The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

The Oshawa Times Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited, 57 Simcoe St. S., Oshawa, Ont, Page 4 Friday, Jonuary 23, 1959 'Ontario Will Not Get Blood Transfusion Law Ontario's Attorney-General Kelso Roberts says that legislation, to compel blood transfusions for children whose parents object to it, is not planned at the upcoming session of the Ontario Legislature, The decision is a wise one, It would be extremely difficult to draft compulsive legislation that would not seriously infringe on the individual lib- erty not only of those whose religious beliefs make them object to blood trans= fusions but also of those who hold less restrictive beliefs, Mr. Roberts said that "we have had an opportunity to test the facilities of the Children's Welfare Act under these circumstances, and it has worked out well," Mr, Roberts said, "I don't think we need to go into the matter of compul- sion , , , The courts are in a position to deal expeditiously in any emergency." He felt such legislation would arm mi=- norities with the charge of discrimina~ tion, and might place parents in a po- sition where they could exercise control over their children, The demand to "pass a law" is a com~ mon one, but it should always be resist ed until the fullest, most impartial "ine quiry shows that firstly the new legis~ lation Is necessary, and secondly that it 'fits properly into the structure of juse tice for all, not just one part, -of the population, The laws of this country already form a vast and complex mass, only a small part of which the average layman ever manages to grasp, Making it more com= plex serves io move it further away from common understanding, This is not to say that the body of law should re« main static; far from it. Conditions change and societies develop, Laws be- come archaic and unworkable, At the same time, the body of law can become too fat or too muascle-bound, Our point is that great care be taken with changes and additions ne Scots Will Celebrate Scotsmen from Oshawa to Oshkosh (the long way around) will be celebra- ting at Burns Dinners tomorrow, There will be haggis eaten, bagpipes played and unnumbered stanzas of Rabbie Burns' poetry recited with all the rich dialectic flavor of the original. This is all as it should be, of course, Burns Dinners are held each year at this time, and tomorrow there is a special cause for celebration. The poet was born two hundred years ago, Jan, 25, 1759, in a cottage near Ayr, No, it is not surprising that Scots will pnce more be celebrating the birthday of Scotland's greatest poet a great man and a great poet, What is surpris- ing, however, is the number of non- 'Beots who anrually get into the act, Among the enthusiastic celebrants to- morrow evening, In communities all across the country, will be worthy gen- tlemen whose closest -- perhaps only-- contact with the culture of Scotland has been the reading of the labels on Scotland's most famous product (next to Robert Burns, naturally) This curious identification with things Scottish is no new development, A cen- tury ago when good Scots in Toronto were celebrating the hundredth anni- versary of Burns' birth, one of the pro- minent celebrants and speakers had the distinctly un-Scottish name of Van Koughnet, The most passionate and in- spired toast to "The Immortal Memory" that we ever had the pleasure to listen to was given by a chap who signed himself Alfred Pozzi, Mr, Pozzi had a Scottish wife, however, and a quite re- spectable accent, both of which he had acquired during a fairly lengthy stay in Glasgow There is the same sort of identifica- tion with Irish culture each St, Pat. rick's Day. The green is worn by some of the strangest people, St. David's Day has not suffered a similar invasion, pos- sibly because only the initiated can pro~ nounce such passwords as Pwllgelli and Llanrwst, But these incidentals are unimport- ant, What matters is that the memory of a great poet and a remarkable hu- man being will be properly honored to- morrow night, and on similar nights in all the years to come, Protection, Not Penalty Predictions are being made that 10,- 000 Ontario motorists will have their driving privileges suspended during 1859 under the new driver demerit points system which romes into effect next month, Some newspapers are cheering these predictions, one of them even commenting that "if the estimate is anywhere near accurate if even 5000 drivers are suspended in 11 months ~the value of the demerit system will be beyond question." We think that this is the wrong attitude. The value of the point system will not be decided by the number of mo- torists under suspension but by the number of careful, courteous motorists it adds to those using the roads. In oth- er words, the system is designed not so much to stop people from driving as to produce better drivers There are some drivers, of course, who respond only to punitive methods, They are too stupid to be educated, too brash to be warned, too ignorant for any appeal. If the point system serves to re move these motorists from the roads, and keep them off permanently, then highway safety will be considerably im= proved. For the estimated thousands who will revert from driver to pedestrian during the year, an advance letter of sympathy has been written by F. H, Ellis, general manager of the Ontario Safety League, "As an Individual who thoroughly enjoys the pleasures and convenience of motoring, I can appreciate the sever ity of your self-inflictea handicap," he writes, "But as an executive of the On- tario Safety League I must express satisfaction that you are to get such a powerful demonstration of the all- around benefts of keeping your drive ing performance within the law ond within the bounds of common sense. "It is going to sting in many ways when you have to spend three months in the passenger seat. I can only hope you derive some compensations. Such as an appreciation of some of the good points about public transport, and # realization that there is no actual hard- ship in having to walk half a mile oc- casionally, We hope that when you are welcomed back again as a driver after a three months rest, you will not feel bitter and that you will never again drive in a way that merits suspension. We hope you will understand that you have been kept off the roads as a pro=- tection, not as a penalty, The applica= tion of the points system may hurt you personally, but it may save a life, Be- cause of it there is a little less likelihood that you will be either victim or execu- tioner on Ontario roads." The Value Of Argument Parliamentary government is a de- monstration of the value of argument, There are those who feel any argu- ment is a breach of gentlemanly man- ners, Or putting it inversely, too often a ------------------------------ ee ---- The Oshavon Times T. L. WILSON, Publisher and General Manager, €. GWYN KINSCY, Editor The Oshawa Times, combining The Oshawa Times stoblished 1871) and the Whitby Gazette and hronicle (established 1843), is published daily (Sun- gays and statutory holidays excepted) Members of Canadian Daily Newspapers Publishers Association, The Canadion Press, Audit Bureau of Circulation ong the Ontario Provincial Dailies Association, The Canadian Press is exclusively ene fitled to the use for republication of all news Finolehad in the paper credited to it or to The ssociated Press or Reuters, and also the local news All rights of special despatches published therein ere also reserved } Offices 44 King Street West, 840 Cathcart 51, Montreal, P.Q SUBSCRIPTION RATES Delivered by carriers in Oshawa, Whithy, Ajax, Pickering, Bowmanville, Brooklin, Port Perry, Prince Albert, Maple Grove, Hampton, Frenchman's Bay, Liverpool, Taunton, Tyrone, Dunbarton, Enniskillen, Orono, Leskara, Brougham, Burketon, Claremont, Columbus, Fairport Beach, Greenwood, Kinsale, Rag. Ion, Blackstock, Manchester, Cobourg, Port Hope, Pontypool and) Newcastle not or 40c per week de carriers' year Terento, Ontario; ly mail (in province of Ontario) out delivery areas 12.00; elsewhere 15.00 per AVERAGE DAILY NET PAID 16,166 do we meet those who Insist that "any right thinking person" must "agree with me." Shock, dismay, and social slighting are the result-of a failure to conform to this "gentleman's code." The man who fails to acknowledge the value of argument, who resists open discussion of differences, with the insistence that he is right, has made a religion of his prejudices. His ignor- ance has become a dogma, his conviec- "tion an infallibility. Parliamentary government has no rocm for such gentlemen. But accept- ing the value of argument, a distinc tion must be made between two forms, The first we may term rationalization of beliefs, An argument of this nature becomes a clash of voluble prejudices. No endeavor is made to analyze rea- sons for the differences in feeling. All that results is the strongest presenta- tion possible of differing prejudices. The second type of argument pre- supposes inquiry after truth, and not the assertion of it, It pre-supposes, thus, that the truth is not yet known, It hopes that a sane discussion of known facts will produce a better use of them. Insofar as governments or men fol low this second method they succeeed. Too mary fall, 1 an i "MORE UPSIDE DOWN LANGUAGE READERS' VIEWS Flag Should Be People's Dear Sir: The politicians are beginning to climb on the Canadian flag band. wagon, now that they realize the way public opinion is going. Premier Frost has decided that the Red Ensign with a bunch of maple leaves would make a good flag, Mayor Phillips of Toronto has cried "Me too" and mem- bers of Parliament are as usual leading from behind, Fine, let us have » Canadian flag, but let it be the result of a majority Canadian decision, Thank goodness for the wise words of Labor Minister Starr, quoted and supported in your columns, when he sald that legis. lators should not foist on the peo- ple a flag that has been chosen by only a few in the refined air of Ottawa, . VETERAN Whitby DEATH PENALTY Dear Sir: If the death penalty ls done away with, it will be open en- couragement to crimes of violence, I think it is very strange that a judge can call capital punish- ment useless and un-Christian, a Judge of all people who has sat on the bench in judgment and seen before him the evil men who have allowed their passions to overcome them to such an extent that they have taken the lives of other human beings. In my opinion capital punish- ment is justified for practical and religious reasons, There are many places in the Bible where the execution of a killer Is justi- fied. Also, if it is not a deterrent, why are police forces in Britain, the United States and in other countries so strong in their opin- ion that the death penalty should be retained? Who would like to be a policeman who had to ar- rest an armed man who knew that even if he killed his own life would be safe? GEORGE PLANT Bowmanville OTTAWA REPORT 'Laundry' Listed EE Choice COCKTAIL, BARS Dear Sir: Some days ago there appeared in your paper pictures of three or four people who were asked to give their opinion as to the advisability of cocktail bars In Oshawa, They were all In favor, Is it not possible for the opinion of the other side to he presented? There is a great portion of our society that is not in. favor of cocktails or cocktall bars, In fact it is possible to bulld a good list of "Abstainers Unanimous" and it might interest the public to know that the list would include the names of Prime Minister Diefenbaker and Finance Minis. ter Fleming, Another leader of our people has recently sald "seventeen mil. lion people, a third of them teen. agrs or younger, just cannot go on drinking at a five to eight per cent Increased pace every 12 months, And they simply cannot foot a drink bill of one billion dollars for one year's binge in beer, 'wine and hard hquor. Nor does it cancel out the entry to say that we are paying ourselves the bill in taxes, The total tax 'take' on the drink bill is just wider $400 millions leaving the net consumer outlay on alcohol itself at $650 millions" But the biggest argument against the liquor traffic is not to be found in the dollar and cents area. It is to be found in the realm of human lite and liv. ing. We have 200,000 Canadians seriously affected by alcoholism and the rate is doubling each decade. Out of just plain care for fellow men can we give support to a sickness that Is like leprosy at the heart of our soclety? Of course if you are Interested only in self, and in the dollar, and have no regard for God nor man, even your loved ones, then it will make no difference; you can go right on supporting the most de- structive force in our midst, Fight TB, have a march of dimes, take care of the crippled children but let liquor flood ! a In Throne Speech By PATRICK NICHOLSON OTTAWA -- This is Indeed a time calling for greatness, The nation needs leadership, and circumstances demand that our government should give us leadership. Three weeks ago, Canadians were wishing each other 'peace, prosperity and health throughout the coming year." The govern. ment has already done what it can to ensure peace; science and the government have in hand all possible steps to give us health, But who is doing wkat to cre- ate in Canada a climate favor. able to prosperity? It is not enough to patch the signs of un. prosperity. That is where the nation Is crying out for leadership, That is where the most powerful pars liamentary majority ever given by the voters to any Canadian government can use its unprece- dented strength and the assure ange of its unprecedented en dorsement to take steps--unpopu- lar if need be--to turn our faces towards prosperity. The occasion when we rightly expected, and should have been shown, the determination to give us that leadership, was of course in the speech from the throne read at last week's opening of Parliament, High ideals couched in ringing phrases to reveal a de- termination to act would have given us a tonle, Instead, we got a laundry list, In one of the longest throne speeches in memory, the gover. nor-general recited 13 platitudes and 30 items of dirty legislative linen to be washed. The plati tudes ranged from the Queen's forthcoming tour to The Vision's forthcoming fulfilment; the laun- dry list closed with washing items ranging from the Seeds Act to the Public Servants Inventions Act, Not a very litoxicating brew, But we must admit in all fair- ness to the Governor-General that he did not himself create the role of Chin Lo, the unexciting Chi: nese laundryman, which he was forced to play. His speech, as always, was pre. pared for him, Finally and fund- amentally, it is the responsibility, if not the actual creation, of the prime minister. By comparatively recent tradi. tion, the throne speech merely details the legislative program to be laid before the newly-assem- bled parliament. Over the years, this has made the opening day oratorically the dullest in the whole session, But blind observ: ance of tradition is not necessar ily a good thing, especially when circumstances change. Now that a nailonwide television and radio audience hears. the throne speech, instead of only the small parlia- mentary audiencea ssembled in the Senate chamber, perhaps its basic nature ahould be changed. The answer is vcluntary ab REPORT FROM THE U.K Story About Canada Manning Royal Ship By M. McINTYRE HOOD Special London (Eng) Correspondent highes For The Oshawa Times Soclety of interesting congress of that Boclety at Har- LONDON An story is going the rounds of the rogate, Admiralty offices in Whitehall re- garding the manning of the royal from the lives of millions of peo- Joutney yacht, Britannia, for its up the St. Lawrence the Queen and Prince Philip in June, The story was being eir- culated - on the eve of the de- parture of the yacht from Ports. mouth for the Far east, where it will pick up Prince Philip at Rangoon in about six weeks' time, The story is that Oanadian naval department officials. were very much disappointed when their proposal that the Brijanila bears his name, is coming Pie. River with ship, an honor receiv to ritain in April to receive one of ol of al t honors Health, At the annual the American scientist who has lifted a dark shadow will receive a honora is. or only whose: contributions to research in the field of health are outstanding, Coincident with the announce- ment that Dr. Salk Is coming to Britain in April comes & report from the British Ministry of Health to the effect that polio myelitis cases in 1958 were fewer than half the total of the pre- vius year. The number of cases reported In the year was 2363, ed with 5440 in the corre- would be entirely the Royal Canadian Navy for the St, Lawrence journey was rejected bv the Admiralty, The Canadian Navy was ready to provide the vaeht with its entire complement of 225 officers and men, It was proposed by Canada that even the captain, the flag officer of royal yachts, Rear - Admiral Peter Dawnov, should be re- placed hy a Canadian command- er for the journey, PROPOSAL REJECTED The Canadian proposal was given serious consideration by the Admiralty, and by senior officers aboard the royal yacht, It was rejected because of the complica- tions that would arise from hav- ing to train a substitute crew, and give the officers adequate experience in handling a valu- able ship under the scrutiny of a critical world As a concession to Canadian feelings, however, it was agreed sponding period of 1057, Accord. ing to the ministry's spokesman, this was the most striking de- crease In any disease during the year. Deaths from poliomyelitis also showed a remarkable decline from 2556 in 1067 to 154 in 1056, With typical reserve, however, the ministry officials refused to estimate the extent to which this decline could be attributed to the extended program of vaccination with the Salk vaccine, It was too carly to assess this factor accu- rately, they sald, but they added: "If much larger numbers of those up to the age of 25 now offered vaccination could be per- suaded to accept it, the minister would he much'happler about the future control of this terrible dis- ease." CANADA HELPING By the end of 1958, some seven million people, mostly children under 156 years of age, had been stinence by every man who cares, a4 o"(oken force from the Royal given two Injections against polio- The emphasis is on the word 'voluntary' a» that's where the diificulty also lies, ~0-08SHAWAN Oshawa MINOR HOCKEY. WEEK (Editor's note: I'he follow. ing letter was received from a boy who wanted Oshawa parents to know about the activities of Minor Hockey Week.) Starting tomorrow, right across Canada, kids and adults will cele. brate Minor Hockey Week in Can- ada, Just like others all over the country, we In Oshawa will k holding special evenis, It's our way of telling everyone that minor hockey is doing a lot to make us better citizens, We want you and everyone to know that a lot of swell fellows, young and old, are spending a lot of time and money so that we can have this chance, We are lucky to have so many people working for us to organize, coach, manage, referee and provide money so that we can learn and have fun at the same time! So you see we're really proud enough about our game of hockey to try to tell everyone about it, I guess that's what Minor Hockey Week is for, It gives us all a chance to learn more about minor hockey, and to appreciate what it is doing for us, Our manager says that every parent should take a real Interest in what minor hockey Is and what it does. We hope that when our special event comes off next week, Thursday, Jan, 29, that you and all the rest of the folks In Oshawa will get behind us, TIMMY BYGONE DAYS 35 YEARS AGO Oshawa came third In Ontario and fifth in the Dominion in total building permits issued during the year, Mrs, F. W, Cowan, president of the local Red Cross Soclety, was appointed to' the executive of the Ontario Division of the Society in Toronto, Workmen escaped possible ser- fous Injuries when the Toronto and Fastern bridge, situated three and a half miles east of Oshawa, collapsed, The accident occurred vhile a gang of work- men were engaged In rebuilding the structure, The Ontarlo Regiment officers were hosts at a banquet, held In the armories, to many distin. guished visiting military men. A number of interesting addresses were delivered during the eve. ning. Capt, A. B. Harris, mess presi was toast ter for the occasion, a General Motors Male Volce Chorus, which last year created a highly favorable impression, commenced practices in prepara. tion for a huge concert to he given later on In the season. The officers were R. Sterling, presi. dent; N. Mcllveen and C, Me- Tavish, vice-presidents: A, Cox secretary. and R. Wadsworth, treasurer. Willlam Lambert was appoint. ed temporary bandmaster of the Ontario Regimental Band. A. E. Murdock's volley ball team in the Business Men's League, defeated E. L. Petley's team In two games, played in the YMCA, Mrs. J. W. Borsherry died at her home, 74 King street east, Her father and grandfather were early settlers of Oshawa, having owned 200 acres from the four corners to Ritson road. Bandmaster Samuel Trew was honored at a banquet prior to his departure for the south, when he was presented with a gift by Major Frank Chappell on behalf of the Ontario Regiment, Dr. W. J, Langmaid, tennis champion of the Eastend Tennis Club for 1923, was presented with a trophy. Canadian Navy, ' consisting of two officers and 15 ratings, would form part of the crew of the Lritannia when the Queen makes the inaugural trip up the B8t, Lawrence Seaway on the yacht next June, Five of those selected from the RCH for these positions of honor reached England a few days ago, and duly took their places in the crew of the Britannia, These con- sisted of a cook, a signaller and three seamen, They are the ad- ance party of the 17 who will eventually be on board the ship, and they will have the experi ence of accompanying Prince Philip throughout the whole of his Far East tour after he joins the yacht at Rangoon, They were on hoard and settled down as part of the crew when it left Portsmouth on its long journey to meet the Prince TO HONOR SALK Dr, Jonas Edward Salk, of the United States, discoverer of the anti - poliomyelitis vaccine which PARAGRAPHICAL WISDOM Although many thousands of laws have been passed, virtually all of them for "the other fel. low," he hasn't been appreciably reformed or restrained. Sunspot activity causes consid. erable interference with TV en- tertainment, but not nearly so much as do the commercials, 01d Sorehead was commenting on today's rapid transportation, "I'm about as near Timbuktu now as I was to the county seat when I was a boy," he said, One of the sneakiest things done in 1958 was the placing on the market of dish towels mark- ed "HIS" and "HERS", myelitis. Thanks to large sup- lies of Salk vaccine which had n imported from Canada, and some from the United States, there was an ample supply on hand, officials stated, to provide for a much higher level of vac- cination, It Is because of this great con- tribution to the health measures being found effective in control of disease that Dr, Salk will be the chief guest of honor at Royal Soc of Health's a congress at ogate in April, FEAR REMOVED An unusual type of air service has removed the fear of serious fliness finding the le of the, remote Scottish highland and fis. land areas far removed from medical and hospital care. This service is known as the Bcottish Air Ambulance service, This service started in a very simple way In 1933, In that year, a plane belonging to midland ai Scottish Airways picked ow an injured man from off the northern islands and flew him south to hospital, Since then, the service has developed until now it has removed the fear of illness from people in remote places, At present, the service Is oper ated from the Renfrew airport, with two Heron aircraft, INCIDENTS CITED Experience has taught the alr ambulance service much about its unusual work, Return Jour- neys with patients pose the rob. lem of flying at different heights, depending on the nature of the case. Bome heights have been found to sult various flinesses better than others. There Is, it has been found out, a definite psychological benefit to flying patients out from the Is lands to hospital, Perhaps this was because of being In a warm aircraft, under the care of a preity nurse who is part of the regular crew, and with the knowl edge that they would soon be in hospital, Nearly a million miles have been flown on behalf of sick and injured people since the service was started, and not without Incl dent, Three bables have been born in the air while the mother was being flown to hospital, The first of these aerial births, In 1950, was the preliminary to some lively official discussion as to the country in which the child had been born, This service has proved a great boon to the people of the outer islands, and the pilots are re. garded there as true angels of mercy. QUEEN'S PARK § Internal Trouble Of Conserva By DON O'HEARN Special Correspondent (eo The Oshawa Times TORONTO ~ Apparently pros- perity doesn't guarantee peace. It would be hard to be more prosperous than the Conserv. atives in Ontario at the moment, Yet are having their in. ternal troubles, Not serious ones, But enough to keep the boat rocking a bit, TOOK OVER Here In Toronto the central party organization had to step In and take over the Bracondale riding association, This Is an old practice here for the Liberals--their house is more like a dog kennel--but it Is some- thing new for the Conservatives. But it seems riding officials were running their own little show saying who was and who wasn't a party member. So down- town stepped In, CAPITAL ROW But this fight, however would rate preliminary status to a bat. tle going on in Ottawa, Give this one time and it could FOR BETTER HEALTH Electrolysis Solves Excess Hair Problem HERMAN N. BUNDESEN, MD WHILE too little hair Is a major problem for many men, superfluous hair 1s just as big a problem for countless women, Fortunately for the women, it 1s much easier to get rid of excess hair on the face, body or limbs than it is to grow new hair on a bald head. PERMANENT METHOD There are various methods of getting rid of superfluous hair, but the only permanent way Is through electrolysis. Since some excessive hair growth may be inked to a medical disorder, I suggest that you see your fam- {ly physician or dermatologist before consulting an electrolo gist, : Besides, asking your doctor to suggest a food electrologist Is a much more scientific way of get ting one than hy simoly leafing ' through the telephone book. ELECTRIC NEEDLE In electrolysis, a small elee- tric needle Is inserted Into the hair follicles right down to the hair root. Then a very, very small quantity of electricity Is discharged. This destroys the hair root forever, It is then a simple procedure to remove the hair with a tweezers or by some other process. Generally, either one of two methods of electrolysis Is em- loyed. You might ask your does top which one he thinks is best for 'you, Expense may enter into it, too. NEW METHOD The older method is called the + multiple needle procedure and emeloys several needles at the same time, possibly as many as ten Although a newer method uses only one needle at a time, it is faster and more expensive, This newer technique, called the high frequency method, uses {an extremely thin platinum needle only 316 of an inch in loath. ow, when- and where should electrolysis be used? Well, that, of course, is pretty much up to the individual, Elec- trolysis Is both I tives v outdraw a Moore - Durelle re mutch, or in one corner is Hon, George Dunbar and in the other is Charlotte Whitton, And If this isn't a guarantee of a fight to a finish nothing Is, Woy Duly iia i pair two of staunchest iit knows but there ra factor present, Let it merely be under-stated that neither has much use for the sight of the other, The first tangle occurred the other night at the annual meeting of the Ottawa South riding ase sociation, Miss Whitton, who presumably has her eye on the nomination, attended and made her presence felt In her usual inconspicuous way, Apparently she wasn't In the room five minutes before there was bedlam and some hours later the chaos wound up with threats of law-suits and promise of a second round soon, FROST RUN? George, - of course, is deter mined to run again, And no one questions the determination of Charlotte when she casts her oye on semuthing. could develop int wm battle, a nd while we think of 2 of It, a little It Miss Whitton does ge nomination - and wing " oe hasten the retirement of Premier Frost, Compared to the Prospect of inet under Min Widen in a ca 8 rule the vales of Lind would look Wael attractive, id once elected it hard to keep her out, Would se She can be irresistible, and expensive, For this reason, many doctors hesitate to recommend it except for removal of superfluous hair on the face, As for arms and legs, it is up to you to judge whether the cost and effort make electrolysis worthwhile, QUESTION AND ANSWER W.P.: 1 was operated on for prostate trouble six months ago. The trouble has now recurred, Is this possible? Answer: When the prostate is increased in $ize, it sometimes is impossible to remove it entirely when surgery {is performed, Therefore, the condition may recur, Why Men Don't Talk Nearly every woman coms plains that her husband "never tells her anything". Marjorie Holmes in February Reader's Digest thinks she's figured why men are so close mouthed (she says there are "several basic sex differ. ences"), Read her hints on how to make men talk. Get your Reader's Digest today : 42 articles of lasting interest, The BANK of NOVA SCOTIA MONEY PROBLEMS ¢ solve them with a low-