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SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1961 Prof. Townsend and lab. assistant. in the COMB By FRANK WOOD ONTARIO TODAY Special incubators. N one department of the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, bees are its most profitable product. Right now, in fact, queen bees are selling for a hundred dol- lars each. Indeed, an offer of $500 was made for one queen. There is something special about these high-priced honey producers, of course. They are the first foreign bees to be imported into Canada or the United States for 38 years. In 1923 a law was passed banning bringing bees into those countries from Europe and elsewhere. The prohibition was imposed to avoid the importation of a mite which lives inside adult bees' breathing tubes and which causes one of the worst bee diseases in Europe. Professor Gordon Townsend, head of the Depart- ment of Apiculture at the OAC and Ontario apiculturist,' a colleague Dr. M. V, Smith, and others, pondered the problem for several years. A solution was well worth finding because breeders vitally need new strains as it is so long since they have had the imported stock that is necessary to prevent inbreeding. Experiments with transportation of bee . larvae were tried over several years, said Dr. Smith, but were found unsatisfactory because of the rough handling to which they are subjected in normal methods of trans- portation Another consideration was special equipment, since immature honeybees need an incubation temperature of 95 degrees Fahrenheit during their development. Dr, Smith himself designed and constructed such an in- cubator. Battery-operated, it provides thermostatistical- ly-controlled heat for a minimum period of 48 hours. It is small and can be carried by hand to avoid jarring the delicate pupae, larvae or eggs. N June Dr. Smith flew to England with the new in- cubator. Through the co-operation of the world's oldest agricultural experimental station at Rothamsted a number of breeder queens had previously been brought in from the Russian Caucasus and Italy. At Rothamsted Dr. Smith reared offspring from these imported queens through the egg,~larval and pupal stages. "The pupae were then taken from the % Crossword Solution ren Hn PICTURE CREDITS Page 3, Miller Services, Que- bec Provincial Publicity; page 4, Elsie Lunney; page 6, Ontario Hydro, B-A Oil; pages 7 Ontario Dept. of Travel and Publicity, B-A Oil; page 8, Ontario Dept. of Travel and Publicity; page 14, B-A Oil; page 19, Harry Rustige; page 20, Toronto Star Syndicate; page 21, Trinidad and Tobago Tour- ist Board; page 23, Frank Wood, Guelph Mercury. Ontario Today Publishing Office: 425 University Ave, Toronto, Canada PAGE TWENTY-THREE hive, which prevented them from becoming infected with the parasitic mites" he said. The queen pupae were removed from their wax cells and placed in gelatin capsules, which were put in the portable incubator, together with some semen from the drones, as well as larvae, eggs and drone pupae. This being done Dr. Smith immediately left by jet plane with this honey bee material for the United States Department of Agriculture's bee culture labora- tory in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. There, under the supervision of Dr. Otto Mackenson, a geneticist and an expert in the artificial insemination of bees, the import- ed queens were artificially inseminated. HERE is a golden lining to this achievement which will more than pay the cost of the experiment. U.S. breeders have already offered high prices (in one case $500) for some of the Caucasian queens. Profes- sor Townsend has offered Caucasian queens to other breeders at $500 each to finance importation costs. He hcpes that new strains of bees can be import- ed from many parts of the world now a method of bringing in parasitic-free bees has been successfully demonstrated. Professor Townsend said these new procedures. were, to some extent, a continuation of the work of the "late David Allanson Jones, the pioneer of the North American bee-keeping industry. As long ago as 1879 Jones went to Cyprus and the 'Holy Land in 'quest of honeybee breeding stock, and returned to Canada the following year with a large number of queens. when the ban was imposed in 1923. Eight-day-old pupa Such importations were stopped, BIG FAMILY EXPENSES JUST AHEAD? ...See Household Finance. If your plans call for extra cash to cover back-to-school expenses --or dozens of other things a family needs --let HFC assist you with a Shopper's Loan. You borrow with a purpose from HFC, then buy better with cash at any store you wish, avoiding a number of large end- of-the-month bills. 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