The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

LONDON SUBWAY STILL GROWING London's "tube", the 91-year- old grand-daddy of the world's subway systems, still is growing. Since the Second World War 35 | miles have been added to the world's largest sybway system and plans call for adding another 60 miles. Shown here is the brightly-lighted lower . concourse at Gants Hill station which leads to train platforms from escalators capable of handling up to 10,000 persons an hour. 2 (CP Photo) TORONTO'S BEHIND TIMES London's Tube System " Now 91 Years Old Canada's first subway opens in Toronto, March 30. Here's a story about the world's oldest and largest underground system. By RON EVANS Canadian Press Staff Writer LONDON (CP) -- London's "tube," the 91-year-old "gran- daddy" of the world's subway sys- tems, is still growing. PL Juin fed rain vow Na miles ack, large underground, to service a city and suburban area' of 2,000 square miles--only a little smaller than Prince Edward Island. Since the Second World War, 35 miles have been added to the "world's largest subway Syste and plans call for another miles at an estimated cost of £114,000,000. ' IMPROVEMENT SLOGAN But directors of the government- owned London Transport executive are more concerned with improv- ing rather than extending a ser- vice used by almost ,000,000 passengers annually an vis- : itors wonder how if can be done when the present system, which served as a model for those in Glasgow, Moscow, Stockholm, Copenhagen and Istanbul, whisks them to any part of the city in a matter of minutes--and in com- fort too. Here's how # works: The tube traveller enters one of the metropolitan area and n chases his ticket from a ve machine, which automatically pro- vides ch ,_or from one of sev- eral . Line-ups at the ticket windows rarely run to more than four or five persons except at lecming centres such as Picca- High-speed escalators and ele- vators take passengers to plat- forms at many stations. The esca- lators run at about 150 feet a min- ute and can handle 10,000 persons an hour. The longest escalator, at Leicester Square, drops 80 feet while the Hampstead station ele- vator falls 192 feet. below street level. On the platform, the passenger probably waits three or four min- utes, If he's travelling at a busy hour and from a main down-town station, the chances are he'll catch a train in less than 90 seconds. SIX-COACH TRAINS Most trains comprise six coaches, each seating to 48 pas- sengers. The latest have fluores- cent lighting, wide windows and scarlet upholstery, patterned with the familiar LT bar-and-circle symbol. Smoking is permitted some coaches. All doors are air-operated and automatic. In wet weather they can be switched over to manual, push-button control so that only a few need be opened at suburban surface stations. Trains on all six main lines and the numerous branches run at an average speed of 20 miles an hour and reach that rate in 17 seconds from a standing start. Most passengers make one or more changes during a single trip --statistics show the average jour- is 5% miles long and takes 16 utes--but the single ticket takes them all the way and is not surrendered until the last station. Switches from one line to another can be made at 18 interchange RACE FOR SPACE By LEIF ERICKSON ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (AP Dr, Lincoln La Paz, director of the University of New Mexico's institute of meteoritics, says "the nation first establishing a station in space will win absolute control of the earth. La Paz is an expert of meteors and meteorites. He has spent his scientific life searching for and studying the cosmic masses which survive flight through the atmos- phere and crash into the earth. La Paz brought Clyde Tom- baugh, who in 1930 discovered Pluto, the ninth major planet, to the University of New Mexico in 1946 but soon lost him to the White Sands atomic proving ground. At White Sands, Tombaugh has since organized a search for small nearby moons which may be wheel- ing undetected about the earth. f Sombaugi's search for a small nearby satellite--say 1,000 miles up --is successful, La Paz believes it can be manned as a "station in space. WOULD SAVE DOLLARS "Using such natural stations would save many billions of dol- lars of taxpayers money which would otherwise have to be spent building an artificial satellite ve- hicle," he says. Why would a space station mean military domination? "First," La Paz answers, 'by providing an ideal site from which , 35 Military Implications Of Space Station Many to keep hostile areas under tele- scopic and radar scrutiny. Such a| station would speed around the earth every two hours. "Second, if retaliation becomes | necessary, by employing the sta-| tion in space as a site from which | to launch and guide missiles armed | with atomic' or hydrogen war- heads." stations in central London. Part of the continuing improve- ment program is taken up with repairing and renovating old sta- tions. Some opened in 1863, when the world's first subway was bur- rowed four miles from Paddington to Farringdon street, are still in use. STATION DESIGN All stations are of the same func- tional design, although no two are | exactly alike. In outer London they are either of multi-colored or tan | brick and within the central area | the walls are of polished granite | to shoulder height and portland | stone above. Temperatures are kept at an av- | erage of 73 degrees year-round and | the air is changed every 15 min-' utes. Some 2,600,000 gallons of water are pumped out daily. Transport officials say they are unable to supply separate figures on the cost of the underground. The entire transport system, in. cluding buses and trolley-coaches, | costs £60,000,000 a year. | The biggest chunk, about 55 per cent, is spent on staff which totals 98,474, including 10,590 women. About one-quarter are employed on the underground. Revenue figures also .are un- available but it is known that some » tons of coins are collected each ay. . London Transport's proudest claim is its underground safety re- cord. Only one every 240,000 passengers ever suffers injury, al- though the system runs up an an nual mileage of 215,000,000. Uncertain Venture Turns Out Profitable For Crees ROMEO MAGERA Ci Press Staff Writer QUEBEC (CP)--A somewhat un- certain venture of the Quabee gov- + ernment 22 years ago, ti prov- ince's beaver industry has blos- somed into a highly profitable busi- ness. In recent years the annual value of beaver pelts has ranged from * $500,00 to more than $1,000,000. In 1932, the first provincial beaver reserve was established officially at Rupert House on the east coast of James bay. Eight years later, 800 pelts were taken from the 7,200-square-mile reserve and auctioned off here. Today, there are 11 reserves in northern Quebec, many of them much larger in territory than Ru- pert House and together covering 185,000 square miles. Nearly 26,00 beaver pelts are expected to taken this trapping seasen. Three of the reserves--Manou- anne, Roberval and Bersimis-- were started in 1951, but are not » yet producing. It takes about eight years for the beaver population in a newly-established reserve to grow to a "profitable" size. Between 20 and 250 beaver are transplanted annually to new re serves. About this time each year, planes deliver supplies to trading posts and trapping Eroutds throughput the province, turn picking up pelts. These pelts arrive almost daily at the beaver preserves and fur service headquarters here and are auctioned off $23 each. J. M. Tremblay deserves much of the credit for the development of the Quebec fur industry. The 56- year-old former trapper is director of beaver preserves and fur ser- vice, a branch of the provincial fish and game department. A native of La Tuque, Que.. Mr. Tremblay has held the post for 14 years. He joined the govern- for as much as be {ment when the fur industry was just an infant. Prior to that, he was employed by the Hudson's Bay Company and was in the raw fur business for himself in Montreal. INDIAN WORKERS About 8,000 Indians, including women and children, work the re- serves and co-operate closely in en- | forcing regulations governing the grounds. The Indians, mostly Crees, are assured of enough food--they are fond of beaver meat -- and of enough money to purchase other needs. From sale of pelts, the pro- vincial government gets royalties, much of which goes to developing the industry. Mr. Tremblay predicts that some dpy Quebec beaver production will amount to 60,00 pelts annually, valued at more than $1,000,000. He adds that beaver aren't the only fur-bearing animal in Quebec. There also are mink, otter, musk- rat and Canadian marten or sable. The latter currently is undergoing development similar to the beaver. Mr. Tremblay's pet project is the development of the 45,000-square- mile Lake Mistassini reserve, where he says some of the finest furs in the world can be had. The p cial government last year bullt a modern trading post at the reserve, about 300 es northeast of Quebec City. Indians in the area follow closely the government suggestions on pre- parations of pelts. * Pearson Hopes To * Head Geneva Group * OTTAWA (CP) -- External Af- fairs Minister Pearson said Tues- day he hopes to head Canada's * delegation to the Geneva peace conference on the Korean war. He told the Commons no instruc- tions have been drafted for the guidance of the delegation, but he said the position of the delegation may be clarified for the House in a external affairs debate Thurs- y. she conference opens April 26. PHYSICIAN DIES YONKERS, N.Y. (CP) -- Dr. Esley R. Froats, 51, attending sur- geon and gecretary of the medical board of Yonkers Professional Hos- pital died Tuesday. Born in Spen- cerville, Ont., and a graduate of { Queen's University, Kingston, he \was past president of the Yonkers Academy of Medicine, TTC EDUCATING KIDS TORONTO (CP) -- The Toronto Transit Commission is going to make sure nobody gets lost on its new subway. Hundreds of school- children are being given lessons on how to transfer from street-cars and buses and find their way around. And the TTC has printed 300,000 pamphlets of directions for adults so they won't get lost either. The subway, Canada's first, opens Dr. Ervin Bramhall, army ordn- | ance research chief, in comment | on Tombaugh's satellite search, | said, "It's a little premature to be talking about space stations . . . although maybe we'll be thinking of such things in about five years." La Paz says: '""As long ago as the 1920s Herman Oberth in Ger- many clearly pointed out the mili- tary potential of stations in space. Other nations have been thinking of occupying such stations for 25 years." RUSSIA HAS EXPERTS The United States, he said, got Wernher von Braun, under whom the V-2 rocket was developed at the Nazis' Peenemunde Centre, The Russians captured the great 'majority of the Peenemunde rocket experts and have long had control of the German rocket bases along the Baltic. "We simply cannot safely dis- count the progress that German rocket and space scientists may have made," says La Paz. "Also Russian study of meteor- itics is much better systematized and far better financed than here. At White Stands, which missile research makes the spot on earth closest to space, the acknowledged rocket altitude record is omly miles. This was achieved by a two- stage rocket--a V-2 from which a smaller one was launched near the peak of the V-2's straight-up flight. MANY PROBLEMS SEEN La Paz concedes there are many separate problems to solve before real space flight is possible. Such hazards as space dust, meteorite impact, and cosmic ray bombardment must be overcome. The problems of mere existence in zero gravity must be solved. Fuels producing necessary power and metals able to resist almost incredible temperatures must be produced. La Paz contends that organized direction, as in the Manhattan pro- ject which produced the atom bomb, would achieve the step-by- step progress required. Seeding Rates, Mixtures For Hay and Pasture | OTTAWA -- At this time of year of 2.03 tons per acre or 78.9 per some consideration should be giv- en to the kind and a-- "unt of mea- dow seed which will be required for this spring's seeding needs. The kind of seed and the rate of seed- ing will depend on the type of soil and climate and also on the purpose for which the seeding is made, whether for hay or hay and pasture, says C. B. Dalton, Illus- tration Stations Division, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Few grasses ard legumes meet all requirements under all condi- tions of growth and all purposes or uses, thus the reasons for a mixture. Grasses usually are most | productive in the spring and early summer, remaining relatively un- productive during the rest of the season. Legumes generally are bet- ter yielding than grasses and while they make best growth in spring they continue to grow later into the summer than the grasses to provide more aftermath for hay, silage or pasture. In nine annual ylelds of a hay mixtures and rates of seeding test at the Mindemoya, Ont., Substa- tion, mixture (a) seeded at the rate of 5 lb. of timothy. 6 Ib. of red clover, 5 1b. of orchard grass and 2 1b. of alsike, gave an aver- age yield per acre of 1.14 tons of hay, while, mixture (b) seeded at 8 1b. of timothy, 3 1b. of red clover, 8 1b. of alfalfa (Grimm), and 2 Ib. of alsike yielded and average of 1.80 tons per acre, or 58.1 per cent better yielding than mixture (a). Mixture (c) seeded at the rate of 12 1b. of timothy, 4.5 1b. of alfalfa cent better than mixture (a). Un- der these conditions the heavier | seeding rate gave consistently bet- er hay yield and certain species were better adapted than others, as for example the mixture con- taining timothy was better yield- ing ' than the mixture containing orchard grass. While the seed used in the above experiment was commercial grade, in recent years new varieties of a number of grasses and legumes have been developed and selected, several of which have been tested at the Mindemoya Substation and here they have been found to be bettér than old commercial trains, Climax timothy showed a much heavier , and leafier growth, with proportionately less stems than the commercial seed. Ladak alfalfa yielded 27.3 per cent more ha than Grimm alfalfa in pure seed- ings. Leon and Ottawa varieties of red clover showed greater yielding ability than did commercial seed. Parkland brome grass was super jor to commercial brome in yield and leafiness. Reed Canary grass seeded on low poorly drained land, which is usually under water for several weeks in the spring pro-| duced dense leafy growth with stems reaching to a height of seven and a half feet, This grass is suit- able for pasture, hay or ensilage. It is highly adaptable to low wet land, even thriving on areas which flood for periods of two to three weeks, producing an abundant leafy growth from early spring to late autumn. While reed canar grass does best on low wet soil, it gives good account of itself on (Grimm), 4.5 1b. of red clover and 3 1b. of alsike yielded an average high land. OTTAWA (CP) -- News photog- raphers seldom find anything pic- ture-worthy at parliamentary com- mittees. : Tuesday, however, two of them came upon warden R. M. Allan of Kingston penitentiary who showed the Commons-Senate committee on corporal punishment what a strap and a cat-o'-nine-tails look like. They shot pictures of Mr. Allan holding the two whipping instru- ments, but there were rumblings of protests from.committee mem- bers. Even while the picture-taking was going on, Mrs. Ann Shipley (L--Timiskaming) questioned the propriety of such action. After the committee meeting was opened Davie Fulton (PC--Kam- locps) said news photographs might place witnesses in an em- barrassing situation. He suggested that the committee's steering com- mittee should study the question of picture coverage in the future. TAKES RESPONSIBILITY Don Brown (L--Essex West), next Tuesday. joint committee chairman, said he Pictures Taken Of How Prisoners Are Punished took full responsibility for allow- ing photographers to take the pic- tures. The public was entitled to kndw everything that goes on in the com- mittee and that included news pho- tographs of exhibits shown at meetings. He said he is "highly indebted' for the newspaper coverage given to the work of the committee. Evi- dence presented was not only to help the committee's 27 members make up their minds on capital and corporal punishment and lot- teries. The Ruble also should have access to that evidence. CHAVEZ TO KEEP SEAT WASHINGTON (AP)--The Sen- ate Tuesday defeated a Républiyan attempt to unseat Democratic Sen- ator Dennis Chavez of New Mex- ico. It voted 53 to 36 against in- validating the 1952 torial elec- tion in which Chavez was declared the winner. The resolution which would have declared Chavez' seat vacant because of 'flagrant' ir- regularities in election procedw e. Protest Lake Water Diversion 4 u d espy lk pts march24k OTTAWA (CB) Canada has sent a second note to the United States protesting legislation before con- gress for diversion of . additional water from Lake Michigan into the Chicago waterway. External Affairs Minister Pear- son tabled the March 10 note in the Commons Tuesday. Th: congressional legislation, passed by the House of Representa- tives but not yet by the Senate, would send an additional 1,000 cu- bic feet of water a second into the waterway, a navigable channel that also carries Chicago's waste into the Mississippi river system An earlier note was sent from here March 1, urging that the matter be dealt with by the In- ternational Joint Commission. The Canadian government con- tends the diversion could have an adverse effect on the proposed St. Lawrence Seaway and on the hy- dro power potential at Niagara Falls and in the St. Lawrence river. The new note places special em- hasis on navigation in the Great akes and river. "The effect will be particularly marked in periods of low stage,' it said, "and recent lowering of lake levels indicates that a cycle of low levels may be experienced in the near future. . . If the supply of water is reduced during a cycle of low levels, very serious injury to navigation in boundary waters will undoubtedly result." STEAM-HEATED HOT AIR? NIAGARA FALLS, Ont. (CP)-- The city hall here has been too hot since a section of the boiler used to heat it burst. An old steam tandem roller, which put its best years of service into smoothing asphalt paving on city streets, was pressed into service. It'; a good temporary boiler but the at can't Recreation office open. 9 -12 be controlled. INDIAN MINERS The government of the Republic of India spends $651,000 annually on health facilities for coal miners. bamsi iwi THE DAILY TIMES-GAZETTE, Wednesday, March 24, 1054 18 By HAL BOYLE NEW YORK (AP)--In the dim days: before the juke box, a favor- ite musical instrument was the old- fashioned foot-pumped reed organ. Its quavering notes sounded in nearly every rural church and most prosperous farm homes. In great grandmother's heyday, many a girl tutned the heart of her beau to quivering Jety by her masterly rendition of '"'Annie Laurie' on the old parlor organ. Then the piano came into high fashion %nd swept the organ out of favor. But today the organ is mak- ing a big comeback. It's a $75,- ,000 industry and growing ra- pidly. "In 10 years the electronic organ will be America's most popular home musical instrument," pre- dicted Burton Minshall, 46, one of {the leading manufacturers in the | field. | "By that time it will sound like {a one-man symphony. In the lab | we can reproduce any known musi- cal sound, including those of the percussion instruments, such as drums, cymbals and castanets." | Minshall, who has helped re- volutionize the industry, got into it by accident--trying to please his |wife. He was a young radio re- pairman back in 1929 when his wife Madaline, expressed a desire for jan old-type organ such as she had {played as a girl in the home of {her grandmother. "We didn't have any money," Minshall recalled, "So I decided to take a crack at building one for her." Ten years after he started on the project Minshall finally presented his wife with a successful home- made electronic organ, constructed largely out of old radio parts that cost him $40 "Some of our neighbors heard my fe playing the organ and sug- {gested I ought fo make another one and sell it," Minshall said. Sees Electric Organs In Home Of The Nation THIRTEEN WAS LUCKY. "So in 1940 I made .a second organ. I tried to sell it to 13 funeral directors. Twelve said there was no market for an elec- Hope organ--but the 13th bought n." He built a third organ. He and his wife put it in a truck he bor- rowed from a friend and toured all the funeral homes and churches in a 60-mile radius. Madaline played the organ, Minshall pitched the sales talk. Within a year the couple 'had built and sold 40 organs and brought in $30,000. They were in business, and the business began doubling every year. Today they have 200 employees, two plants--in London, Ont., and Brattleboro, Vt.--and in 1958 had a $5,000,000 volume. Their market has spread from the United States a Canada to 19 foreign coun- ries. U.S. GROUP IN PAKISTAN KARACHI, Pakistan (AP)--An American military mission arrived Monday night from London to sure vey Pakistan's military require- ments for the purpose of United States military aid to this country. | The 11-man mission will spend two {weeks in Pakistan touring mili- | tary establishments. 4 Ln a NS EME deo ay To AND TIRED AT at O URinawy (RE! Lr gly . LAG ej HT15C0 "Y, h es by xa Ug AC the sweetest little N:{[cler.\ § TeRdal=R%.eld(eR *Suggested selling price at port of entry INCLUDING radio... Weather-Eye Conditioned Air System... directional signals . . . continental rear fire mount... cigarette lighter « « « and foam cushion. Here, at last, is the car Canadians have waited for! Here is the car that has unmatched beauty . . . plenty of power with the famous Austin A-40 engine . . . over 40 miles to the gallon. ..amazing driving ease... and, included in the low, low price, all the expensive extras you'd like but some- times can't afford. The Metropolitan is also available in an open convertible model at only ROOM AND BOARD = THE JUDGE 15S WOUND UP FOR ANOTHER HEAD SPIN/. - HE AND A PAL ARE GOING TO MAKE A SPACE SHIP AND SELL IT TO AN AMUSEMENT PARK! IT'LL TAKE OFF FOR A TOUR OF THE STARS WITHOUT LEAVING THE GROUND THEY SAY! SEE THE METROPOLITAN at your nearest Nash dealer's, in convertible, and hardtop models finished in thi latest two-tone colour schemes. * Suggested selling price at port of entry, including all the same wonderful extras! Here's just the opportunity you've been waiting for--a delightful 26-day trip to Sunny Califorma with sightseeing all the way -- Colorado Springs, Cave of the Winds, Grand Canyon, Los Angeles, Hollywood and a side trip south of the border to Tia Juana. Homeward bound, you visit Santa Barbara and Monterey, enjoy a thrilling stop in San Francisco and then retum via Reno, Salt Lake City, Cheyenne and Chicago. Ask your Agent for more details of this ond many other Plagsure Planned Vee~*iang, $235 NEWEST MEMBER OF THE AIRFLYTE FAMILY AMBASSADOR CANADIAN STATESMAN RAMBLER METROPOLITAN Hash ...... of Canada Limited Main Office and Manufacturing Plant -- Toronto, Ontario ROBINSON MOTORS 574 RITSON RD. S. ROUND TRIP FARE FROM TORONTO (Subject fo change) INCLUDES HOTEL ROOM FOR 20 NIGHTS (2 in a room) OSHAWA BUS TERMINAL 14 PRINCE STREET PIAL 3-2241