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28 THE DAILY TIMES-GAZETTE, Thursday, May 7, 1953 Tap Sea's Heat For Energy At the present time, France is completing the installation of a new type of power station on the Ivory Coast; one equipped to pick up thermal energy from the sea. Whereas world resources in coal and oil are doomed to in- evitable exhaustion, the ocean pow- tions will control a source of that is definitely inexhaust- admittedly, but driving steam none the less, as we shall see, Picture a closed reservoir, form ing a 'boiler without a fire" or boiling vessel, that is connected with a condenser by means of a turbine. A high vacuum is first made in this apparatus by special pumps. Surface water at 28 centi- grade is led into the vacuum and steams over the slabs; it vapor- izes immediately -- part at any rate -- producing an enormous mass of low pressure steam which rushes into the condense, through the turbine which it turns. The steam turns back into water again in the condenser, through the tur- bine which it turns. The steam turns back into water again in the condenser, as it comes into con- tact with great masses of cold wat- tract the air dissolved in natural sea water and which would soon ! destroy the vacuum in the closed power station. {CONDUIT LOST | Planned in this way, the experi- | mental station at Matanzas runs | normally and produces kilowatts: | it would have given interesting in- | dustrial results had an accident | not destroyed the great conduit which was to get cold water from a depth of 600 metres. | The problem of setting up a tidal | thermal power station consists fun- | damentally of selecting a site where | an indentation under the sea in the | land plateau reduces the distance | | that separates the sea bottom from ithe coast. Near Abidjan conditions | are particularly favorable, since a lagoon provides warm waters and the famous *'bottomless pit' makes cold water at 7 centigrade avail- out to sea, has been investigated and found to be impracticable. We thus return to use of the immersed conduit which will be constructed in rigid sections 50 metres long with a diameter of 2)2 metres, con- nected by pliable joints and thus possessing a. certain amount of | flexibility. Very recent tests car- ried out at Abidjan have concen- | trated on methods of immersing | piping of considerable diameter to centre; its axis crosses the top of the 'station tower" by a hermetic joint and ends up in the electical engines; the alternator and excit- er are set outside. This arrange- ment is similar to that of river hydro-electric stations, for instance at Kembs or Donzere-Mondragon. Here are some figures. or 15,- 000 kilowatts of power there is a 37 mtre station diameter and a height of 18 metres, and a diameter of 14 metres for the turbine wheel. That gives some idea of the im- mensity of the machinery involved. The whole installation will be built underground, in a shaft, the low tide water level reaching half way | Apart from considerations that | up the power station, this to re- are strictly connected with the sea, | duce the work of the pumps. Plans (there is no doubt as to the fact for the 15,000 kilowatt turbine at that this new system of exploiting | very low pressure have been work- | ed out by the Compagnie Electro- Mecanique and the Societe Rateau. | ergy for the different countries. In | to continue until the bad weaher | ing the period November 1953 to February 1954. a a ¥. r Storm Damage Nullifies a engineers working to harness the "warm heat" opens up new pos- heat of Vesuvius have not obtain- sibilities as regards sources of en-|ed steam, but very hot water; this "warm heat" may be put into use Good Lobster Season HALIFAX (CP)--Despite a good season catch and high prices, many Nova Scotia lobster fishermen say their financial return will show a a.depth of 400 metres. These are drop because of storm damage. With the season not yet closed, sets in and then be completed dur-|no figures are available on the catch but normally it averages | about 18,000,000 pounds bringing a production return of $6,- The lobster industry in Nova Scotia, which tops that of New Brunswick and Prince Edward Is- land, is second only to the cod | fishery, A large portion of the catch is marketed in the live or boiled stae through retail outlets. At the middle of the season the price was 60 cents a pound for boiled lobsters in Halifax. At one time the ma- | jority of the lobsters were canned. { TRAPS OF LATH More than 2,000 fishermen a year put out from the numerous smail ports of the province. Operating from small motor boats, the first smaller end inside the-trap. Just opposite 'small opening is the bait--almpst any kind of salted or fresh fish. Lobsters, living on fhe ges, bol, 3 el teen Ca ee they fall inside the end, but t | trap, are unable to make their way the out through narrow From here on its just a matter of hauling in the traps and taking the Obst ® ig when taken Lobsters are g {rom the water, They turn red when bofled. NO EASY JOB Qa y simple in design, lob- ster fishing is not easy. Traps have to be made, ropes and buoys re- paired and the boat kept in shape. Hauling the heavy traps into the boat is back-breaking toil and through it all there is always the threat of storm and death. Already this season two Nova er Sly ha = of sunshine stored away by the surface regions of the Sea, says a writer for French In- formation Service. The famous French physicist Lazare Carnot, taught us a cen- fury ago that heat can be trans- formed into mechanical energy er coming from the bottom of the |able. INTAKE PROBLEM | France itself, people are consider- by means of new low pressure tur- sea. The power station plan houses | The great drawback about tidal ing as a paying proposition the | bines. The scale of capital involved | step is to set the traps--a half-cyl- | An impressive array of pumps the evaporator, the turbine and the [thermal stations, as the accidents utilization of heat lost in various is the same as for hydraulic sta- |inder of lath work weighted down |is necessary not only to bring the | condenser together in a special |at Matanzas have shown is the in- factories, and even deep "geother- tions of equal power, for after-| with rock. cold and hot water, but to drain tower that is a vacuum tight the take of cold water. The under-| mic" heat from the abandoned oil wards running is almost free of, In each end is a net entrance, the "used" warm water and ex- horizontal type turbine is in the ground tunnel solution, opening far 'wells in the Pyrenees. In Italy, cost. | shaped like a funnel wih the Scotians have drowned while lob- ster fishing. Want to buy, sell or trade? A Classified Ad and the deal is made. provided that one possesses two : a hot source, like the cold source, like the condenser of . PS in everything but Price! the same engine. TROPICAL CONTRASTS In tropical seas, surface waters are often brought up to a tempera- ture of 28 centigrade by rays of the sun, while the bottom of the sea stays cold, at about 7 centi- grade Nature has combined the two "sources" for us -- and in what abundance! -- one above the other within a few hundred metres of each other. Carnot points out, it is true, that the output of the machines utilized will improve the greater the dif- ferences of temperature are. Hence the. high production of diesel engines which bring into play dif- ferences of temperature of 1,800 degrees, and the poor output of steam engines, where the differ- ence hardly exceeds 160 degrees. In our case, with the very small difference of 21 degrees, an almost paltry output is to be expected. But of what matter, when the ocean is at one's disposal! Such are the original ideas of Georges Claude, the well known French scientist and industrialist, who has given France a definite lead in this field, with his experi- ments at Qugree - Marihaye and Matanzas. These were followed up by the French government after the war; research now going on at Abidjan under the Energie des Mers (sea energy) Company. It comes under the twofold aegis of the Electricite de France Company and the Min- istry for Overseas France. HOW Ir WORKS How jare the engines to be turn- Wl with water at 28 'centigrade. t uld be an insoluble prob- iff water only reached boiling | at 100 degrees, as in our . But one should not for- mt water boils at much lower "atures if placed in a spot fressure is lower than at- ¥ re. 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