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Sari. fim 4 Cn ti(iéi GT an Ghe shawna Cimes : Published by Canadian Newspopers Limited T. L. Wilson, Publisher TUESDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1965 -- PAGE 4 Ceasefire In Viet Nam , As Confused As Conflict In this season when the promo- tion of peace predominates the frustrating conflict in Viet Nam occupies the attention of much of the world. The suggestion last week of a Christmas ceasefire sparked hopes for peace, that once fighting was halted for even a short period that concrete steps would evolve to a permanent cessation of hostilities. Because the ceasefire has not proved as satisfactory as was antic- ipated does not mean hope can be abandoned. It illustrates again how highly complex the situation in Southeast Asia is. Nothing about it has fallen into clear-cut compart- ments. That a ceasefire would con- form with the procedure that might normally be considered standard would be surprising indeed. The war differs radically even from that fought in Korea. In the latter' conflict. organized armies were in combat to defeat each other and to gain territory. In Viet Nam the struggle is a series of confused guerrilla skirmishes between small groups living among the civilian population. No lines can be drawn for the comprehensive control of a ceasefire. Under such. circum- stances the wonder is that the at- tempt proved as successful as it did. And the same problem of com- plexity and confusion exists when any attempt at a settlement of the conflict on the field. Again, even in Korea, peace was considered through definite division of terri- tory. In South Viet Nam, it has: yet to be ascertained how such a divi- sion could ever be made or how the guerrilla warriors could be sorted out from the civilians. Settlement can only come at a conference table, probably far re- moved from the zone of: conflict. Tremendous pressure of opinion is building throughout the world for an attempt at a negotiated peace. The attempt at a ceasefire is surely an indication that this pressure is having an influence. Queén Eliza- beth, on her Christmas message, pinpointed the necessity faced. "We may never have peace com- pletely," she said, "but we will cer- tainly achieve nothing unless we go on trying to remove the causes of conflict between peoples and na- tions". Yardstick Of Affluency Prime Minister Pearson spoke,in his Christmas message of "how very fortunate" most Canadians were as the year 1965 drew to a close. A yardstick to the affluency of Canadians in material resources is provided in statistics compiled by the Dominion Bureau of Statis- ties. It is reflected particularly in "the rising proportion of homes 'equipped with electrical and other modern conveniences. Just under 70 per cent of all She Oshawa Times T. L, WILSON, Publisher R. © ROOKE, Generali Maneger C. J. MeCONECHY Editor The Oshawe Times comb! The Oshowa Times {established 1871) and the itby Gazette and ronicie established 1863) Is published daily indays and Statutory holidays excepted) pers of Car Daily Newsp Publish. @rs Association, The Canadian Press, Audit Bureau ef Circulation and the Ontario Provincial Dailies Associotion. The Cenedian Press is exclusively entitled to the use of republication of ail news despotched in the paper credited to ft or to The Associated Press or Reuters, and alse the local mews published therein, All rights of special dee potches ore also r 5 QOffices; Thomson Buillding, 425 University venus, Toronto, Onterio; 640 Cathcart Street, Montreal, P.Q. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Delivered by carriers in Oshawa, Whitby, Ajax, Pickering, Bowmanville, Brooklin, Port Perry, Prince Albert, Mopie Grove, Hampton, Frenchmon's Bay, Liverpoo!, Taunton, Tyrene, Dunborton, Enniskillen, Orone, Leskerd, Brougham, Burketon, Claremont, Manchester, Pontypool, and Newcastle not over S0c, per week. By mall in .Province of Ontario outside carrier delivery area, $15.00 per year, ir provinces and Commonwealth Countries, dh per yeor. U.S.A. end foreign $27.00 per grr ae households, up from 8&3 per cent or gas furnaces compared with 53 per cent in 1960, while the propor- tion with eletcric equipment has climbed from 56 to 69 per cent. There is now at least one tele- phone in 89 per cent of Canadian households, up from 83 per ecnt five years ago. Semi-automatic washing machines (mostly wringer- type) were to be found in 74 per cent of households in 1960; the pro- portion has since fallen to 63 per cent. In the same period, those with fully automatic washing machines have nearly doubled, going from 12 to 22 per cent. Some 96 per ecnt of households now have an electric refrigerator, an increase of six per cent over 1960. Home freezers are now to be found in 23 per cent, compared with 11 per cent five years earlier. And, of course, substantial in- crease has also been shown in the number of automobiles. In 1960, 59 per cent of the households had one, while another seven per cent had two, Today, 63 per cent are equip- ped with one car, while 2 per cent have two or more. While material possessions. offer no guarantee of happiness, most of us would nevertheless rather have them than not. 1g A CR RE QUEBEC EDITORS COMMENT OTTAWA REPORT Federal Scope Best In History By PATRICK NICHOLSON OTTAWA -- Prime Minister Pearson's appointment of new ministers and his creation of new ministries has increased the scope of his government to be the largest in our history. The world's only Million Dollar Cabinet will give Canada more governing than we have ever had before--to the chagrin of those who believe that the best government is the least govern- ment, As well as being Canada's most governing cabinet, it is proportionately already Can- ada's most changed cabinet. In two years and eight months, 36 individuals have been sworn into office. That is the exact num- ber of ministers appointed dur- ing the five years and 10 months of Diefenbaker rule. In contrast, our first administration, the 1867-1873 Liberal - Conservative cabinet of Sir John A. Macdon- ald, saw only 25 ministers sworn in, and they shuffled between 17 posts compared to today's 26 posts. Of the 36 Mearson ministers, two have been defeated in elec- tions, while eight--including six from Quebec--have resigned. CAUSED CHANGES At the polls last month; On- tario returned 51 Liberal. MPs, one less than in 1963, and 11 of these are ministers. Quebec re- turned 56 Liberal MPs, nine more than in 1963, but gained only one English-speaking min- ister without portfolio. Of the dozen senior ministers, Ontario holds the slots numbered 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 12, while Quebec fills only post number 8 There are understandably rumblings of discontent from la belle province; there are also whines from unpromoted MPs Mr. Pearson's reaction. to these was one of pained surprise. He felt that he had done the best he could with the material avail- able, and had apportioned the plums faNly in the light of the seniority and capability of the chosen ministers, He was con- soled by one of his senior col- leagues, who told him that no had made, there would have been criticism from outside Par- liament and éomplaints from his back-benches, This is one of the astonishing and not very admirable changes which have crept over our po- litical scene. In years past, a newly-elected MP Would pa- tiently serve his apprenticeship and learn to be a good partia- mentarian, This process took a number of years. For instance, a man with. the ability, the training and the fluent bilingual- ism of Paul Martin was elected to Parliament in October, 1935, but was not elevated to the cab- inet until 914 years later, Partly as a result of that experitnce, he has never committed any of the solecisms as a _ minister, such as have made newspaper headlines in the last two years. But mdny among the post- Diefenbaker crop of Liberal MPs seem to consfder that they have the right of instant appoint- ment to the cabinet. In fact, five of them sat on the cabinet benches on their first day in Parliament: two have since re- signed, one was defeated, while a fourth, Guy Favreau, has had to run a more intense gauntlet of criticism than any other min- ister in this accident-prone cab- inet. Many junior MPs have not merely encoufiged others to lobby on their behalh but with- out any sense of modesty or coy- ness they have blatantly de- manded their own promotion, This has shocked many of the senior parliamentarians And now the choices have been made, afitc® the most gra- tuitously advised cabinet shuffle I can recall. The Monday morn- ing quarterbacks are speculat- ing whether the administration in the second Pearson Parlia- ment will prove to be more stable than that in the first It should. The @d hands are that much more experienced; and the five newcomers to the cabinet include one former min- ister, Bob Winters, and the polished young John Turner who has sat in two parliaments, while two others, the respected and stable Agriculture Minister Joe Greene and the surprise appointment Postmaster Gen- eral Cote, have sat through one parliament. Commonwealth Confronted By Struggle For Survival LONDON (CP)--Torn by ra- cial strife and battered by re- bellion and bloodshed, the. Com- monwealth moves into the new year with its supporters unsure whether the bells sound a mes- sage of hope or a requiem for its repose. In the months ahead, the unique 22-country. association must still face a critical strug- gle for survival. Events in Asia and Africa during 1965 eroded much of the old spirit of. peace and co-operation, though expe- rience shows the Common- wealth has a quality of resili- ence and continuity not easily destroyed. Many diplomats agree that despite the widening chasm of differences separating old coun- from the new, there is good prospect that difficulties will be overcome. Some coun- tries which broke relations with each other may find reason to restore their links in 1966 The growing ineffectiveness of the Commonwealth became evident in 1965. even as the prime ministers and presidents gathered at their June confer- ence in London's ornate Marl- borough House. The conference agreed on a secretariat under tries Arnold Smith, a veteran Cana- dian diplomat. But a Common- wealth mission to seek an end to the Vietnamese war failed to get off the ground And no sooner had the con- ference ended when the two- year-old Malaysian. federation began to crack, with the stormy walkout by Singapore Aug. 9 Singapore resumed its inde- pendence and later gained admittance as the Common- wealth's 22nd. member More ominous was the bloody clash between India and Paki- stan over Kashmir Border skirmishes swelled into outright invasion by troops, tanks and planes. The war seemed every- where, urged on by China which supported Pakistan and period- ically penetrated Indian bor- ders. A truce was finally reached after more than a month of skirmishes and full war The thorny Kashmir -- issue remains unsettled,. an explos- ive problem for the Common- wealth and the United Nations. Both sides bear the warning, however, that vital economic aid from the wealthier countries may be jeopardized if fighting resumes, pet EE QUESTION OF JURISDICTION Lack Of Education, Chronic Poverty Linked This is a selection of edi- torials on current topics, translated from the French- language press of Canada Sherbrooke La Tribune--. Canada has gone to war against poverty. That's a noble crusade. . . . The bat- tle will be long and nothing indicates we will triumph over a scourge as old as the world Without. denying the exist- ence of poverty in Canada, we ask ourselves if the commit- tee that Ottawa has estab- lished to inquire into certain economically feeble groups at Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver and Saint John. N.B., did not exagerate a little On the purely human level, we hope £0 We are under sion .'. . that t, united front we are not con- ducting the battle which is required. Questions of govern- ment jurisdiction will come to sow discord in the ranks ' Jurisdictional agreements will have to be made. Perhaps And, having cleared the ground in this way, what will we be able to do that is really. practical in fighting poverty? the impres presenting a Lack of education is one of the principal factors that cause and. maintain chronic poverty. One easily becomes aware of this by pondering the fact that in Canada more than 1,000,000. persons can neither read nor write well enough to earn a eatisfactory living. They are easy prey for level «(Dec unemployment, in the city as a well as in the country. ... ple, th And, did not a 1963 inquiry ures in reveal that on the educational the youth of rural Que- bec was a generation behind that of all other province Without deluding ourselves ~--we don't helieve we 4 one day be able to make poverty the ce disappear from the surface fore al of the globe, not even jn Can- In p ada or in Quebec~--we will govern only succeed in correcting, in revenu lightening poverty by not re- {ts re treating before any sacrifice needed to educate our people, 14) events for a ¢ eral betwee practic enues distribu vide poor There bilities Ther Quebec Le Sotell--The con- stitution should be more ex- plicit about the rights of French - Canadian minorities. For example, in all provinces where one of the minorities, whether of French or Eng- lish tongue, makes up more than 15 per cent of the total population of the province, bi lingualism should be_ official (as it already is in Quebec and as it should be in New Brunswick). In the. other provinces, the. constitution alw would have to guarantee, on cial or all levels, the. teaching of b French to the French lan- SC guage minorities wherever their number is sufficiently great to justify such schools The question of tax sharing is fess simple to settle than that of education. In a fed- eral regime, no constitution ean define clearly and once and for al} the possible tax sqlite. The social conditions of Agreen talk govern feared magog thar ment setting rium, Qu There that o1 minori rights minori country certain fields, it can be more self by stitution problems between ys tempting for a provin- ame it evolve (for exam- e social security meas- 1 1867 were negligible, today they are extremely im- portant). In addition, certain such war justify, ertain time, higher fed- revenues Agreements n the provinces and ntral state will .there- ways be necessary. rinciple, each level of ment should have the e necessary to face up to sponsibilities. But, in as "al to cede these rev- to a central state which tes them so as to pro- equalization between in and rich provinces, are also joint responsi- The gress, which represents 1,200,- 008 members, recommends in a brief presented to the com- mission of inquiry on bilingual ism and biculturalism at Ot- tawa a certain number of steps to promote bilingualism in this Canadian Labor Con- country, In addition to federal and provincial encouragement of the use of the two languages throughout CLC is in favor of study of the second language at both the primary and secondary levels in all provinces, The CLC the Crown corporations all the top civil servants be bilingual. It the country, the recommends that federal service and recommends that federal civil deludes one- a con- efore one believing that will settle all the once and for all. nents resulting from will always be neces- two levels of ment. What must be in this field is the de- y of politicians. It is be federal government to administration's another govern- therefore risk up- federal equilib- 14), K on We the (Dec, ebec' L'Evenement-- to is Increasing agreement itside of Québec French ties must have the same as the Anglo-Canadian ty of Quebec. Jem commission chance to attain this objectivé. (Dec, 14) servants in bilingual regions be bilingual. It also suggests that in provinces where the minori- ties are important, Quebec and New official. It importance largest Canada lingualism certainly a sign of the times This brief French (which asks for federal protec- tion of .the ties) shows that the question of French minorities in other provinces remains an obstacle national Brunswick, bilingualism is not without to--note the union movement in recommends bi- this scale. It's that that on like that of the language teachers rights' of 'minori- unity. This prob- he solved short Laurendeau-Dunton gives us the must The AT wwe CANADA'S STORY a f Jog CABINET CALYPSO hI own Canada Park In Dieppe By BOB BOWMAN At the end of the beach at Dieppe, France there is a small park dedicated to Canada. It might be thought that it was to commemorate the raid on Dieppe in August, 1942, when. Canadians paid a heavy price in casualties. Actually, the "Canada Garden" was estab- lished years before the war, and commemorates the voyages to Canada of many of the French pioneers. Aymar de Chastes, governor of Dieppe, was a great help to Champlain when he decided to establish a colony in Canada. Chastes was a friend of King Henry IV, and persuaded him to give Champlain the necessary letters patent to represent France. When it was raise money, and that job was entrusted to Pierre Chauvin, a Dieppe sea captain, who had ex- plored the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1600, and established a small colony at the mouth of the Saguenay River. It was a fail- ure. Some of the men died, while others went native and joined the Indians King Henry put pressure on the merchants of Rouen and St. Malo to have them put up money to develop the fur trade, and colonize Canada: On De- cember 28, 1602 they were sum- moned to meet Chauvin, and enough money was made avail- western able-to-eyuip-two~s Chauvin died, but the expedi- tion set out in 1603, with one ship commanded by Pontgrave TODAY IN HISTORY By THE CANADIAN PRESS Dec. 28, 1965... The last ruling monarch of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III, died 18 years ago today --in 1947--in exile in Egypt! He had divested himself of all powers in 1944, after the Allies entered Rome, and abdicated in favor of his son, Humbert, three weeks before the population voted to end the monarchy. In the First World War, Victor Emmanuel proved a saga- cious and strong leader be- cause he did not interfere in 'the conduct of the war but lived the life of an ac- tive. soldier, However, this constitutional policy led him, after 1922, to ratify the Fascist decrees which con- tradicted his own oath to protect the people's free- doms 1065--Wesitminster Abbey was founded in London. 1869--Chewing gum was patented by Ohio inventor William Semple First. World War Fifty years ago today--in 1915--British Prime Minis- ter Asquith announced a universal compulsory mili- tary training bill; Russians began fierce attacks on Aus- trian units on the Dniester River and in Bessarabia Second World War Twenty-five years ago to- day--in 1940--the total of Italian prisoners taken by Gen, Wavell's units in Libya was announced as 38,114; an American news service calculated 1,000,000 people had died by war in 1940; Greek units seized high ground near Tepelini. necessary to and the other by Prevert. Cham- plain was made official obser- ver and historian. When the two ships got to Tadoussac, Champlain explored all the way to the Lachine Rapids in a canoe. The ships returned to France laden with furs, and Champlain wrote a book called '"'Des Sauvages". It was the beginning of his great work in Canada. OTHER EVENTS ON DEC, 28: 1720--British Lords of Trade pro- posed removal of Acadians sir 1835--British withdrew assent to boundary award of King of Netherlands 1857--Governor Douglas creed all mines. along Fraser and Thompson Rivers belonged to the Crown 1859--First Wester", Red River 1875--Union Navigation pany organized 1876--Province of Quebec cre- ated new Department of Education de- "Nor- at issue of first paper Com- Best Year Ever Recorded In Western Oil Industry By RON MacDONALD EDMONTON (CP) The western oil industry pushed far into northwestern Alberta for its most significant 1965 discov- ery--a_ reservoir inthe Rain- bow Lake area from which pro- duction likely will begin flowing to markets next April. Rainbow. Lake, 450. miles, northwest of Edmonton, was a focus of industry interest all year after Banff Oil Ltd, -of Calgary announced discovery of oil in February: The oil was found in a geo- logical formation known as the Winnipegosis-Keg River formas tion. The Rainbow dicovery prompted oil companies to drill into the Keg River formation at a number of points on the Prairies, particularly in Sask- atchewan. Cohpanies bid about $18,000,- 000 during the year for oil rights on crown lands in the Rainbow area. In October, Resources Minis- ter Laing said federal geolo- gists believe the discovery may indicate existence of the largest oil field in North America, a potential 7,000,000,000 barrels. At the end of 1964 the Cana- dian Petroleum Association es- timated recoverable oil re- serves at 6,178,000,000 barrels, basca oil sands in northeastern not counting the vast Atha- basca oil sands in northeastern Alberta. The Alberta government esti- mate of recoverable reserves in the oi! sands, from which pro- duction is to begin in 1967, is 300,000,000,000 barrels, one of the lagest reserves in the world. HAVE BE YEAR EVER The British Columbia, Al- berta and Saskatchewan gov- ernments look. on 1965 as the best year in history for their oil industries, with revenues and production running at rec- ord or near-record levels. In Manitoba, the industry is smal! in comparison with those of the other western provinces and it has not approached its record year of 1957. The general outlook for 1966 has only one significant cloud on the horizon--the possibility of a slower growth rate for Canadian oil exports to the United States A slowdown seemed indicated by Interior Secretary. Stewart Udall Canadian crude reports. to the U.S. now run about 317,000 barrels a day, up from 297,000 barrels a day in 1964. The early part of 1966, like late 1965, promises to be a time of heavy emphasis on ex- ploratory driling in nothern areas of Alberta and Saskatch- ewan In addition, there is growing interest in the continental shelf. Construction Of the first Cana- dian-built offshore drilling plat- form, a $9,000,000 structure for Shell Canada, is under way. The company plans to explore for oil under the Pacific Ocean. There were no significant changes in government regula- tions affecting the oil and gas industry in B.C., Alberta or Manitoba a new incentive pro- gram was put into effect to spur exploration. Companies drilling deeper exploratory wells are allowed to acquire oil rights on up td 75 per cent of the crown land they explore. Previously the limit was 50 per cent. The new program applies to the south- west quarter of Manitoba. Sev- eral significant oil discoveries were made in 1965 in south- western Manitoba within 18 miles of the U.S. border. In Manitoba and Saskatch- ewan, oil companies couldn't produce enough oil in 1965 to meet the demand. In contrast, demand for Alberta oil was only about half the production capacity of the province's wells A. C,° Cameron, Saskatch- ewan's resources minister, and Jim MacNicol, manager of the Saskatchewan office of the Ca- nadian Petroleum Association, Said the province will be unable to meet demands again in 1966. eae --remewcremoneennineenceerrsmemnrn -- VILENS PARK |... Down on the Islands ih the Sun Repairing the cabinet was some fun Our financial future isin Sharp hands. While Winters plans trade with foreign lands Nowd.SGreene is the ' farmer's friend nd Postal problems are Coté's to mend. Adding Marchand and Turner before ] wasdone 1 finished mycabinet gown in the Sun New Survey Of Crime Progress By DON O'HEARN TORONTO--Progress often is slow around here, but eventu- ally it comes. Thus there is a welcoine an- nouncement from Attorney-Gen- eral Arthur Wishart. The an- nouncement is that a regular monthly survey ofcrime and the administration of justice in the province is to be started. This brings back vivid memo- ries of the hearings a few years ago of the Roach commission on crime Kelso Roberts, then attorney- general, 'vas asked by Mr. Jus- tice Roach a qustion on. the incidence of crime before th courts, or something along this line And the judge put on an ex- pression that will be long re- membered when Mr. Rober's told him that he and his depart- ment didn't have any figures He was aghast. He couldn't conceive tht .in this modern day the government didn't col- lect statistics on crime and on the administration of the courts, MAY MEAN UNIFORMITY One product of this new step definitely should be more uni- form justice across the prov- ince, As of now there is a great dis- parity in administration of jus- tice and in sentencing in vari- ous jurisdictions. In some areas, for instance, where there is an automobile offence involving drinking, three or four different charges will be laid--perhaps dangerous, im- paired and careless driving and failing to yield. In others only one or two will be pursued. With sentencing in some areas on certain charges there will be a fine on first offence. With other jurisdictions, or in some cases merely with certain mag- istrates, there will be automatic jail sentences, FEARS ACCUSATIONS The government always has to be fearful of being accused of interfering with the courts, And so it has done little to try and enourage. uniformity in administration and sentencing. In fact this fear of being charged with interference is probably one of the main rea- sons why it has never even col- lected statistics from the courts. The surveys being undertaker could be an important move to- wards correcting tise differ- ences, After all if we are to have common justice the practices of justices' should be common te the courts of the province. And the mere fact that now there is to be a regular com- pilation, a report' from which comparisons can be made, should tend to set a pattern of uniformity. If it does it will be a step forward, YEARS AGO 20 YEARS AGO Dec. 28, 1945 Marking the first peacetime Christmas in six years, large congregations attended special services in the city churches. Paul G. Purves resigned as clerk of East Whitby Township after 24 vears' service. He suc- ceeded his 'father, William Purves who held the post for 40 years 35 YEARS AGO Dec. 28, 1930 Oshawa Branch 43, Canadian Legion, held Christmas Day Open House for 100 homeless and single unemployed men. Bert Johnston, magician, and the Welsh Male Choir provided the entertainment. The Christ- mas Cheer Fund provided for 800 needy families. Pedestrians Pedestrian BOND ST, EAST KING ST. EAST In Operation In The Following Locations: -- SIMCOE ST. NORTH...at ROBERT STREET ADELAIDE AVE. WEST... ...,at DIVISION STREET WILSON RD. SOUTH... .. RITSON RD. NORTH oF WILLIAM ST. EAST PEDESTRIANS -- Point your way to safety when using the Crosswalks. MOTORISTS -- Use care and éourtesy when approaching a Crosswalk, @ SAFETY IS. EVERYBODY'S BUSINESS e@ & Motorists Crosswalks ot GOLF STREET ot DIVISION STREET at TAYLOR AVE. Ald. J. G. Brady Troftic Committee City Couneil, ona tac Rieti hs eae RD NT Ra i