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he Oshawa Tones Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited 86 King St. E., Oshawa, Ontario T. L. Wilson, Publisher MONDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1964 -- PAGE 6. World Waits Anxiously For More Moscow News The whole world is waiting for more information than has yet come out of Moscow regarding the sudden departure of Premier Khrushchev from all the offices he held in the Soviet Union, and his replacement by two younger men who have in the past been con- sistent supporters of his policies. The official statement that he has retired because of his age and ill health is received with a good deal of scepticism in the capitals of western countries. This report of poor health comes as a surprise. Some six weeks ago, when Lord Thomson of Fleet spent a day travelling across part of Russia with Khrushchev, he stated in an article in his -Sunday Times that he was amazed 'at the stamina, vigor and abundant good health of the Soviet leader. What then, has happened in the meantime to bring about a sudden collapse in his health? Whether Khrushchev retired of his own free will, or was quietly removed from office by the ruling bodies of Russia is important in trying to assess what the policies of his successors will be. Khrush- chev was a tough leader of the Soviet Union, But he was also a wise leader, because he knew when the time was right for compromise, and for easing the tensions between the eastern and western worlds. Under his leadership, definite pro- gress was made in thawing out the cold war. His two successors, Leonid Brezh- nev and Alexei Kosygin, are known to have been strong supporters of the Khrushchev line. What the western powers would like to know is whether they will continue to follow that line, or go off in some other direction? Time alone. will tell what the answer will be. It may be that the new leaders will put an end to the antagonism with Com- munist China and effect a recon- ciliation. On the other hand, they may continue' the Khrushchev policies of moving closer to peaceful co-existence with the west. No matter. in which direction they-may move, it is important that their policies should be made clear as soon as possible, so that the Western nations will have some idea of what confrontation they can expect from Russia in the future, Near Full Employment Canada is gradually edging near to a state of full employment. The figures announced for mid-Septem- ber show a decline of 29,000 in the number of unemployed in the pre- vious month. This brought the total of unemployed down to 218,000. This brings the percentage of un- employment to 3.1 per cent of the working force, compared with 8.4 per cent in the previous month and 8.7 per cent in September, 1963, In that same period of one year, the country's total working force has increased by 189,000 to a total of 6,754,000 employed persons. This unemployment rate is the lowest which Canada has exper- fenced in the past eight years, and is therefore a matter for gratifica- tion. In fact, it brings the Canadian Veto Power It is a good and hopeful sign for the future unity of the Canadian people that the premiers of the 10 provin- ces and Prime Minister Pearson have come to an agreement on the measures necessary to enable Can- ada to amend its own constitution. This is a practical step to remove from Canada the disability of having to go to the British parlia- ment in London whenever it was felt necessary to amend any part of the British.North America Act. The reaching of this agreement makes the recent meeting at which it was achieved an historic occasion. The formula adopted is a .simple one. Changes can be made with the agreement of the federal parliament and seven of the provinces repre- senting at least half the population of Canada. On matters which affect only federal affairs, the consent of the provinces is not required. There' is one provision, however, which arouses some misgiving. It provides that a specific list of fun- She Oshawa Cimes .. WILSON, Publisher R. C. ROOKE, General Manager C. J, MeCONECHY, Editor The Oshawa Times combining The Oshown Times {established 1871) and the Whitby Gazette and Chronicle established 1863) is published daily Sundoys and Statutory holidoys excepted), Members of Canadian Daily Newspaper Publish- ers Association. The Canadian Press, Audit Bureau of Circulation andthe Ontario Provincial Dailies Association. The Canadian Press is exclusively entitied to the use of republication of all news despatched in the paper credited to it'or to The Associated Press or Reuters, and also the local news published therein. All rights of special des- potches are also reserved. Offices: Thomson" Building, \ 425 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario; 640\ Cathcart Street, Montreal, P.Q. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Delivered by carriers in Oshdwa, Whitby, Ajax, Pickering, Bowmanville, Brookli, Port Perry, Prince 'Albert, Maple Grove, Harnptoh, Frenchman's Bay, Liverpool, Taunton, Tyrone, Dunbarton, Enniskillen, Orono, Leskard, Brougham, Burketon, Claremont, Columbus, Greenwood, Kinsale, Raglan Manchester, Pontypool and SOc per week. B ail ir outside corriers delivery a Provinces ond Common USA, and foreign 24.00, Blackstock Newcastle not over rovince of Ontario) 12.00 per year, Other ealth Countries 15.00, employment situation in Canada fairly close to what is regarded as full employment for any country. The late Hugh Gaitskell, former leader of the British Labor party and a brilliant economist, used to assert that an unemployment rate of three per cent represented a con- dition of full employment. His reasoning was that there was always a need for a floating force of un- employed to take care of switches in industrial requirements. That figure, therefore, is accepted by all British economists of note as being valid as indicating full employment. Applying the same yardstick to Canada,.the present rate of 3.1 per cent of unemployed, with a rapidly expanding working force, can be regarded as a welcome improvement in the country's economic position. Questioned damental provisions of the BNA Act can only be changed by unani- mous consent of the 10 provinces. This, in effect, gives to any pro- vince the right to veto a fundemen- tal change in the act. Having seen how. the power of veto has worked detrimentally in the security council of the UNO, one cannot feel too happy about seeing it applied to the amending of our constitution. This power of veto can be misused and abused by any one province to the detriment of the other nine of the 10 Canailian provinces. Before this agreement becomes law, it might be well to take another look at this far-reaching provision. Other Editors' Views LEADERSHIP NEEDED (Christian Science Monitor) In many ways it seems that South Vietnam's tragic carousel has gone full circle over the past 12 months. The only consolation is that Gen- eral Khanh has responded: to stu- dent and Buddhist pressures and pulled back -- at least for the time being -- from his self-defeating, more extreme measures. The crying need, is still a responsible, and pre- ferably civilian, political leadership that can give the South Vietnamese the feeling that they are fighting for something -- and hot merely against something. Bible Thought "Cast thy. bread upon the water: for thou shalt find it after many days." Ecclesiastes 11:1. God will make the.most of the least that we do for Him, "Be not weary in well doing for in due time ye shall reap of ye faint not." PAPER TIGER DEPARTMENT WORRIES OF WATER WATCHDOG No. 3 Greatly Increased Effort To Control Pollution Urged Special to The Oshawa Times By GWYN KINSEY (Third of Four Articles) TORONTO -- The Conserva- tion Council of Canada, in a re- port of Premier Robarts, praises the work of the Ontario Water Resources Commission, but calls for-a greatly stepped up effort by governments and industry to control pollution The Water Commission has extensive powers to protect and improve Ontario's water supply. What has it been doing? By the end of 1963 it appeared that much of the backlog of construction of water and sew- age works had been overcome-- but certainly. not all of it, There were stil] major pollution eon- trol projects to be undertaken, particularly in southwestern On- tario, in the Niagara area and the Grand River watershed. These projects would push spending on water and sewage projects to well over a billion dollars during the first. decade of the Commission's existence . Research was stepped up in 1963, with the appointment of a director and the provision of a staff for a Division of Research. There were more stream sur- veys -- 212 in 1963, up from 147 in 1962 and 50 in 1961. It was the same story in the Commission's Jaboratories, which carried out 181,680 tests On 55,597 water samples. OWRC scientists and technicians were $also busy on such jobs as industry - wide studies in the pulp and paper, meat packing, tanning .and plating fields; de- tergent tests on surface waters; investigation of taste and odor problems in some filtration plants; and studies of algae con- trol. The picture, then, is one of intense and increasing activity. The Conservation Council ques- tions whether it is intense enough or growing sufficiently rapidly. "Of course our effort must be stepped up,'"' says Commission Chairman James A. Vance. "The population is growing and industry jis ex pan ding. There are more wastes to be disposed of. New processes bring new types of wastes to be considered," The OWRC can get tough -- it has taken a number of of- fenders to court. But it seeks first the co-operation of muni- cipalities and industries. "We know what we want," says Dr. Vance, "'but we cannot ask the impossible and we can- not demand that it be done to- morrow, as some fanatics seem to expect us to do." He might have asked: Do you close a $100 million. plant, em- Ploying hundreds, perhaps thousands of workers, because it cannot solve its waste disposal problem immediately, or do you give it time and expert assist- ance to work out the solution? There are scientific as well as economic questions to be. consid- ered, as new processes produce unexpected chemical reactions in wastes. Several industries have spent more than a_ million | dollars apiece to lick their waste dis- posal problems. There have been some spectacular examples of co-operation: complete waste treatment facilities were built BY-GONE DAYS 15 YEARS AGO October 19, 1949 South Ontario Plowing Match held on the farm of C. S. Waller of Reach Township, attracted a record crowd. Outstanding was the work by boys of 18 years and under with a large number of entries, Bill Hamilton, of Oshawa, was chosen as one of Canada's three bicycle riders for the British Empire Games in New Zealand. General Motors 'Train of To- morrow" arrived in Oshawa for a two-day stay, during which time the citizens of the com- munity had an opportunity of viewing it. George Topping, member for 46 years of St. Gregory's Coun- cil, Knights of Columbus, was honored when Oshawa Council held its annual Columbus Day dinner. He was one of 19 mem- bers who received 25-year mem- bership awards. A total of 587 registered for night classes at OCVI, which was a. decrease of 118 from the previous year's enrolment of 705, In recognition of 25 years serv- ice as a dealer of General Motors Products, Ontario Motor Sales Ltd. was presented with a trophy by GM. The presentation was made to 'Norval Willson and L. M. Souch, on behalf of. the company. High Park Masonic Lodge, Toronto, paid their annual visit to Lebanon Lodge, AF and AM. The guest speaker Walter C. Thompson, MP, was given a vote of thanks by Wor. Bro. Charles Templer, ruling master of local lodge Oshawa's population increased 515 within the past year to 38 5 A basement was being con- structed under the Gibbons Street Mission, formerly a one- storey building, to accommodate classes of the Sunday School. City. Council appointed a dele- gation to visit the National Em- ployment officers here with a view to getting local industry to follow a principle of 'Oshawa first" in granting employment. TODAY IN HISTORY By THE CANADIAN PRESS Oct. 19, 1964... The U.S, imposed an em- bargo on Cuba in an attempt to tumble the' Castro regime, four years ago today -- in 1960. This was the first move. that eventu lly brought the crisis of a war threat between the U.S, and Russia under the American presidency of John F. Ken- nedy two years. later. Can- ada was criticized by some U.S. officials at this time for continuing to trade with Cuba and in reply, Canada argued that it had always traded with all nations re- gardless of political creed. 1945--The United Nations Charter was unanimously ratified by t's Canadian House, of Commons, 1954 -- Britain and Egypt reached agreement follow- ing the Suez Canal dispute. First World War Fifty years ago today--in 1914--the first Indian units reached the Flanders front; the first Battle of Ypres be- gan; a segment of the Brit- ish fleet aided Belgians. in repulsing German. attacks from Nieuport to Dixmude. into a new Shell Oil refinery at Bronte, for example, and a Northern Electric Co. plant at Bramalea included provision of complete treatment facilities for all plating wastes. LONG-TERM EFFORT It may be possible to end one- industr¥ poljution of a river in a matter of weeks or months. But it may take many years to win the struggle in a highly indus- trialized and heavily populated watershed. y, The Grand River watershed is an example of the long-term effort. The Gnand has been call- ed "the biggest open sewer in Ontario". Into it and its tribu- taries have flowed the wastes of people and plants from scores of closely bunched communities -- from cities like Kitchener, Guelph and Gait to villages like Ayr and Baden. Municipalities in the Grand watershed area have no alter- native but to discharge their wastes to the river or its tribu- taries. With $10 million worth of financing arranged - by the OWRC, sewage works and ex- tensions have been constructed or are under way at Galt, Pres- ton, Brantford, Paris, Kitchener, Waterloo, Fergus, New Ham- burg, Arthur, Elora and Elmira. Conservation and flood control storage schemes are built or planned. Other communities -- Hespeler and Dunnville, for ex- ample -- were approached months ago about their sewage problems. This sort of program takes time and an enormous amount of money. But the battle of the Grand is slowly being won. It is this process of painful recovery that encourages Dr. Vance to think that Ontario is not losing ground in its struggle against pollution, and is in fact beginning to gain. But as he ays, "We must run faster and faster to make any progress." MAC'S MUSINGS The result of the British General election has turned Out just as close as I Had expected it to be, and Although the Labor party Has become the government Its margin is so smai!l Thats life wil! always Be fraught with peril Until a new election Gives it another chance. As I have looked over The British. scene, I have Searched for the reasons Why the Labor party -has Failed to reach the heights It attained in 1945, when It had a sweeping victory. I believe that Labor failed To secure a big majority Because the people of Britain have become too Prosperous since last there Was a Labor government, And too many of them now Own their own homes and Drive their own cars And enjoy the affluence Which has come to them. The. growth of home owner- ship Among the working people Has definitely had a strong Influence on their political Thinking, and has turned Many people living. under Much better conditions than Ever before to lose the Grievances which once made Them Labor supporters. Labor has won the election, But its supporters are Disappointed with the smail Mangin of victory after a Campaign in which the »party Exerted its maximum effort, MAC'S MEDITATIONS U.K. Election Result Far From Being Satisfactory ' By M. McINTYRE HOOD Just as I had predicted, the British general election turned out to be one of the closest in history. From a national stand- point, the result is highly unsat- isfactory. The Labor party has @ majority of only four over the combined Tory and Liberal panties. In a house of 630 seats, that figure is much too smail to be a sound working majority. The Liberals, with nine seats, came very close to holding -the balance of power. Now it is more than likely that before the end of 1965, Britain willl have another general election. Thus the British political situ- ation is almost exactly the same as it was after the general elec- tion of February 23, 1950. Going into that election with a com- manding lead of 191 seats over the Consenvatives -- a lead se- cured in the immediate post- war election of 1945 -- Labor came out of it with a bare majority of six seats in the House of Commons. Prime Min- ister Clement Attlee decided to carry on, and he was successful in conducting the government of the country, 'with that narrow margin, until an election was held in October, 1951, Although challenged in the House of Com- mons on close to 100 votes of confidence, Prime Minister Att- lee survived ail these challenges and put through some important legislation, including the nation- alization of Britain's steel] indus- try. THE 1951 ELECTION In October, 1951, however, Att- lee went again to the polis, and went down to defeat. Winston Churchill and his Conservative party won the election with a majority of 28 seats over the Labor party, and of 17 over all other parties combined. This was the beginning of 13 years of Conservative government which has now ended with the narrow Labor majority of less than the party had in 1950, but fost in 1951. As we mentioned in this column a couple of weeks ago, the Conservative party made a remarkable recdvery in the last year, since Sir Alex Douglas- Home took over the party lead- ership. Had the election taken place a year ago it would have resulted in a runaway Labor victory. By delaying it until last week, Prime Minister Douglas- Home did so splendid a job of revitalizing his party that the Labor majority of only four is, if anything, a vindication of his jeadership, WHAT NEXT? The natural question which now arises is that of how the Labor party will carry on, and delay the holding of another election, with so small a major- ity in the House of Commons. As it is certain that he will be under pressures from the left and right wings of his party from the start, Prime Minister Harold Wilson will have to tread warily in order to reconcile the conflicting views which prevail that his majority is so smail, within his own party, The fact however, may enable him to keep the possible rebels within the party ranks in line, because even the slightest of defections would imperil the life of the government. The result, however, is not a happy one. With a Labor govern- ment in power, it would have WASHINGTON CALLING Que. Boos For Quee Shock U.S. Observers By GORDON DONALDSON WASHINGTON (Special) -- The Queen, it seems, is far more popular in the United States than in French Canada, Americans took time off from their election squabbles to cast anxious eyes at her progress through Canada. Not since the "anti-American"? Canadian elec- tion 'of 1963 has there been such newspaper and television coverage of a Canadian event. Friends and neighbors sought me out to ask if I thought the Queen would be safe in Quebec. Eleven months after the murder in Dallas and a week after the publication of the Warren report, assassination "was very much on everybody's mind, As Americans saw it, the Queen gained full marks for steadiness under fire. Said the Washington Evening Star: "There are cowards lurk- ing in the dark and she's a brave woman, who knows how to be a monarch as well as a wife and mother. The fabulous first. Elizabeth could -- hardly have done better. "Like her father before her who stuck it out in the London blitz when advised to seek a safer locale,' Elizabeth makes royalty look as if it were well worth preserving. 'God save her'."' The New York. Times com- mented: 'She herself acted with great serenity and courage in a new experience which must. have been quite discon- certing." Reports of the massive secur- ity arrangements and the skull- bashing habits of the Quebec City police aroused little sur- prise, as Americans are used to such scenes. But there was wonderment that the Canadian government had gone ahead with 'an ill- Starred visit that. could only dramatize a widening split in the nation. The prospect of a divided Canada dismays U.S. policy- makers and the thought of an "independent" Quebec one day hammering at the door and de- manding admission to the Unit- ed States, horrifies thei. There may be secret plans for the annexation of Canada stored in some musty corner of the State department, but I dowht it Canada's separatist problem {s its own affair. Most Ameri- cans didn't know it existed until last week. But they rather re- sent the Queen's being dragged in and insulted and booed. Because, as I said, she's pretty popular down here. Three key Senate election races to watch on Novy, 3: New York State -- Robert Kennedy, 38, Democrat and for- mer. Attorney-General trying to unseta Sen. Kenneth Keating, 64, silver-haired liberal Repub- lican. Keating is campaigning in- dependently of his party leader Sen. Goldwater, with whom he disagrees, He won't say whether or not he'li vote for Goldwater. He calls Massachustts - born Kennedy a "canpet-bagger", an truder running on nothing more than his late brother's name. Kennedy cites his experience es chief adviser to his brother in times of crisis, relies on the Goldwater label to oust Keat- ing Position -- ahead California ~ Sen, Pierre Sal- inger, 38 (Dem. filling out term Keating slightly , et t of Sen. Clair Engle who died) against George Munphy,. 62, (Rep., former Hollywood song and dance man, now film execu- tive). Personalities play the big part here. Does Salinger, former press secretary to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, know more about government than actor Murphy who once played a president's press secretary in a movie? Chief local issue is re- peal of a state law banning race discrimination in sale of property. Salinger, a liberal is against repeal; Murphy, a Gold- water conservative, says noth- ing. Position -- Salinger ahead but slipping. Ohio -- Robert Taft, 47, son of a famous conservative Re- publican senator, challenges Sen. Stephen Young (Dem) 75. Issue -- Goldwater. Will Taft, a reluctant Goldwater supporter, be dragged down by the na- tional ticket? Position -- chance. Taft has good Campaign vitriol -- Sen. Goldwater's chief gio- gan 'In your heart you know he's right' has been distorted by Democrats to 'In your head you know he's wrong". Lat- est version: "In your guts you know he's nuts", 196: made for greater government if it org majority of something like 25 30 seats in order that it could WILL GO SLOW Under the circumstances, therefore, it is likely that the Willson gov it will pr d with care and caution before putting any of its new policies into effect. With the change in 'power in Moscow, he is not like- under the previous government, ELECTION NEXT YEAR By following that kind of pro- gram, he can hope to quieten the fears of those who have dreaded the advent of a Labor government at this time. And with the country's economy poised perilously on the brink of inflation and a large deficit in its balance of payments, it will probably keep the govern- ment busy for the next few months struggling to keep the economy on an even keel, This will make impossible the carry- ing out of any of the grandiose schemes of the Labor platform. But if Mr. Wilson can demon- strate, within the next year, that he has the capacity, and that his cabinet is capable enough to meet the economic crisis and to enact measures which wifl draw popular approval and favor, he might well, a year from now, venture to caill another election with the justifiable hope = @ good working ma- ity ; But in making that decision, he will be guided largely by the results of the, municipal elec- tions all over Britain next April and May. If they show Labor making substantial gains in these elections, the Prime Min- ister might well be tempted to gamble on a 1965 appeal to the electorate to give him a larger majority in the House of Com- POINTED PARAGRAPHS It is said a person is only as old he feels. That would make many of us 50 years old in the morning, but nearer to . 80 at night. If national opinion polls and electronic computers can pre- dict an election result accurate- ly, there would be little need of spending so much money to hold an election. 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