The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

SATURDAY, AUGUST 23, 1947 THE DAWY TIMES-GAZETTE "--_ 4 PAGE FIVE Rio Presents Enigma, What Is Aggression? By SIGRID ARNE "AP. Foreign Affairs Analyst At the Rio conference of the American republics an old interna- lonal teaser has risen again: when do friendly powers go to each oth- ers' help? _ Time and again countries have tried to define aggression so they would be agreed at what point to gang up and stop a war-maker. t seems simple enough to a lay- man, But the League of Nations spent months arguing the question d got nowhere, Russia's foreign ommissar of the day, Maxim Lit- vinov, pressed for an argument that would send the member states out aftear anyone who: 1. Declared war on another 2. Invaded .another country. _3. Attacked the territory, ves- sels or aircraft of another power. .4. Set up a naval blockade. 5. Supported armed bands ac- tive in another country or refused to take steps at home to deny aid to such bands, oa Provisions in Treaties Litvinov failed in the league, but nder him in the 30's Russia put he provisions into treaties with nia, Estonia, Latvia, Poland, key, Iran and Afghanistan. | Some now think that, if the league had approved the Litvinov Rian, point 5 would have prevented e Second World War, It could ave been invoked against Germany 2, Spain, Austria and CZzechoslo- i And ironically, with Litvinov ill WIT USUI, WARY SusSsia B| would be adjudged the pulprit under his formula. The ida of defining aggression ot a little flesh on its bones at e 1945 Chapultepec conference. ere the the American republics @id promise to stop any power whose troops crossed international borders in the Western Hemisphere. # Flunked at San Francisco 1 The idea came up at the °San ancisco conference of the United ations, but failed. ! Now the republics gathered - at ip have been asked again to de- dide "when aggression starts. + Cuba's Guillermo Belt started it #ith a request for action against feconomic aggression." That shot was fired at the United States, Which, through a recent sugar act, rmits the Secretary of Agricul- re to limit American purchase of ar wherever a nation refuses p erican citizens fair treatment. Si hat worries Cuba because her elfare rises and falls by large sale of sugar to the US. But Belts' demand is a perfect ample of the difficulty of defin- aggression, which has become § varied and so fancy. § In evening let-your-hair-down sessions, diplomats have asked each other: Was it aggression when Germany broadcast war propagan- da to the Germans in Czechoslo- vakia? Was it war when Italy sent troops into Ethiopia after a small shooting at the Wal-Wal water hole? Was it war when the Japs said the Chinese bombed a railroad at Mukden? The Japs moved in to "protect" the railroad, and later took all of Manchuria, while the league debated whether it was war. Want Alarm Clock The time which debates take is one thing which worries the small powers. They would like a sort of international alarm clock to "ring when war has started, and they have thought a list of aggressive acts would be the answer. But the United States doubts the value of a rigid list. She argu- es that the start of war today can take such varied forms that the Americas should have, rather, an agreement for quick consultation to determine whether war has start- American observers think the Americas have a better chance than usual to agree on some formula that will shorten the lag between the start of war and the rallying of the peaceful countries. If they succeed the warning sign will be' hoisted higher against land-grab- bers and goverhiment-wreckers. Hog Marketings Up In July Hog marketings during July of this year rose 18 per cent above those of July, 1946, L. W. Pearsall, Chairman of the Meat Board has announced. Last July was the third succes- sive month to show greater market- ings than in the corresponding months of 1946, June advancing 15 per cent and May, eight per cent. July's increased marketings were almost entirely due to heavier of- ferings from Eastern Canada which marketed 29-7 per cent more hogs than in July, 1946. Ontario rose by 39.5 per cent and Quebec by 49.1 per cent. Hog marketings from the -three prairie provinces were down 6.7 per cent from those of July, 1946, but are improved from June, 1947, when they were 13.7 per cent less than in June, 1946, All Canada hog marketings for the first seven months of 1947 total 2,619,210, or five per cent less than the 2,753,109 hogs marketed during the corresponding period of 1946. Defence Minister Scores Bull's Eye Su SERS i Not content with being a spectator during his visit to C Rifle Ranges, mear Ottawa, where the Dominion of Canada Rifle Association meet was in progress, Def Minister Claxt borrowed a rifle from Major G. A. Henderson, of Hamilton, flopped down on the ground, drew a bead and fired. The signal came back: "Bull's-eye." Mr. Claxton grinned and as he handed back the rifle, Lt.-Gen. Charles, Foulkes, chief of the general staff, quipped: "That must be a good rifle.i" Reontenl WE ig igs ' x C.S.M. Norman Beckett, of Hamiltofi, Ont. pictured above being congratulated by Major Desmond Burke after winning the Governor-General's prize at the annual ting of the Dominion of Canada Rifle Associa- tion at Connaught Ranges. C.S.M. Beckett captured the Governor-General's prize in 1939, the last year of the DCRA meet before the war. He is a son of Henry Beckett, Hamilton, who was a marksman in DCRA meets before 1900. C.S.M. Beckett served overseas with the Canadian Army in Sicily and Italy. In addition to receiving a gold medal, C.S.M. Beckett also was presented with a cash prize of $200. Taft-Hartley Act Limits U.S. Unions : By MAX HALL Washington, Aug. 22, -- (AP) -- The Taft-Hartley Act, most of which went into effect yesterday, limits United States labor ons in what they can do and wha! of contracts they can get from - ployers, | But it leaves collective barghin- ing, the strike, and the strike threal as vastly important factors in the American scene. The new law reaffirms the "rights of employees" which have been the rhaet trh?k HT RA HT RAHTHT heart of the Wagner Act for the last 12 years, but it sets. up some new conditions for invoking the law to obtain those rights. It changes the emphasis in gov- ernment labor policy away from protecting unions, and it changes the functions of federal labor agencies. It contains some new responsi- bilities for employers, as well as unions. The new' law, officially entitled the Labor-Management Relations Act of 1947, applies to industries in inter-state commerce, including nearly all manufacturing, mining and comm tions. It does not apply to ral ds or airlines, which are under the Rallway Labor Act, nor to local enterprises like retail stores or restaurants, Some provisions went into effect June 23, when the law was enact- ed. The rest of it, including a wholly-revamped Wagner Act, took effect yesterday. } Present contracts, however, will Tun uniii they expire, or in some cases until July 1, 1948. So, in a 'way, the impact of the law will be gradual. NO STOCK MANIPULATION Philadelphia, Aug. 23. -- (AP) -- The Securities and Exchange Com- mission after a six-months survey says that the Sept. 3, 1946, New York stock exchange break, sharp- est noted in nine years, was not manipulated. The commission's announcement after a study by its trading and exchange commission of all transactions in each 15-min- ute period of the day in question stated that "nowhere does it appear the over-all market action resulted from planned or concerted action by any group." OPPORTUNITY FOR SERVICES Ottawa, Aug. 23--(CP)--Members of Canada's armed services now may be temporarily detached from military duty to gain experience in employment with some of Canada's larger industrial firms, the Defence Department has announced. Dwindling U.S. Corn Crop Spells Meatless Menus Washington, Aug. 23. -- (AP) -- Unless good rains break the mid- western heat wave quickly, Ameri- can housewives may as well resign themselves to some meatless menues next summer, and possibly much higher prices for what meat they do get. A special Agriculture Department report showed that bad crop wea- ther has cut corn production pros- pects to the lowest level since the severe drought year of 1936. And this 's corn crop will largely de- te e the size of the United States meat supply in 1948. A smaller meat supply would hit consumers hardest in the summer since this is the season when live- stock marketings normally drop to their lowest level. The department said the heat wave, which has gripped the mid- western corn belt since late July, has cut corn prospects from 2,770,- 000,000 on July 15 to 2,437,000,000 bushels by Aug. 15--a decline of 333,000,000. The government's original goal was 3,000,000,000 bushels. And officials have said that around 2,- 850,000,000 bushels would be needed to maintain meat production near the present high livel of 155 pounds a year for each person. Average for the last 10 years was 2,639,000,000. Should the weather continue un favorable and reduce prospects still further, the government might find it necessary to trim wheat ex- port goals and ask congress for new authority to limit use of corn for mak whisky and other indus- trial produets. It had such author- ity during the war and until July 1 this year. Discover Remnants Of Indian Palisades Midland, Aug, 23.--(CP) -- Post moulds of palisades which once surrounded an Indian village have been discovered by Wilfrid WwW, Jury, curator of University of West- ern Ontario's. museum of Indian and pioneer life, at nearby Me- donte where he and two compan- ions have been digging for two weeks, The site has long been considered that of the village of St. Joseph where Father Antoine Daniel met his death more than 300 years ago as the firsta of the Jesuit martyrs. Mr. Jury and his companions have also found large ash heaps containing Indian pottery and othe er relics, East to West OGDEN'S Rolls Best EASY TO ROLL--DELIGHTFUL TO SMOKE "PIPE SMOKERS! ASK FOR OGDEN'S CUT PLUG." © PARACHUTE JUMPS IMPORTANT FEATURE: The Public Are Cordially Invited MAMMOTH AIR SHOW 'DOMINION OF CANADA FINALS FOR THE Webster Memorial Trophy THE GREATEST NATIONAL AIR EVENT OF THE In Addition to The Dominion Finals 1here will be an Air Show Commencing at 2.30 p.m. to 5 p.m. © AEROBATICS @ LIGHT PLANE RACE MANY LUCKY ATTENDANCE PRIZES! ONTARIO COUNTY FLYIN © GLIDERS 100 Planes Will Participate In Mammoth Air Show During Afternoon ©® HELICOPTER FLYING RCAF "400" Squadron will be in Attendance ® ADMISSION Adults--50c Children-15¢ @ Free Parking on the Field