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| Bhe Oshama Times Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited 86 King St. E., Oshawa, Ontario T. L. Wilson, Publisher FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1965 -- PAGE 4 It's 'Frying Pan Or Fire Alternative In Election Canadians are faced with a fry- ing pan or the fire alternative in the coming election. Whatever may be the fanciful promises or the devas- tating denouncements loosed in the campaign, this is the true plight of the electorate. Canadians have not been happy with the Liberal administration. Even the most partisan of Liberals must surely have been made un- comfortable by the many faux pas made by the Pearson administra- tion. The leadership of our country has not been as decisive, as inspired nor as competent as a nation such as ours deserves. Actions taken ---- and even the gains made -- have been so confused and awkwardly handled they've been robbed of sig- nificance. But what is the alternative? In times such as these, difficult times, a democratic society should have an alternative government ready to take office. Canada lacks such an essential alternative. The case of Douglas Harkness has been used effectively by the politically independent Vancouver Sun to illustrate the dilemma. The former Conservative minister of de- fence rejects Mr. Diefenbaker's be- lated offer of reconciliation after a bitter quarrel and, in so doing, il- luminates the opposition party's tra- gic dilemma. Mr. Harkness will seek re-election in Calgary, sure of success at the Too Many Illiteracy may not be a pleasing word but it is descriptive. Too many Canadians are illiterate. The Guelph Mercury poihts out over 5,000,000 in this country have restricted schooling. By restricted we mean grade 8 or less and of this number over a million have grade 4 or less. Five million is about 25 per cent of our population and these She Oshawa Times T 1. WILSON, Publisher R. €. ROOKE. General rn C. J. MeCONECHY Editor . The Oshawa Times combining The Oshawa Times (established 1871) and the itby Gazette and Chronicle established 1863) is published daily Sundays end Statutory holidays excepted) b # Canadian Da' Publish- o ity erm Association. The Canadian Press, Audit Bureau of Circulation and the Ontario Provincial Dailies Association. The Canadion Press is exclusively entitied to the use of republication of all news despatched in the poper credited to It er to The Assotiated Press or Reuters, ond also the local news published therein. All rights of special des catches are also re: . Offices: Building, 425 University Thomson . Ontario; 640 Cathcart Street, SUBSCRIPTION RATES Delivered by corriers in Oshawa, Whitby, Ajox, Pickering, Bowmanville, Brooklin, Port Perry, Prince Albert, iple Grove, Hampton, Frenchman's Bay, Liverpool, Taunton, Tyrone, Dunbarton. Enniskillen, Orono, Leskord, Broughom, Burketon, Claremont, Manchester, Pontypool, and Newcastle not over 50c, per week. By mail in Province of Ontario outside carrier delivery orea, $15.00 per year. Other provinces and Commonwealth Countries, $18.00 per yeor. U.S.A. and foreign $27.00 per yeer. polls, but he will run as a lonely, in- dependent Conservative, opposed to his party's leader. Many other Con- servatives will run in the same state of mind, without the candor to ad- mit it. What, then, do these candidates offer to the electorate? Either they offer a Conservative government divided internally from the start, in a state of civil war, or else they of- fer to unload Mr. Diefenbaker after he has returned to office. By definition both offers are un- acceptable, If a confused. nation needs any- thing today it is a strong, united government, How can it expect such a government from a disunited par- ty? Assuming, however, that the Conservative party wins the elec- tion, it will be impossible to unload Mr. Diefenbaker. A triumph at the polls, despite all his sea of troubles, would make him personally impreg- nable, even if his party was still torn between the loyalists and the rebels. If the Conservatives win, Mr, Diefenbaker will be prime minister again. The old government dismiss- ed in 1963 will return to power, this time without its old magic and split down the middle. The Conservative dilemma, though some narrow-minded Liber- al partisans may jeer at it, is, as The Sun says, the nation's misfor- tune, Illiterate have to be classed as illiterates. This number is not confined to the young but embraces ages from 15 to what is the retiring age. You may consider this a deplor- able condition but it becomes more disastrous when you realize the number is increasing rather than lessening. What is the future for these peo- ple? When people cannot, or can bare- ly write their own names they are most unlikely to carry their weight in society. Of the five million, more than one million were not born in this coun- try and an immigrant who cannot write or speak our language is at a great disadvantage. If those with meagre education were made to train for skilled jobs or even educated to a secondary school entrance standard it would be an advantage. Everyone in this country should know English or French or preferably both but at least be conversant with the lang- uage with which they are going to have the greatest contact. GOOD EVENING tt nee QUEEN'S PARK seeeswen Kecuracy Queried Of Exam Findings By DON 0'HEARN TORONTO -- This year the out-cries against the Grade 13 examinations have been louder than ever. The Grade 12's always have been good for a pretty good howl, In past years, if it hasn't been about the toughness of the papers, it has been over the jateness of the marks. But this year; it seems, more : people, principals and teachers as well as students and par- ents, have been in on the act, And the complaints have been louder and more bitter. Personally, I've never been able to get too excited about this clamor. The fact is that Grade 13 exams have never been too ac- curate a test of student ability, and probably never could be. _MARKS VARY WIDELY The years have shown wide variations in the average marks received. For instance, between 1962 and 1963, the failure rate in English composition spread from under 12 per cent, to more than 17 per cent, In some technical subjects the spread was even greater, run- ning to nearly 100 per cent in- crease. In 1964, the rate in some had dropped back again? while in others it had gone up. These differences couldn't be blamed on the calibre of the student bodies and the teaching in the various years. | There might be some slight difference in these, but nothing to account for variations of such proportions. EXAMS DIFFER The difference obviously lias been in the exam papers, and perhaps to some degree in the standards of marking. And it is only common sense that these can't be constant. No two exam papers can be absolutely parallel tests. And marking, by its nature, being founded on personal judgments, must vary. The degree of variation in Grade 13's, however, has been surprisingly large. And this probably has hasten- ed the inclusion of teachers' marks as part of the final standing. This past year 25 per cent of the final marks was based on these. This year, it will be increas- ed to 35 per cent. And the per- centage will gradually keep go- ing up. For while these can't be a pre- cise evaluation, either, they probably are closer to the borad ability of a student than the formal examinations Tradition In Tobacco Country Of 'All-Canadian Hillbillies' SIMCOE, Ont. (CP)--A tradi- tion of living on relief has given rise to a breed of "'all-Canadian hillbillies" in Ontario's tobacco country. Some 2,000 persons in Norfolk County--one of the 10 poorest counties in the province--live in one- and two-room homes of rotting wood, tarpaper and tin, with debris-filled backyards and children in makeshift clothes playing amid the rubble. Robert Perry, warden of Nor- folk County and a member of its recently formed poverty committee, says: 'It now has become tradition with many of these families to stay on relief. It started with the grandfather, was passed along to the father and now. it is the son who in- tends to pass the habit along to his children." Historically, Norfolk is a poor county, Between 30 and 40 per cent of its non-farm families earn less than $3,000 a year. Yet Norfolk County is the largest contributor /to an in- dustry which nets the province close to $100,000,000 each year. Of the 4,513 tobacco farms in Ontario in 1964, 2,024 were in the county. During the early years of the industry--the late 1920s, '30s and '40s--thousands of lean-tos, shanties and tents housed the seasonal workers, As automatic processes of the last two dec- ades took over more of the harvesting 'operations, the To- bacco R residents of Norfolk County began to disappear. CONTENT TO STAY Mr. Perry described those who have stayed on as "'the all- Canadian hillbillies." And they show little intention of moving. M 0 s t' seem content with monthly welfare and family al- lowance cheques. Those who will talk freely -to strangers give a variety of reasons why they can't work. Most common are weak hearts, back ailments and pregnancies. But it is only the last that are usually in evidence. Emily and Russell Gogo have had 14 children in 22 years of tm uu NT A moved from to find work on Norfolk matriage, They Brockville, Ont., the tobacco farms of County 12 years ago The 10 eldest children are wards af.the Children's Aid So- ciety and Mrs. Gogo can't re- call when they were taken away from her. "It doesn't matter much," she said, 'I've got my hands full with the four I've got here now. My husband and me, we ain't seen the three oldest for some spell, I guess they just don't want to-come home no more," "Home" for the Gogos is two rooms, a leaky roof, tarpaper- patched walls and peeling paint. It replaces a tin-walled shanty they lived in for the first 11 years in Norfolk County. The Gogos and some of their neighbors who earn between $1,- 000 and $2,000 a year on the to- bacco farms supplement their income by dealing in scrap, keeping a back-yard junk pile of wrecked motor vehicles and scrap metal Police and county officials say drink often is to blame for minor law-breaking. They cite cases of fathers spending wel- fare cheques on beer instead of the week's. groceries or shoes for the children. When the county issued coupons for food exchange only, the men often made deals with area grocers to cash them for less than their value. Most of the hillbillies live on what welfare allows them every week, which is $32 for the Taylor family. Lawrence Tay- lor and his wife have 18 child- ren, which brings them in an- other $72 a month in family al- lowance cheques Asked if he ever thought of moving somewhere else-----Ham- ilton, for instance--Taylor re- plied: "Yup, opportunity's real good in Hamilton -- wouldn't mind living there "They pay $39 a week for re lief, Not like this cheap county. How do they expect to raise kids decently around here for that money?" sqrgemsnnneat tem statte mn | by Jack Gearin Thomas Could Help NDP In Ontario Riding. Clear the decks, boys. That November 8 Federal election is just around the cor- ner, and let's face it. All three parties in Ontario riding federal have done little or nothing during the long, sum- mer months to repair their poli- tical fences . This includes the PCs, who have had such a rigid hold on the riding for 18 years (since 'Mike' Starr defeated Liberal John L iB gy «oe of the late WwW. MH} Mackenzie King, 12,316At0 9,088 May 26, 1952). *'Mike's" three-week absence behind the Iron Curtain with a Parliamentary delegation slow- ed the PC's activity to a crawl. Notably missing on the PC's summer agenda was the tradi- tional Starr-Dymond-Walker pic- three district chiefs a chance to rub shoulders with. the rank- and-file It will be held Saturday, Sep- tember <> on the farm of Heber Down (brother of City Alderman Norman Down) if rain or snow doesn't intervene. "Big Chief" John Diefenbaker was last year's honored guest. Every ef- fort is being made to have Pem- ier John Robart's play the role this year. He is a prime favor- ite in this district where he per- sonally campaigned in 1964 in support of the successful candi- dacy of Albert V. Walker. MPP, Oshawa riding Mr. Pearson's Tuesday elec- tlon announcement caught the riding NDP without a candidate. The NDP will hold a meeting September 12 in the Steelwork- ers' Hall, Oshawa, to map plans for a nomination meeting when the party's standard-bearer will be picked. Who will be the NDP's riding election of Aileen Hall polled 14,461 votes. She was still well behind Starr (with 23,158 and Liberal Norman Cafik with 16,051), but this was her frist try and she was poli- oically unknown her total in the April 8, June 18, 1962 when She increased 1963, 1983, by PC "Ab" defeat small -- 12,077 Statistics less in the light of recent politt cal events at the federal level, bul they prove that Mr had strong appeal at the polls Walker, his was noticeably fo 11,905. Such seem meaning: margin may 'Thomas candidate? Even the NDP executive does- n't seem to know at this stage, But the name of T. D. "Tommy" Thomas keeps crop ping up. Mr. Thomas did not rule himself out of the conten- tion when asked this week, but he made no committment. "'ho else within the riding party has such an impressive record at the polls (all in the Provincial fteld) over a long span? ther poten- tial candidates have been men- tioned, such as Rev. John Por- ter, the Oshawa United Church minister and representative of the Oshawa Ministerial Associa- tion on the Oshawa and Dis- trict Labor. Council Ontario riding federal has a heavy trade union representa- tion, but neither the NDP or the CCF (its predecessor) has fared too well therein politically at the federal level. The party's last victory was in the 1948 by- election when Arthur Williams defeated Liberal Lyman Gif- ford 10,187 to 8,311 (Frank Me- Callum, PC, ran third. That is a long time for a party to be wandering around the political wastelands without victory. The NDP appeared to be ready for @ resurgence after the federal election to 15,020, but this was a disappointment to the party in asmuch as Starr had 22,902 and Cafik 20,174 Donald MacDonald, NDP pro- vincial leader, said last spring that the party planned to work closer with the trade union movement. He predicted that Labor would soon make a much greater financial contribution to the party, This would enable the NDP to have paid, full-time or- ganizers in large ridings such as Ontario. These organizers would promote weekly meet- ings of the membership, con- duct well-organized campaigns to bolster the ranks, attends to -public relations and_publi- city, if other words, do mueh of the essential groundwork needed for the successful oper- . machine. organized has been MacDonald's pro- ation of a political Such plans are not overnight, but little heard of Mr posal since. The NDP could still bring in a "big name" candidate from outside the riding but, failing this, Mr. Thomas looks like their strongest local candidate. When the amiable, Welsh-born former Tool and Die maker from GM was finally dethroned Sept. 25, in 1963 The riding Liberals gol off to a good start earlier this vear when Dr. Claude Hibbert Vipond was nominated stand- ard-bearer, but they quickly slipped into the Summer dol- drums, failed to take advantage of the lull on the hustings. The Liberals have an alert and vig- orous new wing in the recently: organized Young Liberal Asso- ciation, but the "youngsters" can't carry the load alone, They need far more Support than they have been getting from "the old guard", too many of whom still display a tendency to stand on the sidelines and pray for mir- acles. The Liberals came close to victory in 196%when they had a .well.- oiled riding machine, when solidarity was plainly .vis- ible within the ranks from Pick- ering to Oshawa For the sake of the record the late, great W. H. "Billy" Moore held this riding for the Liberals for 15 years from 1930 to 1945. He was regarded at Ot- tawa as an "'authority" or fi- nancial matters, and an inde- pendent thinker unafraid to dis- agree openly with his party. He was also "Mike" Starr's first political mentor, my qnsatnne Td YEARS AGO 20 YEARS AGO Sept. 10, 1945 SL Rev, FE. Harston of Toronto and formerly pastor of Simcoe Street United Church here, was guest speaker at the Oshawa Rotary Club luncheon John Thompson, student of Whitby High School, was award- ed the Moses Aikins Scholar- ship in physics and chemistry with admission to University of Toronto. 35 YEARS AGO Sept. 10, 1930 The SS Valley Camp brought the first cargo of coal into Osh- awa Harbor, inaugurating a new' service by water to this port. General Motors of Canada held its seventh annual picnic at Lakeview Park with more than 15,000 in attendance. ovate trite gee Chance Slight Of Nuclear Sub By DAVE McINTOSH OTTAWA (CP) -- It is still possible, but unlikely, that the Royal Canadian Navy will get a nuclear submarine, officials say. Naturally, the navy would like to get its sea legs into some nuclear subs but so far the cost has ruled out any such pro- gram. The defence department now is buying three conventional submarines---trom--Britain- -for $11,000,000 each. The first is to be commissioned this month, The department has an- nounced it will buy another sub- marine about 1970 to replace HMCS Grilse, a Second World War sub acquired from the U.S. as a training craft on the West Coast Officials say it has not yet been decided whether this sub will be nuclear or conventional or where it will be built. But in all likelihood it would be con- ventional In 1957, Conservative Defence Minister George Pearkes or- dered a thorough study of the possibility of nuclear propulsion for Canadian warships, particu- larly submarines A team comprising experts from the navy, industry depart- ment and Atomic Energy of Canada Lid made a detailed atudy and its report ds still classified ax secret As a result of the facts set out by the survey group, a deci- sion was taken not to build nu- clear subs. GEMINI PROGRAM MAGIC BUTTONS MISSING Master On Hometront, LBJ In Difficulty Abroad Congress may be tracta- ble, but the world at large is not. In his foreign poli- cies, President Johnson has come up against some king- sized problems. This story describes LBJ in action. By LEWIS GULICH WASHINGTON (AP) -- "We cannot expect to mash a button and have our wishes carried out all over this globe,"' Presi- dent Johnson said soon after he took office. Today Johnson could find use for a string of magic buttons which--presto--could wipe out foreign policy problems that have risen up to plague him. To name three: Viet Nam, the Dominican Republic and United Nations finances. The last two, while still present, are not acute at the moment, but the question of Viet Nam has become more serious since he took office in November, 1963. Johnson came to the White House comparatively untested on foreign issues. On the other hand, he was a recognized mas- ter of domestic issues and his successes at home have been outstanding. But the foreign picture has its brighter spots, too, To name three again: --The Panama_ problem, which erupted with Canal Zone riots in January, 1964, as Johnson's first full-blown foreign crisis, has receded into negotiations that show promise of curing two long- standing issues: Panama's discontent with the old Canal Zone Treaty, and agreement on a new. sea-level waterway. --The former Belgian Congo, giant in the heart of Africa, has survived insurgency and African animosities with 'a strengthened pro-West regime at Leopoldville. --Cyprus, threatening to ig- nite war between NATO allies Turkey and Greece a year ago, has calmed, FINAL VERDICT To label any one of these cases as a success or failure entirely attributable to Johnson is to credit him with more power than he commands, As Johnson put it, "we are not the last word"--other forces are at work too, and every crisis has historical antecedents, The final verdict is in the dis- tant future on Johnson's fore- most foreign affairs difficulty-- the conflict with communism In Southeast Asia Defence' Secretary Robert 8. TODAY IN HISTORY By THE CANADIAN PRESS Sept. 10, 1965... The expulsion of the Aca- dians (French settlers) from what now is Nova Sco- tia and New Brunswick be- gan 210 years ago today--in 1755. In 1713 it was decided all settlers should either fake an oath of allegiance to the English crown or move 'to another. part 'of America within a year, but this 'was never enforced, However in 1755 they were rounded up and put aboard ships, often without money and without warning the au- thorities at their destination. Instructions from the king to leave the Acadians in peace did not reach Lieu- tenant - Governor Lawrence until the deportations. were over 1846 -- Elias Howe pa tented the sewing machine 1917--A plebiscite in the state of Maine rejected woman suffrage. First World War Fifty years ago today--in 1915--a German spy was ex- , ecuted in the Tower of Lon- don; financiers from Lon- don and Paris arrived at New York to negotiate a $1,000,000,000 loan for the Allies. Second World War 'Twenty-five years ago to- day~in 1940--a delayed-ac- tion bomb, dropped two days before, demolished the north front of Buckingham Palace; the RAF raided barge concentrations along the Channel coast; Italian bombers killed 111 people at Tel Aviv, Palestine; world shipping losses during the war were computed at more than 2,000,000 tons of Allied shipping, 1,236,000 Axis, 69,213 neutral, McNamara returned from a July inspection trip to South Viet Nam saying the situation had deteriorated. Johnson had ordered the first sustained bombing of North Viet Nam be- gun in February and sent initial U.S. ground combat forces to South Viet Nam the following month. Now he has increased the U.S. military manpower commitment by 50,000, to 125,- 000. Battle reports are producing moderate optimism on defeat- ing the current Viet Cong sum- mer offensive, Yet the Commu- nists still show no sign of want- ing to talk peace. Even if there should be clear military gains in the coming months, a long task would lie ahcad in strengthening South Viet Nam to the point where it could stand without outside aid. DOMINICAN CHAOS In the Dominican chaos last April, Johnson averted what he portrayed as the threat of an- other Cuba by sending in more than 20,000 troops. Still, there was sharp criticism from many Latin Americans who. protested what they called a return to gunboat diplomacy, At the United Nations Ambas- sador Arthur J. Goldberg an- nounced the administration's formal abandonment of the lengthy U.S. effort to force Rus- sia and other delinquent mem- bers to pay their UN dues on neacekeening operations, This about-face from the po- sition previously taken by the Johnson and Kennedy adminis- trations indicates a new method of financing the world organi- zation will have to be worked out, The United States has been far the largest contributor. The wide and often turbulent field of U.S. - Soviet relations generally has come under the cloud of Viet Nam. Keeping af- fairs with Moscow on an even keel is Washington's main ef- fort now. U.S.-Soviet negotiators succeeded last year in agreeing on a consular treaty. No break- through on disarmament is in sight. SOME PROGRESS Some progress with Commu- nist bloc countries in increased trade, travel and relaxing ten- sions has been reported from Johnson's policy of building bridges to eastern Europe. This is a slow but continuing process, Stagnation marks U.S. rela- tions with western Europe. Johnson has hewed to American policy favoring European unity and closer transatlantic ties. A revival of talk about a multi- lateral nuclear forces is ex- pected after West Germany's elections this fall. But President Charles de Gaulle stands firmly athwart moves to integrate the Euro- pean countries, and France re- mains in the heart of Europe. The record is mixed else- where. The overthrow of Ben Bella seems to have improved the U.S. view of Algiers. Rela- tions with Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser are uneasy but not rock bottom. With Indonesia's Su- karno they are going sharply , downhill. U.S. diplomats have found no way to stop the India- Pakistan strife. AID INCREASED In Latin America the Johnson administration has stepped up Alliance for Progress aid, The program still gets. complaints from Latin Americans of bu- reaucratic strictures by Wash- ington, and criticisms from some U.S. officials that the Latin Americans are foot-drag- ging on reforms, OTTAWA REPORT Dissatisfied With Grits OTTAWA--Several MPs have adopted the do - it - yourself method of sampling public opinion on the top political is- sues of the day, I recently de- scribed the questionnaire sent out by Jimmy Walker, the chief Liberal whip, to 68,000 homes in his Toronto constituency, Now I have obtained particu- lars of a similar sampling taken by Conservative MP Eldon Woolliams among his constitu- ents of Bow River, Alberta. The most vivid feature of. the many responses which Mr. Woolliams received is that they reveal an even greater degree of dissatisfaction with the con: . duct of our public affairs than has been revealed by earlier nationwide public opinion polls, Of these voters with a formed opinion, less than 21 per cent consider the present Pearson government "more_ effective" than the preceding Diefenbaker government; 81 per cent con- sider Prime Minister Pearson has acted ineffectively as re- gards charges of corruption; 74 per cent consider he should have dismissed the ministers "concerned in these corruption charges'; and the same per- centage beleves the Opposition acted effectively in presenting charges of wrong-doing. Substantial majorities are of the opinion that the present gov- ernment has done too little to help agriculture and too little fo assist small business. Ma- jorities are opposed to the new pension plan, think the govern- ment spends too much on wel- fare assistance don't approve of provincial governments being allowed to opt out of federal- provincial cost - sharing pro- grams, consider that the com- mission on bilingualism and bi- culturalism is having a divisive effect on Canada, and would re- tain the death penalty for con- victed murderers, s Eldon Woolliams' respondents show the same uncertainty about an election as the na- tional average: three in 10 have not made up their mind how they would vote in a federal general election, But 60 per cent are confident that the Conservative candidate will hold the Bow River seat, and a surprising 47 per cent would not even hazard a guess at the nationwide outcome of @ general election. Among the write - in com- ments by those who answered Eldon Woolliams' questionnaire, there is a remarkably general demand for a return to honesty and morality in public life: "Continue to uncover and ex: pose corruption wherever it Is found'--"Press for clean-up in ministerial ranks"="have the RCMP investigate all cabinet ministers"--"'Insist there be a house - cleaning"--"Get com- plete investigation and punish- ment of offenders' -- 'Make sure facts are made public"~-- "Take care the government does not whitewash offences', and perhaps typically: 'Do right before God and man." ESCAPES QUOTED The way the government per- mitted Banks and Rivard to slip through their fingers was criti- cized by many people, but of course since those comments, the RCMP has captured one fish which had been allowed to slip through the government's uncertain clutches. It is refreshing to see the old- fashioned virtues reflected in the thinking of those Albertans: the budget should be balanced, the recent tax culs were not justified, devaluation of the dol- lar helped our economy. 'Of those replying, 81 per cent consider the Liberal Govern ment has treated French Can- ada "more favorably" than the other nine provinces; Quebec, say 82 per cent, is not justified in its claims. While 56 per cent disapprove the design of the new national flag, 72 per cent deplore the manner in which the govern- ment brought about its adop- tion, and only 21 per cent con- sider that Canada should "sever our attachment with the Queen." Bow River is obviously the home of typically honest and sensible Canadians; most Cana- dians everywhere would say "me, too" to nearly all their expressed opinions, BIBLE But God cammendeth his own love toward us, in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. -- Romans 5:8. God is attracted to man, not for what he is, but for what he can become. neLonvon Tawny Canadian Port LIMITED c LONDON WINERY