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16 THE OSHAWA TIMES, Friday, August 4, 1961 WOMAN LE Against The U.S. Russell Elman, Canadian Press stalf writer who has toured the 10 South Ameri- can republics, in this story tells how anti-U.S. feelings have been spurred by events in Cuba and Africa and eagerly bolstered by Com- munist propaganda. By RUSSELL ELMAN Canadian Press Staff Writer QUITO, Ecuador (CP) -- In the market place of an old Ecuadorean town high in the Andes felt-hatted Indian women with blanket-swaddled babies on their backs squat silently in the warm sun, selling their corn, chickens and straw baskets. If they pause in their preoc- : cupations with the worries of daily existence and gaze across the square, they see the tall twin towers of an ancient church, now heedlessly defaced with white - painted slogans. There, for the villagers to con- template, is a new message: "Cuba Si. Yanquis No!" Today these words are being written and spoken in every country in South America. Not since the early days of the Second World War, when some South American countries wavered between the Allied and Axis camps, has such strong anti-American sentiment flour- ished. AMONG ALL CLASSES It is rampant not only among such traditionally radical groups as university students and labor unions, but also among professional men and government officials--often edu- cated in the United States--and is propagated among the im- poverished, uneducated masses. Most of South America's 10 republics, anxious to keep shaky economies bolstered with American dollars, officially pay lip service to U.S. leadership in the Organization of American States and dissociated them- selves from Fidel Castro's Cu- ban revolution. But privately, few informed South Americans deny either the existence of growing irrita- tion with U.S. policies and attit- udes, or the seriousness of the impact within their countries of the Cuban revolution and of Communist propaganda. Pulling Uncle Sam's beard has become as fashionable a pastime as twisting the lion's tail was in other days and other regions. The reasons for the decline in American prestige are diverse, and superimposed on old emo- tions that have been intensified and subtly exploited. For the most part the anti- American feeling seems to stem from government policy and business practices, rather than originate in any grievance against individual Americans. However, official goodwill and fact-finding visits of dignitaries such as former presdent Eisen- hower and more recently Adlai Stevenson sparked anti-Ameri- can riots, and protests over U.S. Cuban policies for instance have been stone-throwing attacks on U.S. embassies. Although accepting assistance many South Americans tend to interpret American governmen- tal aid, which has helped sub- sidize nearly every republic, as an infringement of their na- tional oil industries, also is sometimes suspected as a sub- tle method of interference in in- ternal affairs. Within the last few months Brazil, the greatest and tra- ditionally most pro-U.S. South American nation, has chosen under its new . president to follow an independent course in foreign policy. While Janio Quadros has declared his inten- tion of maintaining close ties with the U.S. and has sought continued economic assistance, he has also invited the estab- lishment of diplomatic relations with Communist countries. His actions are indicative of a grow- ing urgency among the more politically stable countries to act independently in business and world politics regardless of the consequences. Communism has made in- roads throughout the continent with Communist activity be- lieved to be directed from a well-organized headquarters in the Uruguayan capital of Mon- tevideo. Today Russian and Chi- nese literature is easily obtain- able at cheap prices at book- stalls in nearly every South American capital, and Soviet prestige has soared following Russian scientific feats in outer space. Even more significant has been the influgnce on South America of events in Africa and Cuba, Millions of under- nourished, unemployed, poorly- housed South Americans have had their imagination fired by the independence of so many former colonies in Africa and the social revolution now taking place in Cuba. Though perhaps unable to grasp the meaning of an ideol- ogy as intangible as theoretical communism, South America's underprivileged have seized upon the idea that others in similar plight in other underde- veloped countries are being of- fered a better life and they want the same for themselves. They too want to throw off the shackles which impede them and in some vague way they believe that the U.S. stands be- tween them and their goal. The situation in South German Battalion Invades England LONDON (CP)~In Septem- ber a single German panzer| battalion will accomplish peace- fully what the whole armed might of the Nazis failed to do during the long, hot summer of 1940--Iland in Britain. The battalion's 40 American- made tanks will rumble ashore from landing craft Sept. 9 onto the beaches of Castlemartin in southwestern Wales. Under a NATO training scheme, they will spend three weeks on the 5,000-acre Castlemartin firing range. The manoeuvre has been planned as carefully and as comprehensively as any war- time invasion might have been. It will be conducted against a background of increasing East- West tension, plans to unite Britain more closely with Eu- rope and possible bitterness about German troops on British soil. The reason the tanks are being brought in by beach and the body of the 600-man battal- ion flown directly to Castlemar- tin is to avoid anti-German dem- onstrations en route. During their stay the German soldiers, already well - briefed about possible British reaction, will not pass through any major America is fluid. However, un- biased South Americans feel that there still is time for the United States to stem, even re- verse, the tide of anti-American sentiment, They see, for example, the psychological potential of Presi- dent Kennedy's Alliance for Progress and the new Inter- American Development Fund. town in uniform but will be al- lowed weekend trips to Cardiff and London in civilian clothes. Among other things, the Ger- mans have been told how to con- veri. decimal currency into ster- ling and to make a careful dis- tinction between the Welsh and the English--while remember- ing both are British. REACTION UNCERTAIN Nobody is quite sure how the mass of the British people will treat the Germans. In many ways the situation could be more delicate than the recent station- ing of German troops in France. Germany and France are his- torical enemies divided by op- posing cultural and racial heri- tages. Yet in the last 10 years the exigencies of the cold war, a common border and the Euro- pean economic community have done much to make co-operation between the two countries less strained. Britain, on the other hand, possesses strong cultural and historical ties with the Teutonic race. But, unlike France, she has taken almost no part in the post-war flowering of Western European brotherhood. Until recently no real attempt has been made to bridge the wide gulf created between Brit- ain and Germany by two world wars, the North Sea and fre- quently clashing political phi- losophies. West Germany's cur- rent economic boom has done little to make matters better. Whenever, as now, Britain is faced with one of her periodic !financial crises, Britons gen- erally start casting resentful and jealous glances towards! Bonn and murmur vaguely hos- tile complaints alout England always seeming "to win the vic. tories and lose the wars." PLANNED TIMING Realizing this sort of feeling may start trouble, the British and German authorities have planned the visit with an acute sense of political timing, The Germans will have left before Parliament reassembles after its summer session. This means - members will not be asking embarrassing questions while the troops are still on Brit- ish soil. This will be a greater help to the parliamentary Labor party which opens its annual confer. ence at Blackpool Oct. 2, two days after the Germans leave for home. Labor has already censured seven members of Parliament because they defied a party de- cision to abstain and voted |against the government's mo- tion to allow the Germans the »rivileges of other NATO troops ere. The rebels, led by left-wing in- tellectual Michael Foot, claimed members were exempt from party orders when it comes to matters of '"deeply-held per sonal conscientious conviction." On Sept. 3, the 22nd anniver- sary of the outbreak of the Sec- ond World War, a protest march organized by the National Youth Peace Committee will leave for Castlemartin from Coventry. The marchers hope to complete the 200-mile trek on the day of the Germans' arrival. But reports from Castlemartin itself show that residents seem more or less indifferent to the arrival of the Germans. They are prepared to judge the men without prejudice on their indi- vidual merits. Their attitude is that since the Germans are members of NATO it is better to have well-trained allies than not. Also in the were W. S, Scotia's pro and Dr. Tauer, 'French Provincial' Furniture by Andrew Malcolm Graceful Bedroom Groupings in choice of two fashion finishes Dignity, beauty, elegance . . . all three are embodied in this stunning grouping. 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