallen down, anl.rebuilt the walls with the same materials that the Roman builders had -set piece upon piece when the Emperor Hadrian ruled Britain. Then he . added thatched roofs to keep out the weather. For the first time since the tourth century when the Legions hurried home 'to try and avert the fall of Rome, the villa floors glowed clean and shining, as they had when they were last scrubbed long ago--by slaves. Underneath them was discovered a vast central heating system of charcoal-heated -hypocausts.-- Later it was established that - the villa had originally been a huge place of about sixty rooms, built round a great rectangular courtyard, and that the whole estate of four-and-a-half acres had been completely surrounded by a wall. It is believed now that this was a home and a thriving community for quite 300 years. , Along the shoulder of the hill above the villa, and guarded by yews and junipers, runs Stane Street, the Roman road from _ Chichester. to London, here a -great green track ower 90 feet | .. wide--the broadest Roman road in existence. From it, through the trees, a track still sweeps dows toward the valley and then upward to the villa--the old way along which the chariots and horsemen, serfs and pack ani- mals came to this great house on the edge of the downs, writes Marjorie Nisbett in the Christian Science Monitor. Already the stables have been. located, and the hot air bath. This, with a pcrtion of its fine pavement, lies toward a corner of the site, with a two-tempera- ture plunge -unearthed- beside it. - The chief summer room of the house, cooled with a pool in the centre; the heated winter dining room, with a wonderful pave- u ment and an apsidal end, used also as a courtroom for- dlspeng- ing justice; and the Roman owns er's heated study, the floor laid in amazing geometrical designs by Greek craftsmen--these all speak of the busy life that must once have pulsed through the spot that now lies so quiet. Most evocative of all are the things found as the diggers laid bare wall footings and' pave- ments. The gold ring that once flashed proudly on a finger, the bracelets, the pay ins used to tasten gown and cloak, the colns, the gray-ware mixing bowl, the pottery dish in which so long ago puddings were baked. What will they find this East- er? A pavement, perhaps, crack- ed by the thrusting roots of a tree which began as a bird- planted acorn two centuries ago. Or a breath-taking design, mar- red. in the middle by someone driving down a fencing-post back in the days of great wigs and sedan chairs: Perhaps something quite perfect and wonderful, brought into the light of day again after centuries under the rich, dark mould. : Whatever it is, the cuckoo will call across the valley, the rich gold of primroses be there for the finding among the hazels, the lark will rise from the green turf, singing; and from Stane Street. above, there will be tha glimpse of the sea sparkling in the spring sunshine -- all un- changed from days when the Romans first climbed the hill to plan the building of their villa, long ago. Time To Order Garden Seeds While perennials are the back- bone of the flower borders, most people look forward to growing many of the lovely annuals each season, and now is the time for ordering seed. Annuals add color and variety to the garden. With a litfle plan- ning and their long blooming pe; : i riod, one can have an abundance of flowers all summer: and -into- the autumn, Use them to fill gaps in the perennial border, in front of shrubs, or in among newly planted shrubs which are small. Plant them among bulbs to hide the fading foliage of tulips and daffodils, or around bleeding heart, orlental popples, and other early-blooming plants. For making gardens in new or rented homes, Snniply ary. 8. i. oom (n wise choice. They. will six or eight weeks from and continue all summer. - The seed catalogues are such fun that exercising restraint ls difficult. If the resulting garden is to be a joy and not a burden, however, thoughtful planning is a must. We need to select vari- eties-that do well in our location. In the South are hot, dry sum- mers. In the "North we need quick flowering: A definite color plan and only a few types of flowers massed for effect and in blending tones are usually better than miscellaneous mixed colors and too many kinds. Annuals are classed as hardy, half - hardy, and tender. The hardy can be sowed as early as seed the ground can be worked. Sweet . peas, cosmos, larkspur are hardy. Half - hardy annuals, such as snapdragons, "should not be planted in the open until after the last spring frost date for the locality; and tender annuals, such as zinnias, must be planted only after the soil is warm." If you have no book showing average spring. and autumn frost dates for your region, ask your nurseryiman tension station what vour dates are. In the {ront of most seed cata- logues are the new flowers for the season. Seeds of these may -------------------------- yy or--agricultural -ex- SRR, vs By Rev. R. Bakclay Warrem BA. B.D. Jesus Gives His Lifg John 19: 17-24, 28-80. Memory Selection: I am the ood shepherd; the g ay erd giveth his lite for é sheep. John 10:11. . Chapters 13-to 19, nine in a of the 21 chapters of the Gos as recorded by St. John, are des voted to the last 24 hours of ou Lord's life before His death 3 the cross. Why such detail Examine the biographies of thé world's great and no where elsé will you find a biographer de. voting so much space, in fact, more than a quarter of the' book to the last day 'of the man's life. What is the explanation? The death of Jesus Christ has very special significance. The Psalmist and the prophets, parti. cularly Isaiah, had spoken of 1% centuries before. As our' title states, "Jesus Gives His Life. The men who came to take him in the garden fell to the ground at his word. (18:6). He said, "Il lay down my life, that T might take it again. No man taketh i from me, but I lay it down myself." Why did He give hime self to die at the age of thirty= three? ) To answer this question thoroughly calls for a study of the whole Bible. It is especially clarified in the Book of Acts, the Epistles and the Book of 'Revela- tion. Man through disobedience in Eden fell from the stata of innocency. He no longer enjoyed fellowship with his Creator. He was now sinful. Jesus Christ, God's Son, same to pave the way for a reconciliation. He came ag a man to.save men. He had no sins of His own. As man's re- presentative He bore our sins In His own body on the cross. We are saved from our sins when we repent of them and. believe on Jesus Christ. We are saved © by His Grace. "Were the whole realm ot nature mine, That were an offering far too small. Love so amazing, so divine, Demands my soul, my life, my all." . We may have salvation through faith in our Lord Jesus Christ. Obey the traffie signs -- the are placed there for YOU SAFETY. ' Sy -------- AH, SPRING rilla in -- Knorke, a go- the Berlin, Germany, z00, seems to be waiting for the vernal equinox. He receiv- be more expensive, but it 1s re- ed the flowers on his fifth ISSUE 12 -- 1961 freshing to try a few new kinds. birthday. ; | { ELVA COURIER -- EXPLOD! ER VIEW -- Asp eody "Elva Courier sports car, guided by William Widdowson at a Smithfield, Tex., track race, misses a turn. Flying hay bales and flying Elva parts were captured by the camera of newspaper photographer Bob Jackson, ki >i » Se 2 I FL A Ry Ee = {Sr hg Ls a ity EE: NAR Sm x . Sag AR a ER a, a fron RS x ro NG oe = RS Ro OS Sgt ra I IN ARR TNR : _ ANA, \ LeAY AR TT RNR RRR : 3 3 ARN N PTA ® Wo Sh RRR - % I Ny p ay