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* . Let's see. YALE USFAWA DAILY YTIVIED, TOUTS YT, mwaVws «o v ow "TELEGRAPH - ST Jw NB. A party of Canadian newspaper men, representative of many Caua- dian newspapers, while touring ' JOURNAL, AT WARWICK England recently made the ac- quaintance of Norman Edwards, English press artist' who accompan- ied them to several places of inter EY [ NiAGARA PALS GETS "Te WARWICK CASTE Feng J" Bimnghon , EY est, including Warwick and Strat- ford. Here is a group of his '"'per- sonal' impressions. ~ Many English Estates on Market For Sale or Rental (By A. R. Kennedy, Editor of the Stratford Beacon-Herald) London, July 8--Poets have sung about the stately homes of England and well they might. If a person were to arrive at onc of these stately homes and depart without having seen anything else, it would be a very beautiful picture to carry away. But the plain truth is that there are many millions here who do not live in stately homes. They feel the pinch of poverty until it hurts all the time, I have not grown used to London papers, although I get a fresh pile of them morning and evening. The idea of a great metropolitan paper filling up the first two or three pages with advertising does not appeal to a Canadian at all. : But the back page of the Times interests me very much. I read it continually because it is full of pic- tures of great estates that are being offered for sale, and there are al- ways photographs of the mansions. By a strange coincidence I was in the memorial chapel at St. Paul's the other day wiherc great honor is paid to Kitchener, Today in the Times I read that "by direction of the trustees of the late Earl Kit- chener of Khartoum," his mansion at Broome Park, Barham, near Can- terbury, will be offered for sale." Here 1s the method of description: "The stately mansion built in 1635 in the Tudor style and formerly the aome of the late Lord Kitchener, zontains six reception rooms, bil- liard room, ten best bedrooms, ade- quate sccondary and staff bedrooms, fine bath rooms and complete offi- ses, The estate contains 656 acris Small by Comparison But this place is small when com pared to others offered for salc Here's one right in the centre of the page, and the picture makes it look as imposing as Buck- ingham palace. By direction of the Countess of Warwick it is to be let. furnished, together with sporting rights over 4,000 acres if desired. 'This place has 22 best bed rooms, baronial hall and all manner of oth- er rooms. Likewise is Kedleston Hall, in Der- byshire, for many years .the resi- dence of the late Marquis Curzon of Kedleston, to be let with all the furnishings, There are 6,000 acres of excellent shooting attached to this place, Here's another, just 20 miles from Hyde Park corner with 900 acres. In this place there are ten bath rooms, which is more abundantly supplied with this modern method of cleanliness than the average ho- tel in London or on the continent. In case any of the folk at hom are interested in some of the es- tates being mentioned, I might sug- gest this one which has less land than the others. It has a mere 34.2 acres hitched to it, but to make np for that there are 25 principal bed and dressing rooms and cight recep- tion rooms. Surely such a place would solve the problem of some of my friends out in the country who say they have no place to put all the visitors from the city who persist in coming out on Sunday. Perhaps you grow weary with the description of these places, but let us turn for the moment to the coast of Wales. This is the Welsh scat of the Earl of Dunraven, and will be let for a period of years, It has a suite of seven reception rooms, 20 principal bed rooms, and ample ac- commodation for servants. There is stabling for six hunters and garage room for six cars. Also it'is stated that the shooting rights over 4,340 acres "provide a good mixed bag." Yes, these homes are - beautiful, but I am told they are hard to main- tain. Servants will not work for what they once received, and in many cases the income of the owner is not what it used to be. Beautiful as these places are, they are finger posts to a condition here which one can see at every turn: Wealth piled up in great heaps, and just a little farther on, poverty sitting in misery. It is a condition foreign to Canada, and | hope 1t always will be. The old-fashioned fellow who never thought anything of walking 18 or 20 miles in an afternoon has a grandson who never thought of it either--Kingston Whig-Standard. Good driving isn't just a wnatter of playing safe. You must allow an extra margin of safety to care for a fool.--St. Catharine's Stand- ard. CHINA RAIL SYSTEM FAR BEHIND TIME Years of Unrest Have Dis- rupted Plans For Ex- pansion of Lines ADVICE IS SOUGHT Shanghai, China.--It is a truism bordering upon the commonplace to say that the gravest of China's ills are economic, 'With this truism ring- ing in its ears, the Nanking govern- ment has turned itsclf to tackling this great ill, which it finds specific- ally to lie in the field of railroad transportation, China has long had a number of foreigners attending at its sickbed. Some of these have been in the na- ture of "experts," others have at- tempted railroad management, others to sell equipment, and still others to guard the financial interests of those bondholders in distant countries who havecontributed funds tolay tracks and to operate the trains. Finally Get Fair Advice But it was leit to the ministry of railroads to call in a new type of foreigner to look over the field, a type which has no self-interest and is willing to survey the transporta- tion problem and coldly advise as to the best measures to be taken to put the patient on its feet--which means that trains shall run on time and frequently; that equipment does not rot upon its wheels; and that a care- fally weighed program of expansion and development be outlined. How real the problem is and how far China is behind the times is quickly evident. of 1,532,000 square miles and a popu- lation of approximately 410,000,000. Tt has just 7770 miles of railroad. The United States has a land area of 2,973,776 square miles and a _popu- lation of about 110000000. Tt has 250,156 miles of railroad China Has Trade But No Tracks The United States went pioneering and built railroads, trusting that in the years to come enough freight could be developed to make them Real Shoe VALUES tor the Thrifty Shopper Now is the time to save your shoes. Or Ties, cuban heels. with high heels, Genuine calf leather oxfords in black or brown solid lea- ther insoles and counter's. Sale Price $4.85 Women's Patent Leather Straps Brown strap Wonderful Value at $2.65 money on cut outs WOMEN'S SHOES Real money savers in patent | strap. Cuban or high heels, brown ties with SalePrice $3.65 LADIES !! Here is solid comfort in house slip- pers leather soles and rubber heels. Sale Price $1.20 R. NEILL, Limited 12 SIMCOE STREET NORTH "The Store of Better Varues" ' China has an area} pay. China today ha senough freight to feed all the railroads of the world and to remove any outstanding mort- gages they might have upon them. America had to create business for her lines; China has thebusiness but no cars or tracks to put it on, China's steel arteries have been paralyzed by political unrest, which is another way of saying her rollin stock has been seized and mutilate by military adventurers or war lords. For example, one railroad has a total of 4400 cars on its books, but on the tracks it has but 400. The other'4,000 were taken into Manchuria when Marshal Chang Tso-lin fled from Pe- king for Mukden in 1928, Obviously that railroad is not operating at its highest eefficiency. American advisers to the ministry of railroads--and they include J. J. Mantell, vice-president of the Mil- waukee system--are engaged in mak- ing a survey of China's railroads, Re- gardless of what recommendations they may make after some months' study, today they appear to be agreed that the foundations of the system are in excellent shape, that the mor- ale of the Chinese staff is beyond compare, that much of the equip- ment is in good condition considering they lack replacements, and that the roadbeds are in most instances su- perior to those in America. ~ Upon such a foundation much may be done, Officials Trained in America However, there are certain anoma- lies that are striking. For instance, 80 per cent of Chinese locomotive en- gineers cannot read or write; against this more than the same percentage of officials and persons of responsi- bility are American college gradu- ates. The universities of Chicago, Stanford, Columbus, Cornell, Illinois, Michigan are heavily represented, but these Chinese are in the unfor- tunate position of lacking leadership with vision, for none of their super- iors seem to have a definite program of expansion or development. The books are close lined with regula- tions, many of them contradictory, many of them serving purposes which have long ceased to exist. Because most of the equipment is twenty years old, it is an ungainly mixture. Locomotive and cars, ties and rails, systems of accountancy and management, from America, England, France, Germany, Belgium, Russia, On one of the most impor- tant railroads, from Peking to Han- kow, down the backbone of China, the official language is French, for the railroad was constructed with French and Belgian funds, This is China, Such a state of affairs is explained. Chinese railroads been financed with foreign loans. Bondholders in England, Germany, Japan, Russia, France and Belgium have been granted the precaution, and a natural one, of seeing that their interests were efficiently man- aged. Hence most of the Chinese government-owned railways have been managed by British, French, Belgian and other foreign railroad men. . Foreigners Seek Concessions Foreign interest in Chinese rail- roads dates back to China's war with 'Japan in 1895. The Chinese imperial coffers were emptied in paying war indemnity, so the foreign nations jumped in on the assumption that to finance railroads in China meant the granting of foreign concessions, that they could obtain administrative con- trol of the railroad areas. The battle of concessions termin- ated with the Boxer uprising, and in 1908 China provided that in accepting railroad loans she retained ownership of the railroads but granted the right of skilled foreigners occupying cer- tain important railroad posts. The result of forcign participation to this extent has been the complete lack of unity of systems or even of aims of political unrest has been paralysis of expansion. Add to this the fact that Chinese railroads have never been operated on an efficient cost basis, as it is known to American railroad administrators, and one has in a paragraph the chief complaint from which Chinese railroads are to- day suffering. Will Evade New Obligations China has a long way to go to bring the system to its proportionate pay- ing basis, and still leave room for much-needed development to suit the tremendous needs of this huge na- tion. The ministry of railroads is prepared to go the whole distance and is waiting until its American ad- visers make their recommendations. What these will be none can tell, but it may be considered certain that China will not be urged to go on a spending debauch. Conservation in assuming new obligations is consid- ered essential if she is to make the full use of the good features of her system and build upon the excellent fcundation which the Nanking gov- ernment has inherited from the past. WRITER REVIEWS CHINESE DISPUTE Russia Had Pledged Herself To Rerain From Propaganda easily have . Toronto, Ont, Aug. 1.--Writing in the Mail and Empire under the caption "Russia and China Fight over Railroad," J. V. McAree has provided the following historical re- view of the Manchurian dispute which recently resulted in the sever- ance of diplomatic relations between Soviet Russia and China:-- Perhaps as much through a dis- trust of Russia as a consideration of the facts which so far have come to light the rest of the world will be inclined to believe that China is in the nigh in the Manchurian dispute. The Chinese position is that when the agreement was made with Rus- sia five years ago as to the manage- ment of the Chinese Eastern railway Russia pledged herself to refrain from propaganda in Chinese terri- tory. Subsequently evidence came to light that Russia had violated this pledge, thus vitiating the agreement. Therefore China deposed the Rus- sian officials and took control of the system. The Russians on the other hand say that China had seized their property with no more legal auth- ority than is cited when Chinese ban- dits seize foreigners and hold them for ransom. Who owns the railway? That is in dispute and the trouble 3 Big Days - A Mammoth Monthly Sale Event of Interest to One and All Wondertul Bargains in Every Section of the Store COME AND SEE AND SAVE Charming Junior Dresses Misses Styles in Great Variety-- come early and secure first choice Attractive youthful dresses for the young lady. See them at our store. MB760--Dresses for girls 13 to 17 years of age--An attrac tive assortment of Printed Dimity and Printed Lawn Dresses with White organdy inset effects, collars, tuckings, bows, pockets--all so attractive and all new dainty colored ef- fects, This assortment usually sells at from $1.59 to $1.98. DURING 3 BIG DAYS each. $1. 19 Children's Summer Dresses Panty Dresses and Dresses in excellent variety MB758--Dresses for Children ages from 8 to 6 years-- Materials of shadow stripe printed dimity, cotton char- meuse, and dainty patterned prints, with catchy collar, pocket and cuff trimming effects self piping and buttons. Both panty styles and regular dresses in this attractive assortment. Made to sell for $1.50, DURING THREE BIG DAYS, each 2 ~ = Girls' Dresses to wear now A real surprise for you in both price and quality MB759--This splendid array of Dresses for Girls from 7 to 14 years of age. Printed lawns, printed ba'- iste, and fine qual- ity tissue, in newest prinitings and very smart trimming ef- fects; bows, collars *s, of White and | colored organdies; plenty of style to these and colorings that will please you. These very attractive dresses for girls usually sold at $1.59. DURING BIG 98c 3 DAYS each * MB760--Ages 13 to 17 MB750--Ages 7 to 14 will not be ended until ownership is vested in one nation or the other. Or perhaps, we should say that it will not be over until China owns it. But if the question is: Who found the money to build the railroad? the answer is more favorable to Russia. The railroad itself is the product of the war between China and Japan in 1894, at the conclusion of which China had to pay Japan a large indemnity. But China feared that Japan would shortly come back with territorial de- mands which indeed she had present- ed after the war and which she was induced to abandon only as the re- sult of outside pressure. So China was in a mood to protect herself against future troubles by a kind of road through Manchuria, beginning in Siberia and ending in Vladivostok. It was understood, though it did not appear in the formal documents, that in exchange for this Russia would protect China from future Japanese attacks. More than the right to build the road was ceded. China gave the right of way to Russia and also gave to Russia ownership of and control over any cities that might in future grow up around the roalroad. For all practical purposes the rail- road and its, towns and cities and necessary expansions were to be Russian territory, At the end of 80 years the road was to be handed back to China without cost, but it was provided that at the end of 36 years China might buy the road by paying for all the capital invested, plus interests charges. One of the developments of the railroad was a branch line run through Manchuria to Port Arthur. This brought Rus- sia almost within the Japanese sphere of influence and was one of the chief causes of the Russo-Japanese war. At the end of the struggle .Tapan took possession of this branch line, and one of its first steps was to change the gauge of the rails so that in case another war broke out Rus- sia could not use the part of the system entering the Japanese zone of influence. But up to the beginning of the World War Russia remained in control of the main part of the railroad, despite the fact that Chin- ese restlessness under the old agree- ment was visibly increasing. When the revolution broke out China thought she saw an opportunity of getting hold of a line which was built through Chinese territory and which was growing more and more important not only commercially but politically with the growth of cities along the right of way. But the new Russian government was not disposed to be shorn of the railroad. It was, nevertheless, will- ing to make a new agreement with China. This agreement was much more favorable to China than the old one and was hailed at the time as showing the sincerity of the pro- fessions of the Societ government to live at peace with its neighbors. It recognized the .railway as purely a commercial undertaking and resigned to China all control over the towns through which it passed. It was agreed that Chinese and Russians should have equal opportunities of employment and that China should be fairly represented among the direc- tors. ertainly China could have made no such bargain with Czarist Russia ,but on the other hand, Czar- ist Russia would not have sought to use the railroad for propaganda pur- poses. Perhaps it can be admitted that China took rather a high hand. If so it can be asserted that it is time that China did take a high hand. China is changing. She is tired of foreign interference in her affairs and it must be admitted that foreign interference is very much a thing of the past. Old treatics may be still in existence which were forced upon China in her days of weakness, but they are not in operation. The ex- tra-territorial treaties are not being enforced." China is not so much awakening as she is uniting. There is a central government in Nanking, which if it controls only a fraction of China, is daily extending its auth- ority, China has now under arms more men than any other nation in the world. She has by far the larg- est reservoir from whieh soldiers can bedrawn. She has had the benefit in recent years of two extraordinary sagacious foreign ministers, Dr, C, C, ! Wu and C. T. Wang.' Holder of the New York-San Francisco flight record, Capt. Frank Hawks is now in eastern Canada with his 425 horsepower Lockhecd monoplane, The photographs show: Top, Capt. Hawks' 'plane, Bottom, left to right, .Capt. Ray Collins, who accompanied Capt. Hawks; Capt. Frank Hawks and Capt. FE. M. Hand, president of the Toronto Flying Club,