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Publishdd by Canadian Newspapers Limited 86 King St. E., Oshawa, Ontario T. L. Wilson, Publisher THURSDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1965 -- PAGE 4 i Reason For Optimism But Also For Caution The Hon. Mitchell Sharp turns over the trade and commerce port- folio to Robert Winters with a suc- cessful and optimistic note. In his year-end review as trade minister, the new finance chief has reported Canada's economy is, on the whole, encouraging. His forecast for 1966 is that the great post-war boom will continue into its 21st year. In 1965, Canada, in common with the United States enjoyed a greater boom than did the rest of the world. Gross National Product was slight- ly lower than in 1964 but still ran to six per cént when the effects of higher prices are removed. All maj- or regions benefited. With total employment up, unemployment fell below four per cent, Mr. Sharp sees no reason why the boom should not continue in 1966. Yet he also sees "'less slack presently available in the economy". Our resources are beginning to be strained. As the Vancouver Sun points out, this means manpower and finance capital must be kept up in sufficient volume to exploit nat- ural resources so that we may meet rising demand. If this is not done, sails must be trimmed in other ways. This, in turn, bares the meaning of the new federal policy and wide administrative changes which have been announced by the Prime Min- ister. The departments to focus at- tention specifically on manpower and resources have a definite pur- pose in the Canadian future. Mr. Sharp has also noted that after steadily improving our bal- ance of payments position in recent years, we have again encountered a larger external trade deficit, He has indicated that this is one of the consequences of our sustained pros- perity. It represents something of a national tradition Canada spends more abroad the faster the country grows. In this respect, Mr. Sharp has warned we must increase productiv- ity at home and sell more abroad to pay our way. We have to work to maintain the high standard of liv- ing our nation enjoys. Newsmakers Chosen For the peace of mind of Cana- dians contemplating the events of the year drawing to a close it is necessary to distinguish carefully between the designations of "Man- -In-The-News" in 1965 and "Man- Of-The Year". The former, Lucien Rivard may be, the latter he cer- tainly isn't ! The convicted Montreal dope smuggler has been chosen by news editors of Canadian dailies and ra- dio and television stations as the top newsrnaker of the The Rivard jail-break, his recapture, his trial and accompanying political touches undoubtedly made head- lines, His adventures were worth front page in reader interest. In She Oshawa Times T. L, WILSON, Publisher R. C. ROOKE, Genercl Maneger C. J. MeCONECHY Editor The Oshawa Times combining The Oshawa Times {established 1871) and the itby Gazette ond Chronicle established 1863) is published daily Sundays end Statutory holidays excepted). Members of Canadian Daily Newspaper Publish- ers Association. The Canadian Press, Audit Bureau of Circulation and the Ontario Provincial Dailies Association. The Canadion Press is exclusively entitied to the use of republication of all news despatched in the paper credited to ft or to The Associated Press or Reuters, and qiso the toca mews published therein. All rights of special dee potches are also reserved. Offices; Thomson " Bullding, 425° Univers: Avenue, Toronto, Ontario; 640 Cathcart Street, Montreal, P.O. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Delivered by carriers in Oshawa, Whitby, Ajax, Pickering, Bowmanville, Brooklin, Port Perry, Prince Albert, Maple Grove, Hampton, Frenchman's Bay, Liverpool, Taunton, Tyrone, Dunbarton. Enniskillen, Orono, Leskord, Brougham, Burketon, Claremont, Manchester, Pontypool, ond Newcastle not over 50c, per week. By mail in Province of Ontario outside carrier delivery area, $15.00 per yeor. Other provinces and Commonwealth Countries, $18.00 per year. U.S.A. and foreign $27.00 per year, year. the field of "instant news" for Can- ada, Rivard was a key figure. Yet a newsmaker of more subtle and possibly lasting significance emerged in another field entirely of public life. If the term "news- maker" was to mean a-man whose decisions precipitated major turns in events in Canada, that man could well be the former finance minister, Walter Gordon. It was largely through his in- fluence that Canadians experienced yet another federal election this year. And, as many see it today, his resingation after the election opens the way for a return to tradi- tional Liberalism in federal affairs, He was indeed a "newsmaker" in 1965. Of course, it remained the role of Prime Minister Pearson to auth- orize the actions, in whatever field of national affairs they arose, by virtue of his position througout the year. He and his resurgent politi- cal opponent, John Diefenbaker, while they placed second and third to Rivard in the poll, actually held the hard news limelight. It is well that such polls are con- sidered interesting year-end interludes rather than as accolades or-indication-ofasting- significance, Actually, it if much more in keeping with the spirit of the sea- son when the polls make possible recognition of persons such as Ma- dam Vanier who has been chosen Canadian Woman of the Year. Her good works and graciousness merit such a nod of appreciation. as OTTAWA REPORT Tuan ci) Four-Fifths By PATRICK NICHOLSON OTTAWA -- If Junior found a shiny new silver dollar in his Christmas. stocking, he should not melt it down for the silver. Our dollar today is no longer, as it was in our fathers' days, fashioned from, sterling silver, which is by definition at least 92.5 per cent pure silver. Today our dollar, like our other' silver coins the half-dollar, the two bits and the dime, is made of an alloy of four parts silver to one part copper. The copper content of a sil- ver dollar is insignificant, but the silver is worth about 84 cents only. Any bank will give Junior 100 cents for his silver dollar, and if he keeps it care- fully may become _ worth more than that to coin-collec- tors in future years. MAKES PROFIT I recently commented in this column that Canada's Royal Mint makes money out of mak- ing money. Fashioning silver and copper and tin and zine and nickel into the coins which we use every day, it sells those coins to the Bank of Canada for their face value. And that value is in every case higher than the cost of the metal con- tained in the coin, plus the cost of manufacturing it. Numismatics, the collection and study of coins and medals, is the fastest-growing hobby in many countries today. Most collectors don't worry about medals, but in coins they are collecting articles which are far more durable and have a more realistic intrinsic valle than, for example, postage stamps. It was no doubt because of the great new interest in coins that some readers have written to ask for more details on my re- mark that our mint sells coins at a profit. Our silver dollar weighs three-quarters of a Troy ounce-- which is not the same as the avoirdupois ounce which we normally use in our daily life-- buying candy or measuring its effect on our weight, for exam- ple One pound Troy weight, which is the measure of weight nor- mally used for precious metals and precious stones, consists of Si allan We NiLVCL SFULIGS LTUW Ptr Silver 5,760 grains and is divided into 12 ounces; our avoirdupois pound, as I am sure all my readers remember from their schooldays, consists of 7,000 grains. This makes the Troy ounce slightly heavier than our normal ounce, so don't use sil- ver dollars to weigh airmail _ letters if you want to know how many stamps to use. NOT ALL SILVER Our silver dollar then weighs three quarters of a Troy ounce. It is four-fifths silver and one- fifth copper. So it contains six- tenths of an ounce of silver, to- day worth about $1.39 per ounce (Troy). It also contains three- twentieths of an ounce of cop- per, which costs on the market about 40 cents per pound. The metal. in the dollar is worth about 84 cents, and as our other silver. coins are exactly proportionate in weight to their value, we see that a half dollar contains metals worth about 42 cents, the quarter-dollar con- tains metals worth about 21 cents, and the dime's intrinsic worth is about 8.4 cents. Manufacturing costs are not in proportion. It costs 2.36 cents to make the average dollar, 1.26 cents to make a half-dollar, 0.78 cents to make a quarter, and 0.35 cents to make a dime--at present wage rates for metal- workers. : Our one cent piece contains 98 per cent copper and the bal- ance is zinc and tin, together worth 0.29 cents, and it costs 0.27 cents to make. PURE NICKEL Our nickel, made of pure nickel, is proportionately our costliest coin to make. The mint buys the twelve sided blanks of pure nickel from Sher- ritt-Gordon Mines for 1.75 cents each, This includes 0.9 cents for the pure nickel, and the balance for the processing. It then costs the mint a further 0.16 cents to stamp the design on the metal blank, making the finished cost of each nickel 1.91 cents. From these figures, the ama- teur numismatist can calculate how much profit our mint makes on each denomination of coin, and why it is a losing proposi- tion to melt them down at home. Multitude Of Projects On Centennial Agenda By GERARD McNEIL OTTAWA (CP)--As 1965 ends, a fantastic structure of federal, provincial, municipal and pri- vate centennial projects is swimming into dizzying focus. Ideas for the anniversary of Confederation in 1967 include eternal flames that last one week, a 67-mile-an-hour speed limit in Alberta, the sealing of Yukon peaks, and TV jingles to imprint it all on the national brain The multitude of have elan, panache, brio are uproarious, stirring nary or just funny. Sponsoring or supporting most of them is the federal centennial commission, an agency pit-deep in red tape for the last two years. Every move by its 150 employees has required federal and provincial approval first. Somehow it has managed to involve. almost every Canadian community in some kind of cen- tennial project. St. Paul, Alta. (population 3,000) has 30 Most provinces have strong support. This," commissioner John Fisher triumphantiy, 'is one federal-provincial program from which no one is opting out." projects They ordi- shown Ssavs SHOWDOWN WITH CHINA... Federal and provincial gov- ernments have approved 1,100 "municipal projects of lasting value," with more to come. These range from a two-sheet curling rink at Falkland, B.C., to a $220,000 centre to bring cul- ture to the Magdalen Islands. CATCHES UP Quebec says it would have taken 25 years to do alone what this program will achieve in one. The Centennial commission's youth travel program also is popular. For two summers, now thousands of teen-agers have gone in groups to distant parts of their country. In the effort to form a Cana- dian identity, this is considered the most effective program. It will be enlarged in 1966 to the point. where rail facilities are strained. Many other programs won't go into effect until 1967 but they got off the planning boards this year and will. be in the final stages in 1966. The federal agency has com- missioned a number of. plays, festivals, spectaculars and orig- inal works in the performing arts. It has five authors blend- ing their talents to produce one Centennial play. TT Tt . .. PERIODIC FLU RRIES FOR PEACE Three Faces Of Increasingly Sombre War By ARCH MacKENZIE WASHINGTON (CP)--In 1950 the United States . announced economic and military aid for far, doomed hopes that peace negotiations could be speeded by an awesome taste of Amer- ican military might. In the coun- ing West issues China and Soviet prospects of accord on as nuclear Russia, ehill- role more East- such crucial spread and regi 14,000,000 of refugees, swelled in the country of people, "the military me was stable The number testifying to the France's tottering Southeast Asian colony of Indochina and it dncluded 35 equipment "advis- rs As 1965 began 15 years later, there were 23,000 American military advisers in South Viet Nam, a creation of the 1954 Ge- neva agreement But as 1965 ended, the unde- clared war had rocketed to- ward a possible commitment of 400,000 fighting men and an in- dicated price tag for 1966 of $10,000,000 000 All roads to peace seemed blocked despite periodic flurries from a great variety of inter- national 'initiatives No end was visible for a con- flict, which in' the most basic American view was a show- down with the rising power of China President the collapse of the South, which it did by September, but North Viet Nam, meeting rising force with force, expanded its own di- rect aid to the Viet Cong insur- gents, hunted by high flying B-52 jet bombers, heavy artil- lery and mobile squads of U.S. troops Its resistance, de spite almost continuous attack by America air power-on selected targets 20 i tryside where the war must be won, the Viet Cong still con- trolled more than 50 per cent of the area. The war had three each increasingly sombre. 1. Militarily, the U.S. virtu- ally alone was committed in Steaming jungles and rice pad- dies to a conflict potentially big- ger and longer than Korea, where American casualties to- talled 157,530. Nearly 200,000 American troops were in South Viet Nam by Dec, 20. There were firm reports of American intent under certain conditions to extend the fight- ing into neighboring Laos and Cambodia in an effort to reduce North Vietnamese reinforce- ments Air strikes crept closer to the key northern civilian targets of Hanoi and the port of Haiphong, still sanctuaries, American bat- tle fatalities since Jan. 1, 1961, totalling 255 at the start of the year, had reached 1,496 by Dec. 13, swollen by sharp and bloody hand-to-hand fighting. The re- action of China, the great ques- tion mark, remained cautious, if shrill 2. Diplomatica impact as global ts. 9 the faces, Viet Nam's obsessing deepening ideological rift between even distorting relations within the Atlantic alliance. It added to the frustrations of the United Nations. 3. Domestically, it posed se- rious political, economic and so- cial trouble for President John- son. The war seemed the key topic for the Republicans in next November's congressional elections. The heady climate of progress created by the Great Society legislation of 1965 was threatened by spending cuts--to finance the war and curb infla- tion -- and perhaps a tax in- crease : Increasingly, as newspape reflected in , television and radio coverage and the signals from the government, Americans be- came much more aware of Viet Nam's price. But if there was growing concern, President Johnson held decided. public support for his policy and the calls for a pullout or a nego- tiated peace at some price were voiced only by a small minor- ity ae There were well - publicized burnings of draft cards and a few citizens themselves on fire In protest over the war, but the enlist. set voluntary ments testified to the more dom- inant American mood In Viet Naim liseli, as the U.o rise in harsher air attacks and land en- counters, crept toward 1,000,000 and the U.S. struggled to im- plement some fundamental eco- nomic and agricultural benefits on which any free and inde- pendent South Viet Nam must develop. Peace efforts -- by 17 non « aligned nations, by a five-na- tion Commonwealth delegation, by the UN and by diverse other initiatives--had foundered on a grim reality at the root of the whole war. North Viet Nam, goaded by an adamant and belligerent China, apparently regarded as the only basis for peace a four- point program spelling eventual Communist control of the South. The U.S., while espousing "un- conditional discussions," was dedicated to keeping South Viet Nam non-Communist, for years if necessary The. growth of the war Steady during the year: Feh, North was 7--Steady bombing of Viet Nam begins as "peace persuader," retaliating for Viet Cong strike at Amer- ican camp Tnhweney Avril 2 -- President gauuounces troup expansion. Bits e CANADA'S STORY ARC DE TRIOMPHE Widow Aided Indians By BOB BOWMAN There was an unhappy end to the year 1650 at Quebec. The Ursuline convent. burned down on the night of December 30. It had only been opened a few years before and wonderful work was being done teaching Indian children. The founder of the convent was Madame de la Peltrie, who came to Quebec in 1639. A beau- tiful woman, she became a widow when. she. was only twenty-two. ' Although 'she' had been happy with her husband, she did not. want to marry again. Her family kept intro- ducing her to possible husbands, and put so much pressure on her to remarry, that she made a deal with the royal treasurer at Caen to pretend that they were married. When the trick was discovered there was a family row that led to a lawsuit which Madame de la Peltrie won, She decided then to get out of France, and sailed for Que- bec with the Ursulines. The spartan life they led was described in one of these stories recently. It might be added that merit TODAY IN HISTORY By THE CANADIAN PRESS Dec. 36, 1965... Duke Richard of York was ambushed and killed 505 years ago today--in 1460 --while marching with troops to expel the French- born Queen. Margaret from England. His son Edward took up the leadership of the Yorkist cause and ex- pelled King Henry VI and the Lancastrians, seizing the crown for himself as Edward IV and thus end- ing the first phase of the Wars of the Roses. By the time a third force, the Tu- dors, overthrew the Yorkist Richard Iif in 1487, most of the medieval nobility of Iengland had been exiled or killed in battle. 1853 -- The U.S. bought 45,535 square miles of Mex- ican land for $15,000,000 in the Gadeden Purchase. 1903--588 people died in a fire at the Iroquois Theatre, Chicago First World War Fifty years ago today--in 1915--the British liner Per- sia was torpedoed near Crefe with the loss of more than 300 lives; HMS Natal accidentally blew up in har- bor; Austrian aircraft bombed the Anglo-French base at Salonika, Greece. Second World War Twenty-five years ago to- day--in 1940--there was no air action overt the Channel; the RAF raided Libyan air bases behind the front at Bardia; Italian units coun- ter-attacked in Albania, BIBLE For they all saw him, and were troubled. And immediately he talked with them and said unto them, Be of good cheer: it is I; be not afraid. -- Mark 6:50. The Lord is always. near to them that call upon His name. have good, cheer even io tue susdst of fear and trouble. Wr nay ? their living quarters consisted of two small rooms that weren't weatherproof. Rain would leak through the roof and put out the candles. Yet they converted their rooms into a school, and in order to make room for eight pupils in the daytime, they ar- ranged to have their beds fold up against the wall, like folding beds in use today. When the newly built convent caught fire on the bitterly cold night of December 30, Madame de la Peltrie rushed out in her bare feet to help in whatever way she could. © OTHER EVENTS ON DEC. 30: 1813--British raided Black Rock and Buffalo, New York 1824--Fire destroyed Parlia- ment Buildings, Toronto 1857--Railway opened Port Hope to Lindsay, Ontario 1861--69th Wiltshire Regiment landed at St. Andrew's, N.B. 1869--Stephen Leacock born at Swanmoor, England 1870--First provincial election in Manitoba 1912---First train with 20 cars of wheat from the west used railway from Cochrane to North Bay, Ontario. Rhodesian Break Poses Fateful Consequences By JOSEPH MacSWEEN LONDON (CP)--A determined and comparatively tiny colony of whites in a sea of blacks in 1965 brought to a head the Rho- desian struggle--a struggle that could have fateful cons: quences for Africa in 1966. One view of the situation as the old vear comes to a close shows Rhodesia, with South Af- rica at its back and flanked by Portuguese - ruled terrifories, figuratively standing: off the forces of African nationalism at the Zambezi River. This picture inflames African countries thousands of miles from Rhodesia with the resolve to humble the defiant regime of Ian Smith or to prevail on Brit- ain to do so In their eyes, Smith and his followers arrogantly blocked, at the Zambezi the black-national- ism march that began in Ghana ini957 and saw one country after another gain independence from its European masters un- der the principle of majority rule, : Just as infuriating to the Afri- can leaders, Britain recoiled from the use of force when Smith seized independence Nov. 11 although London frequently smashed black and brown rebels in the past. Britain had one attitude to- ward blacks but another toward its "kith and kin" in Africa, Africans charged. WHITES WON'T YIELD This was an accusation par- ticularly tough on the Labor government of Prime. Minister Wilson, who came to power with the pledge of greater Common- wealth co - operation and the claim that socialists understood better than Conservatives the aspirations of the non - white races. Wilson collided with the brutal fact that in Rhodesia the white man, even though outnumbered 4,000,000 to 200,000 was not pre- pared to give ground. To Smith and his colleagues, the Zambezi is not just the bor- der between Rhodesia and Zam- bia but a moat between civiliza- tion and varying degrees of savagery to the north. Rhodesia's rightist lead- ers have been drawing steadily closer to South Africa and to the Portuguese authorities who rule Mozambique and Angola, which together comprise the greatest colonial empire remaining in the world today. Portugal has 100,- 000 soldiers in the two terri- tories , the Rhodesian capi- f=" buildings but is compared with a Salisbur tal, has frequently QUEEN'S PARK now tings With Studs Cause Stir By DON O'HEARN TORONTO--One of those in- numerable small problems that continually crop up here Is the current controversy about stud- ded snow tires. As you probably know these tires--which have 1-16-inch studs of tungsten carbide on their surface--are being widely sold and advertised this winter. Authorities here say they are illegal because they could dam- age the surface of the highway. But many others including, one would gather from a state- ment it put out, the Ontario Safety League say any damage they could do would not be im- portant. And everyone agrees they are a better tire for winter driving conditions, One report says they increase traction on ice about 40 per cent and on packed snow about 9 per cent, But a section of the Highway Traffic Act says you can't have anything on your tires which could damage the highways. And under this section it has been decreed here that the tires are illegal. DON'T ENFORCE A contradictory factor, how- ever, is that there is no en- forcement against the illegality, if it exists. The government has no au- thority over sale of the tires. It has no power to stop this, And it isn't sure it could get a con- viction if it took car owners into court. The question of what com- prises damage is as much at issue as anything else. Highways engineers have said that on a very sudden stop where the wheels lock, cars equipped with studs can make impressions up to 1-16th of an inch deep in the road surface. But other authorities say this is insignificant. DECIDE IN WEST It appears, however, the ques- tion probably will be decided in Manitoba. A Winnipeg dealer has arranged a test in court by having the government prose- cute him. If he is convicted the situation here might change. Instructions probably would go out to police to place charges against users of the tires. Even if he is acquitted the government probably could in- troduce new legislation which would bar use of the tires. In any event it would seem likely motorists will be safe in using the tires this winter at least. country town, while Smith, in terms of the electorate that put him into power, can be com- pared with the mayor of a me- dium-size Canadian city, rather than a national leader. WON EARLY SELF-RULE Yet Rhodesia's unilateral dec- laration of independence was also compared with the United States breakaway from Britain, In many ways, Rhodesia can indeed claim to be a law unto itself. Founded by empire- builder Cecil Rhodes only 75 years ago, if has enjoyed in- ternal self-rule since 1923 and built up its own imposing mili- tary force, one of the best in Africa. It was the only colony to which Britain allowed such latitude. Smith, 46, maintains that Brit- ain offered Rhodesia independ- ence at least three times during its short history and thus the November declaration could be defended on constitutional grounds, "We are satisfied that every day we delay this is a disserv- ice to our country," he said in an interview before the now- famed UDI. "Everybody is wait- ing for the finalization of this question before they get on with the development of the country, before they invest their money in the country." DOMINATED FEDERATION The background for Rhode- sia's action svas to be found not in 1965 but at the end of 1963 when the Central African Fed- eration died after 10 years of uneasy life. Salisbury was the dominant ree-in the federation linking Southern Rhodesia, now simply Rhodesia, with Northern Rhode- sia and Nyasaland, now inde- pendent Zambia and Malawi re- spectively. The link-up, officially termed a great experiment in racial partnership, was described more vividly by one Rhodesian politician as the sort of partner- ship -that-exists-between a rider and his horse--with Rhodesia being the saddle partner. The federation break-up saw the attitudes of whites harden. This was accentuated by racial disasters in The Congo and else- where, Rhodesian leaders who favored real steps toward a multi-racial state fell one by one. In a general élection in May of this year, Smith's Rhodesian front eliminated all white oppo- sition from the Jegislative as- sembly. The stage was set for UDI. 4 YEARS AGO 15 YEARS AGO Dec. 30, 1950 Albert W. Jackson, reeve of Whitby for several years, was elected the town's mayor by ac- clamation. Fred T. Rowe, warden of On- tario County and deputy reeve of Whitby for several years, was elected reeve of the town by acclamation, 30 YEARS AGO Dec, 30, 1935 George L. Roberts, vice-prin- cipal of the Oshawa Collegiate arid Vocational Institute, was elected president of the Ontario Secondary School Teachers' Federation. Two extra buses were put into service on the Oshawa Railway Company's routes, bringing the total to six, operating in the city for the year. POINTED PARAGRAPHS Air travel is so rapid now that you can fly to some place and return in so short a time that you might as well sta home. Some women (but only a few, alas!) will go to almost any length to avoid having too much breadth. i A person will follow the ad- vice only of those he believes are smarter than he. That's why so little advice is followed. Those who'mind their p's and q's... Rarely get into the news. OLD WORLD TRADITION LONDON CREAM LONOOK WINERY UMGITER LONDON © ONTARI®