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THE OSHAWA DAILY TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 7, "1929 A Peace Time Army - -- Eight-ton Drop Forge Hammer HE biggest railway shops in T America have just now one of the biggest jobs of their history on hand. They are handling the ma- jor part of the 41 million dollar order, details of which are set out in the annual report recently issued of the Canadian Pacific Raflway. Included in this is the six million dollar order for the new type passenger cars specially designed for the 'Trans-Canada Limited, the fastest long distauce train in the world, and the Mountaineer. The former operates during the summer months over Canadian Pacific. lines between Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver; the latter runs between Chicago and the Pacific terminal, eighteen complete 'trains being required for the two services. The new cars will be unique in fittings ana ae- sign and will comprise features having no parallel on any transpor- tation system serving the Dominion of Canada. Within the two and a half mile circuit of the Canadian Pacific Angus Shops at Montreal there is mobilized in nearly thirty shops end over an area of 200 acres u force of 8,300 men, half of which is at work on the big job. Thirty- five miles of tracks running In every direction, criss-cross the shops and over these tracks moves the immense range of material re- quired in the equipment of the two sets of trains. Like An Army In Camp For the past few 'months the shops have resembled am army in camp. This army is now at the peak of its activity and hums like the proverbial hive. After May there will be some demobilization, but these days the hum is on a keener, more vibrant note. At present the main concentra- tion is in the passenger car and neighboring shops handling a total of 29 sleepers, 15 diners, 156 sola- rium-lounge cars ten baggage and sleeper and eleven mail and ex- press cars. Of this total twenty sleepers, ten diners, ten solarium- lounge cars, ten baggage and sleep- er and eleven mail and express cars are scheduled to be on the road by May 1. Your special correspondent at this industrial front arrived one morning recently with the correct credentials at the main gate. Cour teously but with strict compliance with discipline, the officer at the gate inspected his pass and admit- ted him. Every time he left the camp and returned, the same ritu- al was observed. Without the pass, Field-Marshal E. W. Beatty him- self, commander of the army whose outposts are 'scattered over four continents, would not have got past the guard. The camp is divided almost mathematically right down its cen» tre by the 1800-foot long Midway. On the one side of this division are the steel and freight car shops, the foundries, the machine shops and the huge locomotive shop, the largest unit in the camp. On the other side are the power house, blacksmith shop, general stores. offices for clerical staff and some distance behind these the passen- ger car shops, almost as big a unit as the locomotive shops, with its subsidiaries the cabinet and up- holstering shops. Down most of the length of the Midway, two overhead travelling cranes, having a ten-ton lifting capacity, move continually and without effort, bearing their burdens of unwieldy steel which they unload as lightly as feathers, obedient to the slight- est impulse of men's guiding hands and directing brains. The army is parked inghe shops. ¢Very few men are to be seen in the Midway and those few are at- tending strictly to business. Ex- cept for the noise, the camp has a curiously deserted aspect. But you are under no illusion of rest- fulness. Your ears alone tell you that something big is afoot. And you begin to wonder what miracle of organization and system has made & disciplined host out of a crowd of 8,300 men. Officers Of The Camp From the works manager down to the latest enlisted apprentice there is a place for everyone and everyone in his place. Translated into military terms, let us regard the works manager as the Briga- dier. His immediately subordinate officer, the assistant works man- ager, is the Colonel. Below him again come major, captain and lieutenant ag general foremen, in- dividual shop foremen, and assist. ent foremen. As sergeants and cor- porals, not officially recognized, or as we may put it, non-commission ed, come the inspectors and gang bosses, and finally the rank and file of the army. The shock troops of this army are just now working 18 hours a day in.two shifts on the big order for the Trans-Canada and The Mountaineer. They are concentrated in the Passenger Car shops with their central trans- fer table and 320,000 square feet of area. Here are ranked wheel to wheel . On A Big Time Job [ Along the 1800-foot Midway the passenger, baggage and mail cars which this summer will be carrying you and your belongings from Montreal, from Toronto or from Chicago on your trans-con- tinental trips. They are all new stype cars of a kind not to be found elsewhere in Canada. There are sleepers in which the uphols- tery is soft grey-green flowered tapestry set off by curtains and carpets of a rich brown and the wood finish of the panelling of a lustrous walnut. Specially de- signed permanent walnut-wood head and side pieces ensure the privacy of the sections while a new arrangement of two compartments and one drawing room makes the design different from that of the standard cars. There are diners sumptuous with walnut wood whose beautiful grain and striking marquetry work are a delight to the eye while the new leather finish to the upholstery . is another de luxe note in the train's appoint- ments. In this and the other i§ Des of car an even temperature is main- tained by an elaborate heating sys- tem. most important detail an eye is kept everywhere on attaining the highest possible degree Of periew tion of operation, Solarium Car Is Unique But of all the new type cars the solarium-lounge .is the high spot. This contains a conservatory win- dowed with vita-glass--hence the name--which will admit the ultra- violet and most healthful rays of the sun. It will be placed at the rear-end of the train and passen- gers will be able to enjoy tue su- perb scenery of the Rockies, even though the sunlight be pouring through the glass through which they are looking. Nor is that tne only advantage offered by these cars. They also contain smoking rooms for men and lounges for wo- men, green-tiled bathrooms and showers and hot and cold running water, the latter also piped to men's and women's dressing rooms and to private drawing rooms and compartments in other parts of tuw train. On board the solarium lounge, there is a buffet supplying light refreshments, a library with up-to-date books, periodicals and the daily papers from a wide range of centres while market repoiis are posted in the car at regular ine tervals. In short, the solarium- lounge contains all the amenities of a first-class hotel, not forgetting personal service which a finger on an electric button will bring. 1t is unique on the continent of North America for public convenience, comfort and service. There are also the baggage and mail cars. Here consideration has been had for the crews at work In the trains by providing thon during runs with sleeping accums- modation aboard these cars. Com- bination of baggage and sleeper is an expression of the company's rea- lization that care for the worker will ensure better work. But there is something elses, too. Between ten a.m. and ten p.m. every day of the rum, the sleeping accommo- dation of the haggage car is packed away and the space converted into a club room where the male pas- sengor can while away the hours of his trip. When visited on that day in early April the new cars were in some cases far from resembling their advertised appearance. Some were nearing completion; others There were some that were little more than skeletons, their frame work bare to the roof and their interiors a clutter of tools ana materials. Men were swarming around them and they were changing and growing almost un- der one's eyes. As a fact, in the few hours of our visit there was a distinct difference to be seen. i 247 es . "i From the smallest to the : Passenger Car Shops in the Cana dian Pacific Plant at Angus Cars that looked ready for the road were receiving their final touches. 'This made possible a view of what few outside the actual men at work on them get a chance to see--the underneath of things. Just as a woman of reflnement will be as fastidious in her choice of waat is not seen in her attire as of what is visible, so care is given in selec- tion of all materials for the build- ing of the cars. The all-steel con- struction, the various metals used id their finish, are all of the best quality. Layer after layer of paint is put on. The inside steel frame is padded with asbestos to ensure an equable interior temperature. Outside this padding, Douglag fir scantlings, sawn into suitable lengths, are affixed and it is agaipst these scantlings that the four-ply solid walnut wood panels are laid.," There is no imitation about this walnut. It is the real thing with the grain brought out in all its beauty and embellished with an artistic touch of marque- try. Cabinet work, brass, uphols- tery, glass and silver ware, sleep- ing equipment, every item of equipment from small to big is chosen with the same invariable regard for the best possible. Venti- lation, that bugbear of railway travel over long distances, has been developed to a fine art and handled with a maximum of efficiency, Heat is controlled to a degree by ther- mostatie devices. Cushioned spring coll mattresses reduce to its lowest common factor the vibration of the smoothest running trains on the continent, An All-Canadian Job It is clear from the above that this is a man-size job, The army at the camp is employing its most skilled troops on the work. They include tinsmiths, pipefitters, paint- ers, cabinet workers, coach car- penters, trimmers, truck (fitters, upholsterers;, brass finishers ana dyers. Nearly all of them are Ca- nadians, and this job will enhance their international reputation for workmanship. Men swarmed in and outside tie cars that stood there like huge lazy monsters being groomed for exhihi- tion. 'There was no slightest sem- blance of confusion; everyone knew exactly where to go and what to do and they went there and aid it with the minimum of lost ino- tion. It was a fine object lesson in troops trained to the minue a=d producing the most efficient results with the least waste. Let us now take a glance at oth- er shops in the Angus Shops, direct- ly or indirectly comnected with car construction. Cars have to be built and assembled as to their frame work, wheels and all major metal parts and much of this ue terial has to pass through the foun- dries and mdchine shops before it is ready to be hauled over to the passenger car shops. Stepping into the foundry is the first of the dra- matic changes that await one at the Shops. When your eyes have adjusted themselves to the differ- ence between spring brightness out- side and fierce glow of fires within, you become aware of 60-foot-long swords of sunlight slanting from the roof to the floor. Half a dozen of these fell indiscriminately on heaps of metal, on mounds of earth, on hurrying workers, like the kobolds in some mountain. in- terior suddenly 'disturbed in their activities. These beams, dancing with dust or swirling with sudden smoke are surprisingly dramatic in effect, but, to the kobolds, their impalpable march in glory across the sombre shop is not so much a splendor of contrast, as more probably an indication of the time of day. All at once, the sun shaft is ex~ tinguished by a cataract of stars. Into the 24-ton ladle there is pour- ing a foot-wide stream of molten iron. The glare is so intense that it distresses the eye and then, shot out from the ladle to a distance of twenty feet, comes the minia- ture explosion of iron filing sparks. Twenty-two hundred A degrees of temperature have ignited them. As they touch the ground they die, but in the air they create another effect of beauty. They have the appear- ance of perfect stars and like firw flies many of them spring to radi- ance from apparently nothing in the air. The men pass through them and stand near them with in- difference. They are beautiful, but not particularly dangerous. . The foundry ' is an inferno of noise to which the men are so ac- crash down with the pressure of many tons to the square inch or it can descend so lightly that your hand under it on the anvil would #8 be not more than gently touched. Machines that are almost human in the variety and complexity of their operations contribute to the tooling and finishing of the piv ducts of the foundry and the black- smith shop. They perform half a dozen operations at the same time and handle immense blocks of ma- terials that weigh into teh scores of tons. The foregoing does not tell the half of the activities carried on at the Angus Shops, but it does tell something of what lies back of this advance in railway travel repre- sented by the new equipment de- signed for use on the Trans-Canada and the Mountaineer. The organ- ized expert army that has been fighting for months to ensure pas- sengers' utmost comfort and luxury as you speed smoothly through the prairies, the foothills and the mountains, is worth an occasional thought. The traveller of imagina- tion who has paid his fare and is receiving the service will not ae- gard the transaction as .closed or in progress of being closed by tne fact of being in possession of his ticket. He will give thought, how- ever vague, to the immense com- plexity -of the operations, the huge forces involved, the large sums ex- pended, and the skill and organ- izing ability requisite before he could enjoy his luxurious travelling conditions. He will remember that the cost of that travel, person- ally to himself, represents only a tiny percentage of the total outlay called for. This brief sketch will have justified itself if it succeeds in presenting a picture of some phases of that concentrated effort that will give detail and a sharper outline of his imagination. & > TE RE ! Ca de OUND customed that they can converse, give and receive orders without any difficulty. There is hammering in all keys, with the staccato of the compressed air hammer over all, the low thunder of the overheuu trolley crane, the crashing of loose iron in the revolving tube of the rumbler, the cry of the emery wheel, the protest of iron under every variety of treatment. The molten iron has been poured intu moulds and hag 'had time to cool somewhat, The cast is struck out of the mould and a dense cloud of smoking fumes is released from the earth of the mould. A few minutes later two red-hot wheels are grasp- ed by the crane and swung the whole length of the shop in earth- en wells, There are 66 of these wells and 320 wheels are cast in the shop daily. The Blacksmith Shop. Under a spreading chestnut tree the village smithy stands, The smith would be lost in this smithy. One thing after another would have him astonished and bewilder- ed. For one thing it is not men but machines that play the anvil chorus. For another the old days of welding one piece of iron on to another are past. Iron is twisted nowadays into any desirable shapes from the original crude block. Un- der the stresses of heat, power and pressures beyond any human capa- city, it becomes as malleable as putty. On burning furnaces up to 2200 degrees of heat, eelctricity bound to man's uses and needs and controlled by a finger and hammers of 8 tons deadweight exerting pressures up to hundreds of toms, also controlled with the utmos. nicety and delicacy, do wonderful things to the erstwhile recalei- trancy of iron. You can see it chang- ing in form, curving, bent, twisted, forced into molds from whieh it emerges as bolts, frogs, and a score of other forms, needing only a lit- tle machining to be perfect in finish and ready for immediate use, und turned out by the hundred whers it was formerly a day's work only to make a dozen or so. Yes, the blacksmith of Longfellow would get an eyeful. Probably he would linger long- est in the vicinity of the 8-ton drop forge steam hammer. Operated by a lever like a locomotive, it can PROMOTING DAIRY PRODUC- TION As a means of promotion of pro- duction of home feed crops for the assistance of the dairy industry, the Minister of Agriculture in New Brunswick announces a plan of com- petitions in production for which the sum of $2,500 has been appropriated for prizes, the competitions to. be sponsored by the agricultural socie- ties of the province. Formal Opening of the New Masonic Temple Centre St. at Metcalfe St. Oshawa All Masons are requested to be present at this 8pening Inspection and Concert May 7th, Presiden 7.30 p.m, M. E. HARTLEY, ANCIENT VILLAGE (NEARTHED IN U.S. Excavators Claim Pre-Pueb- lo Cluster is 1,000 Years of Age Abilene, Tex, May 7.--A buried village, perhaps a thousand years old, believed to belong to the pre! Pueblo culture of western Indian civilization, has been uncovered on Canadian River above Plemons, Texas, by a group of McMurray College profes- sors and students. Three human skeletons which crum- bled into dust upon contact with the air, a large pot, believed to antedate the celebrated white and black era of Pueblo culture, and thousands of finely chipped flint artifacts were found. The exploring party was headed by Dr. W. C. Holden, head of the his- tory department of McMurray Col- lege. : Only one of probably 200 habita- tions was excavated, high on a cliff above the river bed. Two skeletons, believed to have been those of a woman and a baby, were found in cyst in one corner of a large room, where they apparently had been formally buried. The third skeleton, possibly that of a warrior, had been buried in an outer room of the same habitation, probably by a later generation than that of the woman and child. One of the curious and important angles of the discovery was that horizontal masonry was found super- imposed on the more ancient slab structure almost as though the ex- cavators had come upon the death of one culture and the birth of an- other. Based on the premises laid down by the celebrated archaeologist, Dr. Alfred Vincent Kidder, Dr. Holden said the Canadian River find appears to belong to the pre-Pueblo, mark- ing the first known extension of that culture into Texas. Dr. Holden said he expects additional similar discov eries in Texas, HEIRS OF STREETER OPEN OLD FIGHT FOR FIVE MILLIONS Z Chicago, Ill, May 7--Heirs of Cap'n" George Wellington Streeter, who for years waged a fight for pos- session of a portion of the Chicago lake front, valued at ,000,000, have taken up the picturesque old squatter's legal battle, . A bill fyled in behalf of the heirs in court here seeks $5,000,000 damages from present holders of the land. They claim Captain Streeter settled on the lake front on July 10, 1886, and established clear title to the land, which with the shifting shore line now encompasses the enormously valuable property. : The turbulent old "Cap'n" and "Ma" Streeter guarded with muskets for many years the land they claimed. When the "buccaneer" died his aged mate carried on. Since the death of "Ma," the 186 acres claimed became the sites for hundreds of structures on North Michigan Avenue. ! How Much Is a Dollar? WHAT your dollar is worth depends on you. To-day, a dollar will buy one hundred cents' worth of merchandise or service The advertisements in this paper will telli you where " you can make your dollar do its full duty, They will tell you what a dollar will buy. They will tell you, by name, those articles on which you can depend to give a dollar's worth of value for every dollar invested. The advertisements in this newspaper will give you a new conception of values. They. will demonstrate to you the qualities of any article in which you may be in- terested and tell you where you can buy it at a price you can afford to pay. By reading the advertisements you will soon become familiar with the most desirable articles of merchandise in all lines. You will learn to have the confidence in them that they deserve, and, when you buy, you can do so with full assurance that you are getting one hundred cents' worth of value for your dollar. Read advertisements daily to enable your dollar to do its full duty