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¥ x every reason to be proud of her "achi "Professor 'W. E. Dixon, M "none and that her savants have in- PAGE [TWO { I EL a edt dae the do et ow si he th abe Sac cc Pe FHE OSHAWA DAILY TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JULY 24, 1929 RRR TI --r RRR WANY NEW DISEASES + AND. CIVILIZATION Science Endeavoring : to Remedy All Evil 4 Effects ; i ---- wo ' 5; he Press) Cape oan nion of South Africa, July 24.--Great Britain for 50 years in _ physiology, said CRM, F.R.S, of Whittlesford, Cambridge- re, in his presidential address to- y to the section of physiology, - British Association. for the Advance- ment of Science. +. "Ityds acknowledged that Great Britaih can show records second to cluded some of the world's greatest "investigators," Prof. Dixon said in {sanitation in 'houses and' even our D., | wealth, indoor life, luxury and some- HT the 'basis of-treatment. ~"It remains | ent effect, is to increase the thres- for us to hope that in the future she mdy attain equal success in the as- sociated sciences directly concerned with the relief of suffering and the cure of disease." In the course of his address Pro- fessor Dixon said "Civilisation has been responsible for many new dis- eases. Civilisation has brought bad windows may be depriving us of fresh air and filtering out certain of light bringing its attendant rays tubergulose~for tuberculosis is a | disease of houses. i i Science is now engaged in endeavouring to remedy the evil effects which it has pro- duced." Civilisation is "associated with times cxcessive mental exercise: These are the conditions that lead to af exaggerated nervous sensi- bility amd this is a much commoner feature of those engaged in a men- tal indoor life than in those engaged in 'outdoor physical life. It is not then difficult to understand the ex- cessive use of tobacco in some of these people since one effect of to- concluding his address on Physiology, bacco and 'perhaps its most benefic- hold of sensation in those super sensitive. When this supersensitive- ness. reaches extreme limits these eople are referred to as "neurotic." hey easily weary of the strain and anxieties of seeking a livelihood. Now it is these higher faculties of the mind which are most responsive to narcotic poisons which influence these. 'long before those concerned with "movement and ordinary sensas tion--so that the _supecrsensitive people under the influence of narco- tics lose the exaggerated effect of their sensations and become more like normal people; the cveryday trifles and inconveniences of life are no longer" exaggerated out of pro-}. portion to their significance and, life 'instead of being oppressive and anxi- ous, becomes pleasant and free from worry, Hence it is easy to under- stand the modern tendency in some highly civilized nations to indulge in narcotic drugs like morphine, heroine, and cocaine, | _ It is another curious fact that it is just these supersensitive people who drink the caffeine beverages like tea and coffce in excess. This caffeine relieves drowsiness and fatigue by The photograph here shows part of the business section of Wain- wright, Alta., which was swept by a fire that left only four busiuces houses standing and reaped a toll of $750,000 damage, Wainwright is 127 miles east of Edmonton, The residential section escaped damage, direct stimulation of the brain cells. In large doses the caffeine beverages induce restlessness and nervous ex- citability and they may produce dis- turbed sleep, headache and confu- sion, Few people no doubt take caffeine to this extent but most of us take from two to five grains daily band the effect of this continued as a daily ration throughout life is a. fac- tor significance of which is un- known, We do know, however, that caffeine incrcases Ssensitiveness to ordinary physical well as mentat sen- sations, "England was once a drunken na- tion and the larger towns contained such notices as: 'Here you may get drunk for a penny; dead drunk wit clean straw for twopence. Before the Industrial Revolution the con- sumption of beer alone was ninety gallons a head per year; it is now about a quarter of this. With this diminution of beer drinking is as- sociated a truly enormous increase in tea and coffee drinking. To me it seems not unlikely that this substi- tution of tea and coffee for beer is not wholly unconnected with the tendency of highly cividzed nations to become supersensitive and neur- otic, for this is the frame work on which drug addiction is built." At the outset of his address Pro- fessor Dixon stressed the fact that the ultimate aim of medicine was the prevention and cure of disease. "This practical aspect so far dominates all other;" he said, "that medicine is often referred to as the healing art; indeed it is difficult to think of me- dicine apart from treatment." A Continuing, the speaker explained he nature of disease as any unusu- al functioning of the tissues which might be the result of accident her- editary weakness or the presence of pernicious germi-life. "The science of medicine," he said, "is nothing more than trained and organized common sense based on' physiology. It is still usual to speak of it as an inexact science; obviously wrong since medicine uses the same methods as every other science and the results of .observa- tion are as definite as those of the chemist or physicist although it is true that in the complexity of the problem with which the physician has to deal all the conditions of import- ance may not be known and the re- sults of an investigation though cor- rect for the conditions under which it is taken may be misleading" The speaker directed the attention of his audience to the progress made latterly in the treatment of disease. During the nineteenth century he said medicine was exclusively occu- pied with diagnosis so that the medi- cal literature of the period deals al- most entirely with the symptoms, activities and results of the various diseases and contained no indication oi treatment whatever. It was said the almost complete lack of indica- tions for treatment in the late Sir William Osler's text-book on medi- cine, which was in wide use, was largely responsible for the Rocke- feller millions = given to medicine This state of affairs was unavoidable at the time Professor Dixon pointed out, on account of the fact that the sciences of physiology and pathology were in their infancy, Even to this day our knowledge of diagnosis was far in advance of that of treatment, he said, a ---- We have never heard an oppor- tunity knock and never expect to. Opportunities have to be captured and choked into submission.--Galt Reporter. . 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