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The Oshawa Times Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited, 86 King St. E., Oshawa, Ont. Page 4 Fridoy, November 27, 1959 More Nations Organize For Trade Co-operation For a trading nation such as Canada, any international grouping for trade pur- poses cannot help but be significant, and when it involves traditional customers there is an immediacy to its importance. So it is with the latest grouping in Eur- ope, the European Free Trade Associa- tion which came into being last week at Stockholm. It was the third step in the movement of European nations away from the restrictive protectionist trade practices of the 1930's. Talk about a European common mar- ket started soon after the end of the second world war, while the countries were still digging themselves out from the debris of that conflict. Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg led the way, forming the Benelux association. This was expanded to the six-nation Common Market of the European Eco- nomic Community, embracing France, Italy, Germany and the Benelux group. But it proved impracticable for several European countries to join the EEC or- ganization. For Britain it would have meant abandoning the Commonwealth system of preferences. For Switzerland and Sweden the political overtone went : against their long-standing traditions of neutrality. Austria was barred by the terms of its peace treaty with Russia and the West. An alternative arrangement was need- ed. The Organization for European Economic Co-operation began in 1957 to explore the possibility of a structure within which all members could assoc- jate with the EEC. They foresaw some form of a Europe-wide trade area which would abolish trade barriers between its own members but leave them free ' to choose their own trade policies out- side the region. It did not prove pos- sible to achieve such a system and ne- gotiations broke down last November. Seven of the OEEC membrs, how- ever, determined to press on with ar- rangements for a free trade association among themselves -- the seven who initialled the EFTA convention at Stockholm. They are Austria, Den- mark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Swit- zerland and the United Kingdom. They are pledged to cut tariffs among them- selves by 20 per cent on July 1 next year, and thereafter eight steps of ten per cent until the process of tariff elimi- nation is completed in 1970. The whole program is planned so that it can be adapted to the needs of a wider Eu- ropean association if it becomes possible to build one. EFTA covers a market of 90 million people. Each member is highly depend- ent on international trade, and each has a strong, well-organized economy. It is a grouping with considerable individual demand for both capital and consumer goods, and this demand should intensify as the trade association matures. Cana- da will have an opportunity to help sat- isfy that demand, but must be prepared to meet the much keener competition made possible by the co-operation be- tween the seven members of EFTA. The rising standards within the Seven would naturally be reflected in the strength of trading outside, but the suppliers will find it a highly cost-conscious market. Move For Farm Safety Agriculture Minister Goodfellow has announced that he is setting up a Farm Safety Council as a measure to combat the increasing number of accidents on farms in Ontario. The council will pre- pare an educational program, based on the results of the recent farm accident survey. Mr. Goodfellow's intentions are good, and we can only hope that the results will equal the intentions. The need for some sort of action is glaring. There is an appalling difference between the ratio of accidents in agriculture and in industry generally. There are 60 fatal accidents per 100,000 farm workers compared with 25 per 100,000 for in- dustrial workers. Whether an educational program alone is enough to improve the safety situation in farming is questionable. In- dustry has had aggressive educational programs for years, but these are in ad- dition to practical measures prescribed New Flights A new flight treaty between Canada and Italy gives Canadian Pacific the right to operate a new air route between Canada and Rome, extending the exist- ing CPA service to Lisbon and Madrid. Thus CPA can tap a market which no Canadian carrier has hitherto had access, which is a good deal for both Canada and CPA. Nevertheless, it further com- plicates a confusing situation, one that requires thorough discussion between Canada and the United States. Each time a flight treaty is nego- tiated, concessions must be made on each side. In the latest agreement, Air Italia gets the right to fly from Rome to Mon- The Oshavon Times 7. L. WILSON, Publisher and General Manager €. GWYN KINSEY, Editor The Oshawa Times combining The Oshawa Times (established 1871) ana the Whitby Gazette ond Chronicle (established 1863). is published daily (Sundays and statutory holidays excepted). s of Canad Daily s Publishers Association, The Canadian Press, Audit Bureau of Circulation and the Ontaric Provincial Dailies Asso- ciation. The Canadian Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news despatched in the poper credited to it or to The Associated Press or Reuters, and also the locol news published therein. All rights of special despatches are also reserved. Offices Thomson Building, 425 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, 640 Cathcart Street, Montreal, PQ. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Delivered by carriers in Oshawa, Whitby, Ajax Pickering, Bowmanville, Brooklin, Port Perry, Prince Albert, Maple Grove Hampton, Frenchman's Bay, Liverpool Taunton, Tyrone, Dunborton, Enniskillen, Orono Leskard, Brougham, Burketon, Claremont, Columbus Fairport "Beach, Greenwood, Kinsale, Raglan, Blackstock, Manchester, Cobourg, Port Hope, Pontypool and Newcastle not over 45¢ per week. By mail (in province of Ontario) outside carriers delivery oreas 12.00; elsewhere 15.00 per year. Average Daily Net Paid Publisher's Statement as of March 31, 1959 16,260 by law or by individual organizations-- measures which are being improved and added to each year. Employees who disregard these measures may be dis- missed, and employers who do not show proper concern for the safety of their workers can be penalized. In other words, there are teeth in the industrial campaign for accident preven- tion. Mr. Goodfellow's Council should give some thought to putting some bite into the farm program. The modern farm is quite heavily mechanized; it is almost as much of an industrial plant as in an urban machine shop. Yet there has been, understandably, a reluctance to invade the farmer's independence to insist that he follow certain sensible pre- cautions. There has even been a reluct- ance to ensure that he remembers his obligation for the safety of his family-- as when, for example, he permits a child not even in the teens to drive as powerful a piece of mechanized equip- ment as a tractor. To Rome treal, pick up passengers and continue to Chicago, Los Angeles and Mexico -- subject to U.S. and Mexican approval, which is expected. Thus, except on pick- up rights in Lisbon, Air Italia will be a direct competitor with CFA all the way to Mexico. No Canadian carrier, how- ever, flies to Los Angeles, and there is no direct Montreal-Chicago service save on European aircraft. Air France and Lufthansa already serve Montreal and Chicago, offering transatlantic amenities. In a few months they will join with Air Italia under a co-ordinated pattern guid- ed by the European Air Union. The flights thus available into the heart of the continent and the U.S. west coast may well hurt Trans-Canada, which originates business in Los Angeles but is unable to pick up directly. The new CPA service will not have much effect on TCA, which has a heavily- travelled pattern of flights to more northerly ports of Europe, but CPA will have stiffer competition on its. southern flights on this continent. CPA accepts this, probably because it looks forward to extending its service sooner or later, from Rome to Hong Kong, terminus of its flights from Vancouver, thus giving it an around-the-world pattern. To achieve this, further flight treaties will be needed with Middle East and Asian countries. It is obvious that Canadian carriers need more flexibility in their operations in the United States. The U.S. has been reluctant to yield concessions, and more than once Canada has had to make broad hints about the use of Gander by U.S. commercial aircraft. It is a pity that a more adult approach to the matter cannot be made. THAT ABCMINABLE SNOWMAN OTTAWA REPORT UN Work Valuable For All Nations By PATRICK NICHOLSON UNITED NATIONS, N.Y.--The United Nations sometimes hits the headlines spectacularly. But on tke whole its continuing work is not spectacular, valuable though it is, and tends to be but little known even to the main-streeter. This voluntary association of 82 sovereign states is dedicated to the furtherance of military peace, material progress and human jus- tice. It is not a world govern- ment. It can use only moral suasion in seeking to achieve its aims throughout the world. As an exception, it can exercise force if, as happened with Korea, its members vote to raise an inter- national army to restore peace or check aggression. But words spoken in its open forum, the General Assembly, do influence nations' policies; and acts per- formed by its "specialized agen- gies" do ameliorate mankind's ot. The United Nations normally meet in plenary session once a year, when each of the member- nations may send five representa- tives and five alternate repre mm | sentatives, as well as official ob- servers, to the General Assem- bly. The 14th session of the assem. bly is mow in progress, running typically from September to De- cember in its regular annual meeting. At the same time, the seven main committees and vari- ous minor committees are meet- ing. WORLD ELITE MEETS When the General Assembly ad- journs, member-nations maintain a nucleus permanent representa- tion of diplomats and specialists here, for the work of the UN al- ways continues through the Secur- ity Council, the specialized agen- cies and various other subsidiary hodies. The permanent representations are always swollen by the arrival of diplomats, parliamentarians and citizens for the assembly, and they are upgraded for at least part of the assembly by the pres- ence of the foreign ministers and other world - famous statesmen. Typically, Canada maintains an ambassador here throughout the QUEEN'S PARK Ontario Northwest In Booming Growth By DON O'HEARN PORT ARTHUR -- Love that North! Premier Frost has been here opening a Hydro plant and En. ergy Minisier Macaulay was with him. Mr. Macaulay only' finished a tour of the Sault-Sudbury area a short time ago. And Liberal leader Winter- meyer was here just before Mr. Frost. By ousting the government in some ridings in the June election the North showed it had a mind of its own. Now all parties are trying to get a bigger piece of it. STILL GROWING The boom is still underway here though there is some concern about potential winter unemploy- ment, Growth in northwestern Ontario has outstripped anything in the province, Hydro itself is as good an indi- cator as any. Since the war generating ca- pacity in the area has increased 331 per cent. Since 1951 industrial consump- tion has increased by 90 per cent and farm consumption by 187 per cent, Corresponding figures for the province at large are 50 per cent and 80 per cent. Even atthe opening of the Hy- dro plant (at Silver Falls) there was an announcement by Hon. George Wardrope of a $10,000,000 iron iter for the Lakehead George beat the gun a bit, offi- cials say, but the plant is still a certainty for the future. RATES TROUBLE One strong concern in the area at present is freight rates. Don't expect a simple explana tion of just why. The man who can simplify the freight rate question could make sense out of Alice in Wonderland. But the structure is weighted against the area. And apparently nearly every industry and busi ness is being hit. It costs more, as an instance to ship goods from Toronto to STUBBORN BEAVER ATIKOKAN, Ont. (CP) -- A beaver dam that flooded a local road was ripped out again and again, 1nd tive' v dynamited, but the determifed oeavers always rebuilt it. They have also eluded eapture. Port Arthur than from Toronto to Winnipeg. ; And this is only one of the fail- ings. One of the strongest campaigns in the history of the area is being built up against the rates. There is some feeling against the province for not having pub- licly intervened in the situation. The government, however, has been working behind the scenes and officials believe there will be some relief. . 1 several . , ap observers, year; but for the assembly open- ing, our foreign minister, Hon. Howard Green, was present while parliamentarians were d as repr ives or and our foreign serv- ice staff was strengthened. This year marks the 40th anni. i versary--politely ignored--of the : birth of the step-father of the UN ~--the League of Nations. Al- though in 1919 that brave new con- cept carried the hopes of man- kind for peace and prosperity, it was crippled in its infancy and comlemned to an early death, when the Senate of the United States refused to ratify that coun- try's membership, In the intervening 40 years, our powerful neighbor spent the first two decades shunning interna- tiomal commitments, with results disastrous to the world and pain- ful to its own taxpayers; then de- voted the next two decades to attempting to correct the harm thus accomplished. Today, of all the member-nations of UN, the United States can, and generally does, exert the most influence for good. THY. BILL---WHO PAYS? It costs approximately $60,000, 000 to operate the United Na- tioms this year. The bill consists twothirds of salaries. The ex- pense is divided between the 824 member - nations, who are as- sessed according to a formula which gives weight to their abil- ity to pay. Thus the chief sup- porter is U.S.A., who contribu $17,000,000. Russia, with the' Ukraine and Byelorussia, pays $8,000,000; Britain $4,000,000; figures. Then, rated as the world's fifth richest nation, comes Can- ada with a contribution of $1,50,- 000, followed by India with $1,400, 000 and Italy with $1,000,000. Con- tributions are graded down to the minimum of $20,600, which is paid by 13 nations such as Haiti, Faraguay, Liberia, Laos, Jordan and Nepal. In addition to these contribu- tions to cover the actual office operation of UN, member-nations also subscribe to help backward nations and deserving interna- tiomal causes. These, plus our in- termal staff costs, bring our total expenses relating to our member- ship of UN up to a figure in ex- cess of $8,000,000 this year, which more exactly amounts to 53 cents for each Canadian--a modest and very worthwhile expenditure. FOR BETTER HEALTH How To Help Doctor Treat Home Patients HERMAN N, BUNDESEN, MD ALTHOUGH a large number of our hospitals are pretty erowd- ed these days, the majority of ill persons are being cared for at home. Unfortunately, many homes are not convenient places to care efficiently for someone who is fll. Moreover, the average home- maker, no matter how much she may love the natient, can't pro- vide the same kind of scientific care that a trained nurse has been taught to give. MORE HELP A nurse usually is more help to the physician, too, because she can keep up-to-the-minute records of the patient's progress and activities that mean so much to the doctor. It might be a good idea for you homemakers also to keep such records for the physician. Ask the doctor if he thinks it will be helpful. If he does, then I suggest you jot down the follow- ing observations that will be of help to the doctor. RECORD THESE 1. The patient's temperature-- morning, noon and evening. 2. Amount of sleep and quality. 3. The amount of urine passed in each 24 hours. BOWL MOVEMENTS {4 The number and kind of owel muvements., 5. The amount and kind of food eaten. its 6. The amount of liquids taken, including all water, milk, tea, coffee, fruit juices, etc. 7. Attitude of the patient. Make note of when he feels irritable, fearful, happy and any display of emotions. NOTE COMPLAINTS 8. Note also any complaints the patient may have about aches and pains. Take orders only from the atterwling physician. Well-mean- ing friends may pass out advice by the hatful. As a rule, it's best to igmore it, ANOTHER HINT I'd like to add another hint which might make it easier for you when you are caring for a bedridden patient. Place the patient in a single bed with a firm spring mattress, if one is available. Since most home beds are too low, I think it will help relieve undue strain on you if a block of wood is placed under each leg: to raise the bed to the desired height. QUESTION AND ANSWER J. BR. K.: Could you tell me what might cause itching of the nose, eyes and ears and what could be done? Answer: Among the possible causes of itching of the nose and ears are allergy, eczema and dermatitis. Treatment depends upon the cause, which your doctor may determine by an examination. {I | FR gE. 3 PARAGRAPHICAL WISDOM Plastics aren't new. More than half a century ago, men wore celluloid collars which were eas- fly laundered with a damp cloth. Incidentally, no dripdrying or froning was necessary. It appears that all males of th specigs are bloodthirsty, at leas subconsciously. A show window display of fire-arms and ammu- nition is entrancing to boys and men of all ages and all classes. About as many people are kill- ed in home accidents as in traf- fic mishaps, but usually it is less embarradsing and also less ex- pensive to get killea at home. Many a bachelor thinks he's single because he outwitted women, but the fact is that they considered him a lemon in the garden of love. When smoking in a public place, the average woman smoker posés as' if she were being given a screen test. : i § a PE i f i » §8 i A | ri I -G GIFT LIST? ; : £ * FOR AN OK LOAN You can buy the gifts you really want , . . with an Okay Loan! It's easy. Just call the "money number" and ask for the cash you need. Pick small monthly payments . . . pick up your money} PHONE Our manager likes to say, "Your loan is okay!" 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