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a i ua fa TUNNEL AIR TEST STUDY IN SARNIA ED A aay ve POT 'TIRING AS CAMPAIGN' By JOSEPH MacSWEEN Canadian Press Sta'f Writer UNITED NATIONS, N.Y. (CP) Two Canadians enter the crowded Delegates Lounge at the 14th General Assembly of the United Nations. They separate word- lesslv and coast quietly among night schedules, polite yakety- yak at receptions. There were a few angry words, too, but not from the Canadians --except perhaps within their own team, nagging frustration when things went badly. "It was as tiring as any po- litical " said Nesbitt, groups of gesticulating d ts chatting in perhaps a dozen lan- guages from (20Ud the the world. the Pro ped a touch oe the el- bow, a friendly handshake, a 41, parliamentary assistant to! Green. Halstead, 38, foreign af- fairs officer and graduate of the Canadian Team Works Hard At UN and the Russians found in talks with delegations tha. Canada had wide sympathy and support. Soon the Canadians were con- ducting four parallel lines of ne- gotiations--with the Soviets, with the co-sponsors, who eventually numbered 10, with the UN secre- tariat and with the UN special- ized agencies. There were even conflicting demands from various agencies, backed by delegations. Pr h in the resolu- University of British Columbi and the Londm Scho of Eco- brief conversation, an of documents, another hand shake, a smiling departure. It's all casual and ever so re- laxed. But Wallace B. Nesbitt, vice-chairman of the Canadian delegation, and John Halstead. delegation councillor, are hard at work. At this moment they'ic carrying their country's prestize on their shoulders. This is UN diplomacy in the atomic age. This -- in considerable part-- was how a Canadian "initiative" |for a world-wide study on atomie| | radiation recently won unanimous Past West agreement, including €0-5p ship. India's V. K. Krishnan Menon |was talking about this aspect of |UN' diplomacy when he said re-| | "We don't try to convince | cently: {anyone here by speech-making.| [That is done in other wavs. [ |" Nesbitt and Halstead--credited | by External Affairs Minister| Howard Green as chief nerotia- tors of the Canadian resolution-- can tell of thousands of hand- claps, countless chats, formal conferences, morning ~ to - mid- | gases of diesel motors in relation to various fuels because ineffi- vein. LONG JOB Actually, work on the Canadian initiative began in Ottawa long before the assembly opened, when its main scientific aims were defined and the political as- pects assessed. Later the UN was approached --but the UN can't be regarded as a single entity. It's been de- scribed more as a solar system, with the UN secretariat as the isun and the various snecialized |agencies as planets, each with its| own satellites, Each such expert bodv had to be satisfied. Canada, hoping to detour cold war political animosities, sought co-sponsors from the main geo- |graphical areas of the world--re- lsponsible, respected coun tries from Norway to New Zea- land. Most, but not 211, are mem- bers of the UN. scientific com- mittee on the e'fects of atomic radiation, a god-mother of the Canadian plan. The great powers were not tion had to be checked with all the delegations involved and, like as not, with Ottawa and other home governments as well, a complicated procedure, Finally the Canadians were ready to table their resolution and the Russians, after again sampling opinion, asked for new negotiations. "This time it was clear thev|" meant to negotiate seriously," said Halstead. |tion introduced in the assembly |by the Canadian external affairs minister just two months after he announced the original proposal before the same body. Green's del!cgates were there in strength for the climax of their efforts and the whole ing ended The upshot was a joint resolu-| NATO Aid For Poor Countries PARIS (Reuters)--NATO Sec- retary-General Paul Henri Spaak European Union assembly here Tuesday the Western world siould tackle the problem of aid to underdeveloped countries in the face of Soviet Communist penetration, He said: "The United States has in the past decade made two miracles, with the Marshall plan and the creation ot NATO. "We uow need a third miracle. Now is the moment to take a new initiative to solve the prob- lem of aid to underdeveloped countries." Politicial consultation in NATO nas made considerable progress, he said. "A purely military alli- ance is not enough It must have a political background and this mears co-ordination of foreign policy." The problems of tomorrow are contred in Africa where Europe has a great interest in the fu- ture, Spaak declared. He called for a conference of European countries with direct African in- terests to enable them to co- ordinate their economic policies to the advantage of Africa. SEVEN TV APPLICANTS in laughter when Assembly Pres- ident Victor A. Belaurde of t Pera, misunderstanding :. message, be- gan to announce: "Since Canada is absent . . . Green and the others, aghast, shushed the president with sem- aphored signals. asked for co - sp ship, but they were kept informed in the hope of avoiding opposition. It soon became apparent that | prolonged negotiaticns would be ecessary. A phrase can take JUDO POPULAR CALGARY (CP)--Ten women | belong to the Porcupine Club, one OTTAWA (CP) -- Seven appli- cants for privately - owned tele- vision stations in Montreal were |announced by the tran-port de- pariment Tuesday. Three of the lapplicants seek to operate Eng- |lish-langnage TV stations and |four wish to operate French-lan- |guage outlets, U.K. PRODUCTION BOOMS LONDON (AP) -- Britain an- THE OSHAWA TIMES, Wednesday, December 2, 1959 told the seven - nation Western| of two clubs here at which judo nounced Tuesday that its boom- is taught, Eva Welychka, a mem- ing industrial production rose by "Here's where our merry Christmas starts, Santa." Anticipation is one of the joys of Christmas, BNS Christmas Gift Account grow. Even Bringing in the tree to be gaily trimmed... before Santa Claus makes his trip, this year, listening to the soft pat of snowflakes onthe ~~ you can start your BNS Christmas Gift windowpane . , . watching the expectant Account for next year. Then each time you eyes of the children--these are pleasures we make your small, regular deposit, you'll be turn over in our minds many months before reminded that Christmastime, 1960, will be the event. And there's another pre- a happy time for all. Christmas pleasure you needn't wait for. Open your Bank of Nova Scotia Christmas That's the satisfaction of watching a special ~~ Gift Account today, THE BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA PERSONAL CHEQUING ACCOUNTS « CHRISTMAS, VACATION & EDUCATION ACCOUNTS PERSONAL SECURITY PROGRAM + SCOTIA PLAN LOANS « SCOTIA PLAN CHEQUE-CREDIT, Diesel Subway {mn cient operation can produce po-| n startlingly different meanings. by ber of the club, says judo is be-|nine per cent in a year. Auto- Montreal Boon By KEN KELLY Canadian Press Staff Writer OTTAWA (CP) -- Pioneer air- pollution studies at Sarnia, Ont, for hard - pressed Montreal com- muters. In probably the first extensive study on this continent of tunnel pollution by diesel engines, a team of railway and government and the compa sition of exhaust'them harmless. IRATDATAVAIVAAFVAAIAAAAAVAAAARARAR scientists learned lessons two years ago which now may be ap- plied to Montreal's tangled com- muting problem. Their work may pay still big-| ger dividends because, as a se- quel to the tunnel studies, sci- entists have launched an investi- gation into the circumstances un- der which cancer - causing and other smoke particles are pro- duced through inefficient func- tioning of diesel motors. WELL-PLANNED JOB In the Sarnia study, months were devoted to planning. Then, working round the elock during a three-day period, about 50 scien- tists, engineegs and technicians did an on-the-spot invegtigation of the mile - long Canadian Na- tional Railways St. Clair tunnel linking Sarnia with Port Huron, Mich., under the St. Clair River, The scientists sampled the tun- nel atmosphere and came up with evidence that railways could safely employ diesels instead of costly electrically - powered en- gines after improvements in ven- tilation. The savings in terms of fre- quency of movement of trains through the tunnel were import. ant, By switching to diesel from electric power, the railways could use the tunnel more often with bigger loads. The only al- ternative was uncconomiec -- an- other under-the-river tunnel that would probably have cost around $50,000,000. Applying similar sampling methods and analyses to the three-mile-long Mount Royal rail- way tunnel linking northern Mon- treal suburbs with the centre of the city, the scientific team is trying to determine whether a similar switch to diesel from electric power is possible there. Thousands now use the Mount Royal tunnel's electric trains daily. If diesels can be safely employed, service improvements for commuters and financial sav- ings for the railways may result. by general combustion of fuels in the outside atmosphere. tentially-dangerous quantities ol cancer - producing organic com-| pounds and increased quantities of odorous and toxic gases. They are collecting diesel - ex-| haust samples that are undiluted |by air and samples from differ-| |technical and political, in dif- ferent countries. SNEAK MOVE Suddenly, Communist Czecho- |slovakia got in with a sneak punch, formally tabling a rival Although the tunnel was given|ent types of diesel fuels burned| | resolution while Canada was still a relatively clean bill of health, under varying conditions in hopes| negotiating. may mean a transportation boon|the study is being follwed up by|of discovering a final answer to/Caradians, nquiry by the rail-|the problem of how dangerous| deflected for a time." a new line o ways, the health department and| the National Research Council, Scientists from these groupsi are studying quantities of smoke and gas are| | produced. Knowing t hat, they can then| In the words of the "our energies were But this seemed to boomerang |against the Czechs at the UN, where such action was not con- engine operation|find a way to control or render sidered cricket when the Cana- dian intention was well known, MORE COMMUTERS? Dr. Morris Katz, a consultant for the atmospheric pollution services in the health depart: ment's occupational health divi- sion, who co-ordinated the St. Clair and Mount Royal tunnel sci- entific team, savs a bigger com- muter field may be opened for the CNR in the Montreal area. Preliminary tunnel samples were taken last winter and fur- ther work will be done in the near future, A paper on the St. Clair tunnel study by Dr. Katz and two of his collaborators, R. P. Rennie, the CNR's chief chemist, and Dr. Z. Kegier of the CNR's research di- vision is to be published soon through the American Medical Association. One of the problems encount- ered in the St. Clair tunnel sur- vey was the toxic gases and tiny particles given off by diesel en- gines, The Sarnia study indicated the gases weren't too serious a danger if small ventilation im- provements were made, But more important, perhaps, was the evidence that the mix- ture of air and diesel exhaust contained only traces of the com- plex organic compounds in smoke suspected of playing a part in causing cancer, DRAWN INTO TUNNEL The research team reached a conslusion after its Montreal study similar to that of a British team that studied bus exhausts. Most of the cancer-causing par- ticles in the tunnel, the team de- cided, were sucked in from the outside atmosphere. They found that diesel engines produced only negligible quanti- ties of cancer - causing particles compared with what is produced CENTRE STORES OPEN TOMORROW EVENING UNTIL 9:00 P.M, CLOSED THIS EVENING AT 6:00 P.M. 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