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= _ a. ah \t An Open Market In Modern Moscow Hidden among the large new Mocks of sandstone apartment buildings of the Kiev district in Moscow is the open market. The pnly sign of modern Soviet in- flustrial progress which touches upon the life of the market is the steel tramline which has been laid on the dusty track which leads past the entrance. Period- fcally a large rust-colored tram trundles around the corner and stops to drop a small crowd of eager shoppers out into the road, When it rains the track be- comes muddy and the women grumble about the mud which splashes up onto their coats Those who have come from the suburbs or the nearby' towns carry large, sacks over their shoulders. It is a long way to come and they want to make sure of taking a good stock of food back home. During the weekdays, when the young peo- ple ere at work, it is mainly the older generation who see to the family shopping, but on Sunday the whole family joins in. Most of the produce sold in this market comes from the peas- ants' private plots, which play a role in supplying the nation with it. agricultural foodstuffs. (Many of the plots. produce more per acre than the state or collective farms.) However, there are a few state stalls on the premises in- cluding a grocery store and one or two clothing stores. They help to act as price stablizers. Each peasant who sells privately at the market pays a small fee to the market authorities for the use of the premises. Sometimes a dog with a litter of squirming puppies is tied to the fence outside the market. The owner squats beside her and a small crowd of people gathers round to stroke the puppies. "He's yours for five rubles--take him" says the owner, holding out a wriggling puppy. Business is not brisk as so few people have room in their apartments to keep animals. Just inside the market are the flower stalls. All business is done very much on a small-scale with each flower-seller bringing in just a few bunches of flowers from her own garden. Sales talk is rare--she just stands patiently behind her wooden trestle hold- ing a bunch of flowers or a pot- ted plant in each hand waiting for a customer. In the fall, during the mush- room season, the mushroom sell- ers lay out different kinds ol mushrooms on the benches. Some are dried and sold strung on a piece of cotton. Russians are great lovers of - "gribii" (mush- rooms) and one of the favorite pastimes in the fall is to go col- lecting them in nearby woods. A Russian who doesn't know a good one frem a poisonous one is ridi- culad by his friends. The market prices vary from week to week. In the spring when vegetables are just begin- ning to appear one very small cucumber will sell for as much as 70 kopeks (63 cents) and a smail portion of lettuce for as much as 40 kopeks (36 cents). Prices reach their lowest around August. Last year at that time a pound of tomatoes was selling for 35 kopeks (31 cents) a pound and peaches for 50 kopeks (45 cents). The salesmen and women are usually of the older generation. While the young: people are working on the state and collec- tive farms the older ones travel to the market with their wares. One old peasant woman with.a weatherbeaten face gets up every Sunday morning at. 3:00 a.m. to travel 200 miles into Moscow "I have done it all my life," she said. Another travels 50 miles daily to the market. "All this stuff I grow in my kitchen gar- den,' she said proudly, biting off the end of a beet root to show how juicy it was. Often the mar- keters are not very good at add- ing up, and a long line of shop- pers forms in front of the stall while a customer's change is lab- oriously counted out, Pickled cucumbers are a great Russian favorite. A large wooden barrel of them floating in herbs can be found in one corner of the market, Shoppers bring their own jars to put them in, writes Ruth Daniloff in the Christian Science Monitor, There is usually a line in front of the state fish store. Large, rough-looking cases of fish pack- ed down with ice are piled up outside. Inside there are stacks of dusty cans of sardines and smoked herring. Sometimes there is a stall which sells rough, wooden coat hangers and clothespegs. "We make them all at home," said the buxom peasant woman behind the trestle, From time to time there is a long line of people standing pa- tiently behind the stalls at the back of the market. Most of them are carrying old clothes over their arms. They are wait- ing to get into the second-hand clothes store, and sometimes a little bargaining and swapping goes on in the line while waiting. At. the market it is easy to - study some of the different racial types which make up the Soviet Union. A large dark-skinned wo- man with a scarf tied round her head like a gypsy stands before a pile of grapes. She comes from the South. Behind a large pile of eggplants stands the lithe fig- ure of a young Caucasian. He has dark eyes and a small black mustache and is much more in- terested in the young girls going past the stall than in selling his eggplants, Sometimes a small knot of gypsies passes through the market. In the winter the market takes on an air of sadness. Practically the only produce sold is red cab- bages and potatoes. Sometimes a few green cooking apples will be snapped up at two dollars a pound. The saleswomen sit hud- dled up against the sacks of po- tatoes puffing into their ungloved hands to keep them warm, while their menfolk, clad in rough sheepskin jackets, stamp the snow with their felt boots. Socialism has brought little change to this way of life. The market is a kind of anachronism in the Soviet state. Small-time private enterprise flourishes while 1ts salesmen and women, dressed in peasant garb, look as though they have been plucked out of the ninetrenth century Yet not far from this market is the Stalinesque skyscraper of the foreign ministry. Its smartly dressed Soviet bureaucrats step out of lonz black lintousines to take up their business in the ministry, and young women with plaiinum blonde hair teeter up its steps in high-heeled shoes imported from England. How A Preacher Can Move His Hearers Finding "sermons in stones and good in every thing" involves something of genius that discloses the highest rather than lowest common denominator for man- kind. For some time there circu- lated with the sureness of. folk- wisdom, a story about a super- literate Negro preacher whose sermons attracted unusual atten- tion. When asked what was his method for producing and deliv- ering them, he reportedly replied: "First I reads myself full, then I thinks myself clear, then I prays myself humble, and then I lets myself go." It is hard to add anything, ex- cept that toward the achievement of a sermon or a sonnet, the building of a cathedral or a sky- scraper, the starting of a career or -the rounding of a life, the formula ought to give a man or woman just the boost he or she needs. And when a statement is so complete as to make further com- ment superflous, then a com- mentator's final word can only be: Read it again. ' ser Lo e-- . 6. Deity 30. Pertaining to CROSSWORD Eiri ,, bie 7. 8livers 31. Belt : , Wages 32, Place PUZZLE . Two 33. Film om : 10. Follow copper 1 Bates stave 35. Bosert animal . Be nverfond . Barrel stave . Desert anima LR es yang Lo Biss oun 3] Banort, 81. Armpit 20. Demolishes 39. Kind of light 4. Seasons w 21. Rogulsh 40. Genealogy 8. Desserts 3 Alimary coat : 3 Joug datance i} j\Jyisfance . Repea , e i. Shashonean 3. Sneak from i Yass a 44. Taftleian army y . Dance 8 : 18. ('hlection « Palestine 27, Sea eagle 46. For 16. Achievement ganna 9% Youth 17 Nacative 11. Ballad 18. Thue 19 Float on the . water evening meal Doom [s uble Rubber trees (inddesa of infatuation . Ceramics . Concerning . Light . Myselt Part of mn horse's foot Hy Small drink 4. Fly hefore the wind 86. Fodder plant 87. Part of a pedestal) 8. Hendplece 9. Spid person 0 Widow 1 NNMNN we Fmen =o dednd od Nove monkey . Morning (ab.) 2 Branch of learning 43. Healing 'tincture . O14 horse noisily' |S k) "HONEST JOHN" AT WORK its carrier during a demonstration. A LL CRA Le TRAN -- U.S. Army's Honest John guided missile roars away from HOPPY ENCOUNTER -- Peta Louise Skingley has an eye- crossing look at her grasshop- per friend in Woodford Green, Essex, England. Why Rattlesnakes Sound Their Rattles We have had the mixed pleas- ure of listening to three rattle- snakes working their strange in- struments. When they vibrate their tails slowly, the sound pro- duced by the rattle is a sort of sharp "clicking," but as the rap- idity increases the sound becomes more like a shrill whistle, When the motion is so rapid that the eye cannot follow it at all, the sound is a "whirr." It has been likened to the sizzling of meat frying. The instrument consists of a number of horny bells fit- ting neatly into one another. If there has been no injury to the rattle, the outermost bell is the original horny tip of the tail: the other rings, or bells, are added on at successive moults, the youngest one being, of course, nearest the end of the living tail, The rattle is a not-living instru- ment formed at successive moults, and it has sometimes ten or even twelve bells. From the number of bells the snake's age cannot be reckoned, as is often asserted, for three bells may be added in one year. Moreover, it often happens that several bells are broken off by accident, A three-year-old rattlesnake may have nine bells or rings, and a six-year-old specimen may have the same number, When a dog is pleasurably ex- cited-it wags its tail; the motion is an expression of an emotion. Why does the rattlesnake rattle? The shrill noise warns animals to get out of the way, and: it has been suggested that this saves the rattlesnake from wasting its venom and perhaps breaking a fang on some creature much too big to be swallowed. According to one authority, the rattlesnake is of a timid and re- tiring 'disposition, and rattles its instrument to save its from mo- lestation, If it be the rule, as is stated, that the rattlesnake does not rattle when it discovers a mouse, which it can utilize for food, this would: favour the idea that the rattling is an expression of nervous excitement. It is sup- pressed when a little rodent comes on the scene, for the timid rattlesnake is not afraid of a silly " mouse! But there is an unsatis- factory vagueness in these state- ments, and the case illustrates what we mean by natural-history puzzles, . When we are dealing with chemical and physical ocenr- rences, such as the weathering of a rock or a shower of hail, our only question is "How?"; but when we are dealing with living creatures we must ask not only, "How does this happen?" we are bound to ask, "Has this any meaning in the life of the animal or plant?" When we cannot give more than a fumbling anzwer, we say, "This is a puzzle! -- From "Riddles of Science," by Sir J. Arthur Thomson. He .thinks he's a gentleman THE FARM FRONT Keeping up with farmers never is quite enough for agricultural engineers; unless they are out in front way ahead of farmers they do not feel they are doing their jobs properly. Since you, as a consumer of food and fiber, are the ultimate beneficiary of all the time, inven- tiveness, and money lavished on development of new farm mach- inery, you might enjoy a glimpse into the thinking of some of these ahead-of-the-procession gentle- men. * LJ . "At the present time, technol- ogy is changing so rapidly that on-the-job scientists and engin- eers find themselves out of date after a decade or so out of the university," N. Kent Ellis of Pur- due Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion, told the meeting of the American Society of Acricultural Engineers at its recent winter meeting in Chicago. "To remedy this, the govern- ment must strengthen its educa- tional program for its own per- sonnel, to the extent of sending them back to the university for about an academic year every decade." Although Mr. Ellis was speaking of personnel at the na- tion's landgrant colleges, he re- ported that some industrial labor- atories are think along this same line. Ld . * Following are a few examples of new trends cited at the meet- ing. ® Increasing popularity of pro- cessed potatoes -- precut french fries, "instant" mashed potatoes, potato chips, even prestuffed, pre- baked potatoes -- are spurring development of new methods of potato storage and handling which demand new types of machinery and storage accommo- dations, it was reported by Char- les W. Kittinger, and James H. Hunter, both of the University of Maine. LJ LJ LJ ® If pickles are 0 be profitable for the growers of cucumbers, partial or complete mechaniza- 'tion of harvesting must be devel- oped, according to three Michigan State University engineers. M. M. DeLong, B. A. Stout, and S. K. Ries reported that of $18,000,000 paid in 1960 by the pickle indus- try 'to growers for cucumbers, about half had to be allocated to cover costs of harvesting cucum- bers by hand. Harvesting, of course, represents only part of the farmers' total costs, ] * * ® Teflon, a plastic now being used to cover the cooking surface of frying pans and other cooking utensils to provide greaseless cooking, is being plugged for a new role on the farm. Teflon, or Teflon with a glass filler, used as a covering for tillage tools has been found to reduce the total tool draft (defined as the amount of energy required to till the soil). This conclusion- was based on results of a study at Iowa State University reported on by Drs. Bill Fox of the Mississippi State University and C. W. Bishop of Iowa State. The new material may wear away eight to 10 times as fast as stdel, and present costs make it * prohibitive for farm "tools. But, said Dr Fox, "indica- tions are that the increased use of Teflon will reduce the price -- sufficiently to make its use on plow surfaces economically fea- gible in the near future." * Ld . ® Modern layouts for beef and dairy herds which provide bed and board for .nore than 10,000 beef cattle or up to 1,000 dairy cows may often include feeding for moving them. "They look like small freight trains and some feed each corral of cattle five times daily," said Thayer Cleaver of the United States Department of Agriculture and C. F. Kelly of the University of California at Davis. * * L These planners overlook noth- ing -- not even the value of salis- fying a cow's curiosity as a means of keeping it content. Recom- mending the placement of mounds in corrals, they pointed out: "A bulldozer can, at relativ- ely low cost, push dirt into a pile mn the center of the pen immed- lately after the pens ave cleaned. The cows seem to appreciate both the dry solid arca and the oppor- tunity of getting up high enough to see what is on the other side of the fence" . LJ . © You wouldn't think that the shape of pelleted hay to be fed to livestock would make much dif- ference -- but apparently it does. Pyramid-shaped pellets have been found to be much more stable than the usual circular, rectangular, or square pellets heretofore used, reported Alvin S. Gustafson of Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, and W. J. Kjelgaard of Pennsylvania State University, who presented results of a comparative study. No one, it seems, has reported as to whether the animals themselves prefer their feed with or without corners. . LJ . ® A cycle-timed feeder recent- ly marketed by New Holland Machine Company was reported by Duane Dahnert of that com- pany to facilitate more frequent feedings of animals without cost- ly hand labor. Mr. Dahnert told his colleagues that a 9 percent in- crease in feed conversions (con- versions of feed to body weight) resulted when pigs were fed eight times a day. * LJ . "Dairy cows fed four times daily instead of twice produced an increase of 12.2 percent in milk solids, 18.9 percent increase in butter fat, and 9.8 percent in- crease in solids, not fat, with no increase in body weight," Mr. Dahnert said, although he com- mented that not all tests have shown such favorable results. (Gain in weight is a primary need in meat animals but not in dairy cows.) L LJ LJ ® Other devices in develop- ment or testing stages include: an "antiroll bar" to prevent tractors from rolling completely over, to reduce injuries or fatalities to tractor operators; a factory-built milking parlor that can be moved from farm to factory on a set of highway axles and wheels; a new labor-saving completely automa- tic unloader for horizontal silos; and a self-propelled forage har- vester that performs a multipli- city of operations while reducing operator fatigue. These are a few of the indis- pensable factors in the wonder- land of mechanization which synonymizes modern farming. Fog Is Eternal -- But Smog Is Man-made! It was a London familiar, Char- les Dickens, who called fog "a London particular." The literature of the city ex- udes fog in scene after scene, Fog must be considered a part of London culture, for it has affect- ed art, music, writing and habits. But smog is a fairly recent de- velopment -- a mixture of man- made fumes and nature's mist -- and there's nothing romantic or traditional about it. Smog such as London has been experiencing lately takes on the proportions of a disaster. . . Sometimes it takes tragedy such as that . . . to remind us of the polluted air which is being breathed in so many cities across this nation and in other countries. There are scientific solutions, but there has been little demand for them. Smog is not "a London parti- cular." It is indigenous to most industrial cities. Smog is simply worse in some places than in others due to geographical char- acteristics. The suffering of London was a reminder that man cannot be in- different to the pollution he creates, and what has happened there in recent days should be a rallying point for the smog foes. -- Commercial Appeal (Mem- phis). LIVELY EXPORTS Hungarys frog-hunting seison is now in full swing, Target 3 sixty tens for expert to France and Switzerland. Hungary has Just exported 350 tons of snails. Uosidadown to Prevent Peeking QE <I~Q) OTT WY UE Twa, << S- [N[e) [EZ ple) CO QE OZMW®-Wa oll WOW ~My WiSEo< <OyWE<nE<Yo LY) WIDE healing a man on the NDAY SCHi00] a LL By Rev. EK. B. Warren, B.A, B.D, Resistance to the 'Work of Christ Mark 2:1-3:6. Memory Scripture: And ye shall be hated of all men for my name's sake: but he that endur- eth to the end shall be saved. Matthew 10:22. It is a strange thing that the people who criticized Jesus the most were the people reputed to be the most religious. The Phari- sees were the straightest sect of the Jews. The scribes were spec- 1ally learned in the law. When Jesus said to the paraly- tic, "Son, thy sins be forgiven thee," the scribes considered it blasphemy. By proceeding to heal the man of his paralysis, Jesus proved the validity of his work in forgiving sin. They heard the word of forgiveness. They saw that the man was healed The healing was a sign of His power. The people were amazed and glorified God. Jesus called a publican, Levi, to be one of his disciples. Levi called his friends to a meal and had Jesus and his disciples as guests. The critics grumbled be- cause Jesus ate with publicans and sinners. Jesus said, * . . | came not to call the righteous but sinners to repentance." Is it not true today that the church is spending too much time trying to please the so-called righteous and not enough time and energy reaching out to the confessed sinners, The critics found fault because the disciples of Jesus did not fast. They fasted out of a slavish ad- herence to traditions added to God's law. Jesus was not opposed to fasting, but it must be done from a better motive. He pre- dicted that His disciples would fast more after His departure If you are a disciple, would you say that they really do? Feasting rather than fasting scems to ba the order today for most of the Christian church in our land. The scribes objected because the disciples shelled a few graing of wheat when they were hungry on the sabbath. Jesus smd, "Tha sabbath was made for man, and not man for the sabbath; theres fore the Son of man is Lord also of the sabbath." Modern practice seems to be to leave the Son of man out and use Sunday to con- centrate on pleasure and enter- tainment: cven for work if the rate of profit is higher. Jesus was anory, bemg grieved for the hardness of their hearts because they even resented his sabbath. But Jesus continued his good work in spite of the critics. Ha a HOUSE-MOVING PARTY -- John Koppes, of Sun Valley, Idaho, and some friends move his dome shelter to a local ski ron They carried the lightweight dome shelter about two miles. TRUCKLOAD OF TRAGEDY -- Six persons died, including relief driver of this truck. trailer and driver of an intercity bus, when the vehicles sideswiped near St ren Raris, in $ Reserve 9 . 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