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cose Peete teed tame <a, ~ OTTAWA REPORT | She Oshawa Times Speech By Hees Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited 86 King St. E., Oshawo, Untario wT 8 fAMt.. ts hw 7 MONDAY, APRIL 4 1966 -- PAGE 4 Insecticides Necessary But So Are Full Controls When the late Rachel Carson wrote her controversial 'Silent Spring' she scared the pants off a lot of people. Her array of facts and their elaboration almost turned the world back to the potato bug, the tomato and cabbage cater- pillars, the corn borer and those worms in the middle of apples. Pesticides, in Miss Carson's book, were in a fair way to being the death of us all. Already the birds were not singing due to lethal doses of bug-killer they ingested with the bugs. Use of pesticides has increased rather than diminished since the authoress tolled mankind's knell as the poisoned living mourned their poisoned dead. Anyone who has been putting out feed for the birds must realize that the spring will not be silent if our winged neighbors survive another winter of ovetfeeding. A. B. Swackhammer of the tech- nical advisory unit, food and drugs directorate of the National Health and Welfare Department, admits Little encouraging has been pro- duced in recent months about efforts to contribute to a decent future for emerging nations of Africa, Asia and elsewhere. Few of them give signs of achieving enough of stability or economic progress to inspire automatic con- fidence that aid and development programs, such as those supported in part by Canada, are capable of producing anything approaching the sort of results sought through them. Against this background, The Welland Tribune notes that the United Nations Association in 'anada, has performed a valuable "wervice by publishing a new policy ~ paper under the title of: The Dilem- mas of Development. It presents one of the clearest and most read- able statements yet to appear of The Oshawa Times T, L. WILSON, Publisher fC, PRINCE, General Manager ¢. J. MeCONECHY, Editor The Oshawa Times combining The Oshawa Times \established 1871) and the Whitby Set and chronicle (established 1863) t {Sundoys and Statutary holidays ex Members of Canddian Daily Newspaper Publish- trs Association, The Canadian Press, Audit Bureau ot Circulation and the Ontario Provincial Dailies Association, The Canadian Press is exclusively entitled to the use of republication of all news despatched in the paper credited to it or to The Associated Press or R , and also the local news published th | rights of special des- batches are also re Offices. Thomsc Avenue, Toronto, Montreal, P.O SUSCRIPTION RATES Delivered by « *ickering, Bowm Albert, Map! University Bu E Ont 'ario 610 Chinears Street, Tievhaster Pontypo and Newcastle r SOc per week. By mail in Province of tara outside corrier delivery area, $15.00 per year Other provinces and Commonwealth Countries, $18.00 per year. U.S.A. and foreign $27.00 per year, Pree SPECTACULAR JOB... there is some merit in the alarm expressed by Miss Carson. Insecti- cide contamination has now risen to a level sufficient to kill some wildlife. It is possible, or even prob- able, the time. will come when men will be in imminent danger of similar destruction. No one in their right mind will deny the soundness of what Miss Carson and Mr. Swackhammer say, as The Sarnia Observer says, It is logical to assume that if we eat enough poison we will be poisoned. This does not mean that insecti- cides are necessarily poisonous in themselves, Their danger lies in their misuse by careless and in- competent people who cannot or will not read the simple instruc- tions on the box or can or con- tainer. Insecticides are as necessary for control of pests as automobiles are in the modern world. But both do and can do, serious harm when they are handled by reckless and incompetent men. 'Development Dilemma the needs that exist -- why they should and must be met -- what mistakes have been made in tack- ling them in the past and what hopes now are held of correcting them. It brings together the views of more than a dozen eminent contri- butors in a way that hardly can fail to build into a constructive pattern of thought for any _ interested reader. One of its achievements is to put into permanent form, as its title article, an address to the Society for International Development, by Barbara Ward (Lady Jackson), former foreign editor of The Econo- mist (London) and a 'leader of world opinion in her fields of spe- cialty. There could be no more per- suasive advocate of looking upon development plans abroad, "not as some trivial play-by-play of state policy, but as a central occupation of the family of man", As for disappointments to date, it is her estimate that "you prob- ably don't get a developed economy (in a new nation) in less than 40 years." And her answer to those who advocate tackling problems of backward lands with "crash pro- grams" consists of quoting a speaker who "concluded that a crash program is like a man having an affair with nine ladies in hope of getting a baby in one month". Every world in the Barbara Ward article -- every word in the new publication by the United Nations Association in Cay a deserves and will reward careful reading by all who are concerned with "dilem- mas of development", Draws Praise By PATRICK NICKOLSON OTTAWA--George Hees, who achieved well-earned praise as minister of trade and com- merce before resigning from the Diefenbaker government, is unostentatiously but surely re- climbing the politica! ladder. Last week he made news through an idea-laden speech to the Young Conservatives at London's Western Fair Grounds; and he won a de- served pat on the back from those who read Finance Minis- ter Mitchell Sharp's budget pa- pers with a discerning eye. Our dangerously high and mounting deficit on interna- tional payments is the gravest warning flag in our national economic picture. In 1956, the last full year of the St. Laurent Liberal government, this had risen to over $1,330,000,000. Of this, just over hali svas the de- ficit on merchandise trade. The remainder was the deficit on non - merchandise transactions, which consist of export of gold --always a plus item for Can- ada; travel expenditures, which fluctuate wildly; interest and dividends, a fast mounting minus item; freight and ship- ping, a diminishing minus item, etc. EXPORT DRIVES SUCCESS As minister of trade and com- merce,George Hees could in- fluence the balance on mer- chandise trade,and he swung this in Canada's favor by his imaginative,energetic and un- precedented export drives. In 1956' our imports exceeded our exportsby $728,000,000; in 1962, the last full year of the Con- servative government this situ- ation had been corrected so that our exports exceeded our im- ports by $177,009,000; the mo- mentum of the Ifees export drives was such that in 1963 this favorable balancé rose to $503,- 000,000. But by 1965, it had dropped back, We had had no colorful Hees-type promotion of Cana- dian products in foreign mar- kets for two years, and we had a favorable trade balance of only $101,000,000. Meanwhile our liability to pay interest and dividends on the rising foreign--mostiy Uniiea States--investments in Canada had raised our deficit on non- merchandise payments to a rec- ord $1,237,000,000. So our net deficit on international' pay- ments was up to $1,136,000,000, nearly back to the sorry and insupportable 1956 figure. Speaking in London, George Hees glossed modestly over the success of his export drive when urging the Pearson gov- ernment to cut taxes and to loosen its tight-money policy. Early in 1956, Mr. Hees said, Dr. 0. J. Firestone, the gov- ernment's econo mic adviser, told the Liberal government that if it persisted in the tight- money policy it. had imposed in the latter part of 1956, a reces- sion would assuredly follow. But the government intended to call a general election in April, and disregarded this advice. The result was that when the Con- servative government took of- fice at the end of June, a reces- sion was well launched, and it took several years of hard work to pull the country out of it, he said. Here of course, Mr. Hees was referring to the famous 'hidden report." Now, added our former trade minister, Dr. Firestone has again warned the government. "Its objective should not be to cut off prosperity, but to pro- long it," he says; and his pre- scription is an adequate money supply, reasonable credit terms and lower taxes. In his budget papers, Finance Minisjer Mitchell Sharp gives credit-to the achievements of George Hees and the Diefen- baker government. The 1965 ad- vance in output, he says, was a continuation of the expansion which began under Mr. Diefen- baker in 1961, and which has become the longest in Canadian history. Thus Sharp contradicts Liberal politician-historian Jack Pickersgill and the other Lib- eral "gloom and doom boys" who cry "Tory times are hard times." He admits that the re- cession, started by the Liberals in 1956-57, was corrected by Conservative policies which as early as 1961 had started our present boom. Indonesia Is The Scene Of Sweeping Changes By STANLEY M. SWINTON JAKARTA, (AP)--The wind of fundamental change apparently is sweeping across Indonesia. President Sukarno dfficially remains chief of state, but army Lt.-Gen. Suharto and his mili- tary allies hold the real power. The best-informed sources in this hot and humid capital be- lieve the new leaders are far more than a military junta. They expect Suharto and _ his colleagues to install a primarily civilian government with power- ful military backing behind the scenes. Internationally, Indonesia's new regime is expected to be neutralist in deed as well as word. Sukarno gave lip service to neutralism. but. moved stead- ily toward the Chinese Commu- nist camp. The new Indonesia is expected to follow the type of international role played by the late prime minister Nehru of In- dia Men long on the scene here predict that in the years .im- mediately ahead, Indonesia's new leaders will dedicate them- selves to restoring the country's shattered economy. Food is the immediate prob- lem. Rice, the staple for Indo- nesia's more than 105,000,000 people, today cosis 30 limes what it did 14 months ago. The rains came late this year, so the rice harvest will not take place until May, a month late. ft f mv tsa iSO ATIH In the chaos of the last year, transport was disrupted, so that rice shortages have been aggra- vated in the cities and in such densely populated rural areas as central and East Java. So far Indonesia's new lead- ers have not asked for outside assistance to meet the growing food shortage. When they do, they are likely to turn to Japan or some other similar nation, rather than to the United States or Russia. WARY OF AID While the economies of other nations have been growing, the per capita gross national prod- uct in Indonesia has declined between one and two per cent each year for a decade Meanwhile, Indonesia's popu- lation has been growing an es- timated 2.5 per cent a year. The 3,000 luxuriantislands which make up the Indonesian archipelago basically are under- populated. But Java, with seven per cent of Indonesia's land area, has 70 per cent of the population. Tied to their fabled island by history and tradition, only a few thousand Javanese emigrate to the sparsely-popu- lated outer islands. In Central Java, one of the most densely inhabited areas on earth, popu- lation growth is a staggering 2.7 per cent a year. Mn .TO RUMBLE OF GIANT CRANES Dramatic ChangeIn Ancient Profile 0f London By CAROL KENNEDY LONDON (CP)--To the rum- ble of giant cranes and the rattle of pneumatic drills, the ancient profile of London is un- dergoing a spectacular job of plastic surgery. The skyline of the city, spiked with slender towers and glassy slabs of offices, has changed more dramatically in the last decade than ,in the 300 years since Sir Christopher Wren's spires and domes replaced the old wooden buildings destroyed in the Great Fire. Seen from the south bank of the Thames, the dome of St. Paul's Cathedral, which once floated majestically alone above the rooftops, now com- petes with thrusting office blocks and the six tall towers of the Barbican scheme, a rev- olutionary, £32,000,000 project to turn a blitz devastated stretch of the City into a multi- level precinct ser ting pedes- trians from high-speed traffic. * For centuries London had been evolving unobtrusively, al- most unnoticeably, because of the practice of replacing old buildings with new ones of the same proportions. The year 1957 marked the turning-point that brought a iook of Manhattan to city streets built for horse- drawn carriages and cabs That year the 351-foot, £33,- 000,000 Shell Tower began to go up on the south bank of the Thames, near Waterloo Station. It was quickly followed by other tall shafts of concrete and glass piercing the smoky Lon- don sky: The 387-foot Vickers building on the north bank of the Thames near the Tate Gal- lery, the pagoda - like New Zealand House at the foot of the Haymarket, near Canada House, and the 30-storey Hilton Hotel in aristocratic Park Lane. It was in 1957 that: construc- tion began on the Barbican, after 10 years of neyotiation by City of London authorities to acquire all the sites in the 29- acre area. Before a devastating bombing raid destroyed it on the night of Dec. 29, 1940, the Barbican was an_ undistin- guished huddle of warehouses and small, old-fashioned craft industries such as ribbon-mak- ing. When completed in futuristic blocks, 1971, .he complex of tall office high - speed highways and first-storey-level pedestrian' walkways and bridges will be the first large-scale attempt in London to achieve the 20th-cen- tury town-planner's dream of separating pedestrian and vehi- cular traffic Boom year for construction of the new London was 1959, the "never-had-it-so-good" year of Harold Macmillan's landslide election victory. Few areas of the metropolis escaped the de- velopment wave. The sedate Victorian red brick. of Knightsbridge 'reeled under the impact of Bowater's glittering new headquarters, straddling the entrance to Hyde Park. Glass office blocks went up in the bomb-damaged areas around Paddington and Victoria stations, the west.end of Oxford Street was rebuilt and giant apartment blocks sprouted in outlying residential districts, such as Roehampton, that pre- viously had cherished their vil- lage character. Visitors from abroad, startled by the change in nostalgic vis- tas, were heard lamenting that the new London lacked . the character of the old. Architec- tural experts echoed their lament.'In 1964 a report by the Civic Trust, a charitable foun- dation set up to encourage good town-planning, commented that £800,000,000 spent in three years on rebuilding London had "failed to add much in charm or character to the city." In. July, 1965, Prof, W. A. Robson of London University, chairman of a study group set up to formulate a new planning policy for London, condemned the new skyscraper blocks one by one and said they only con veyed the "desire to dominate or to make money." He urged an over-all plan for the nine-square-mile area con- taining most of London's char- acteristic features -- an area bounded by the Tower of Lon- don in the east, Kensington Gardens in the west, Regent's Park in the north and the Elephant and Castle in the south. A master plan for redevelop- Ing the metropolis was drawn up by the former London County Council as long ago as March, 1939, but. the outbreak of war prevented further ac- tion. The present Greater Lon- don Council is preparing a study on over-all development, expected to be ready by 1968. Ironically, in the spate of planning projects that erupted just before the war, one archi- tectural expert regretted that in the years after the Great Fire of 1666 London had lost "the one opportunity that is ever likely to arise' for replanning the crucial central area--the City. The following year came the Blitz The. City, the historic square mile of banks, brokers' houses and offices that is the financial heart. of the Commonwealth, is the orily part of London to come under a central planning au- thority, the architects' depart- ment of the city corporation in the Guildhall, sree TANNER iy CANADA'S STORY Smoked Eels Lent Dish By BOB BOWMAN In the early days of Canada, although the peasants from France were better off than many people they left at home, they had to observe veny strict regulations. Men who were given farm land to clear were not allowed to move into the villages, or they would be fined and have their property confis- cated. They had to clear the land in a few months, but were not allowed to work on church holidays, of which there were a great many. They complained that they could not cultivate their land when they were left with only 90 working days. Neither were men allowed to swear. There was a "points sys- tem" something like that pre- vailing in some provinces for automobile infractions. Fines for swearing became more se- vere with each offence, An eight-times loser had his tongue cut out in a public performance. What to eat during Lent was a problem. Pierre Charlevoix wrote in 1744 "If it were not for the cod fish and eels there would hardly be such a thing as keeping Lent'... Eels were plentiful and were caught in nets. Housewives would pre- pare them by hanging them in the chimneys of their homes, and letting them cook slowly in the heat of the home fires, Per- haps this was one of the rea- sons why there was a -regula- tion that chimneys had to be cleaned twice a year, at a cost of six sous per cleaning. The eels cooking in the chim- neys made the fires burn bet- ter because the oil from the eels ran down into them. Charleyoix did not say anything in his book about the aroma of this type of cooking! After the eels were cooked, they were salted and kept in' barrels like herring. In the autumn most families had lots of food, especially if the men could go hunting. They would try to accumulate enough beef, mutton, poultry and fish to last throughout the winter, but refrigeration was a prob- lem. If there was a short win- Education - And Who Pays Lively Issue By VINCENT MATTHEWS Canadian Press Correspondent MELBOURNE (CP) --Edu- cation--and who pays for it-- has become the hottest issue in Australian politics. And Prime Minister Harold Holt must be delighted with the way things are going. It is not so much what he has done but what his opponents in the Aus- tralian Labor party are doing that fills him with optimism about the federal election that must come before this year is out. There is bitter controversy in the Labor party on whether pri- vate schools should be given government money. The TLib- eral-Country party government has already decided that they should, In the 1963 election for- mer prime minister Sir Robert Menzies produced what he be- lieved was a big vote winner by announcing federal grants for science-- teaching facilities in private schools. The biggest pressure for this federal aid comes from the Ro- man Catholic schools which, with increasing migration and a higher birth rate, are finding it difficult to accommodate Catho- lic children. SUPPORT LABOR The irony of it is that Aus- tralian Catholics have always been considered the backbone of the Labor party's voting strength. This dates back to the early days of migration when thousands of poor Irish came to the country and to them Labor was the party for the downtrod- den and oppressed. But to staunch Labor men like Frank Chamberlain of Perth, Western Australia, the state aid issue is more -signifi- cant than it seems. To Cham- berlain, an influential member of the party's executive, it means taking money away from the already inadequate state school system to give it to schools which, in many tases, can be attended only by chil- dren of the wealthy. Although the Roman Catholic schools would be the, main bene- factors, to give the aid wholly to Catholics would be impossi- In Australia ble on religious grounds. So the aid would have to be given to all private schools. For instance, one of the schools to benefit from the gov- ernment's grants would be Gee- long grammar school, which Prince Charles is attending for a term at its summer school, Tinbertops. This scnooi is at- tended by the sons of wealthy graziers and owners of exten- sive country properties. None of this solves Labor's dilemma because in the new af- fluent society more and more people of ordinary working class background now are send- ing their children to private schools, WILL LOSE VOTES It is the votes of these people that many shrewd Labor men feel the party will lose by op- posing state aid, as well as the votes of the Catholics who face increasing financial demands from their church to keep their schools going. The controversy burst into the open at a recent meeting of the Labor party's federal executive, which interprets party policy between three - yearly contey ences of the party. The executive -- 36 men elected by each state party conference--confirmed the offi- cial party policy that no direct aid. should be paid non-govern- ment schools and decided to find out if it could challenge the legal validity of the present government's grants to private schools. Gough Whitlam, deputy leader of the parliamentary La- bor party--that is, Labor MPs-- announced that he would defy the executive ruling. Whitlam, 49, is challenging the present party leader, Arthur Calwell, 69, for the top job and. believes he could never be prime minis- ter with the handicap of "no state aid' hanging round his party's neck, The issue could develop into a major party split in the party with Calwell taking the official side and Whitlam leading a group of MP rebels against the party '"'machine. * ter, as in 1671 when there was no snow until January 14 and it had melted by the middle of March, a great deal of the food would be spoiled. Charlevoix wrote "If a compleat (correct) thaw comes on, farewell to the yearly stock of capons, quar- ters of beef, mutton, poultry and fish which they laid up in granaries, depending. on the continuance of the frost; so that in spite of the extensive sever- ity of the cold, people are re- duced to the necessity of wish-: ing for its continuance", OTHER EVENTS ON APRIL 4 1629--Alexander and Kirke formed company to mon- polize fur trade. 1740--Joseph La France left Sault Ste, Marie for Rainy Lake, crossing Lake Superior in winter. He arrived at Rainy River in May, and Lake Winnipeg in September 1853--King's College incorpor- ated at Windsor, N.S. 1881--Population of Canada 4,325,000 of whom 2,548,- 000 were English-speaking and 1,299,000 were French 1917--Women granted right to vote in British Columbia 1918--Order - in - Council forced every male citizen be- tween the ages of 16 and 60 to be engaged in a "useful occupation" OTTAWA REPORT Turbulent Year Seen For Lahar BY DON O'HEARN TORONTO--Once a year the * House gets a review of the la- bor relations situation--on~ de- bate of the labor department es- timates. And this year it isn't encour- aging. Labor Minister Leslie Rown- tree reported that 1965 had been the most turbulent year in recent history. And 1966, he said, promised to be the same. Mr. Rowntree spoke about wildcat strikes, and the failure of the rank and file to ratify. . agreements that had been nego- tiated. . He gave a warning that un- - less more responsibility could be arrived at the 'public would demand the Jaw book be thrown at unions. But the discouraging aspect was that there obviously are problems in the labor field which are much deeper than this; that there is a fundamen- tal weakness in our labor rela- tions structure and that at this point we are not making any apparent move towards correct- ing this. OWN INTERESTS RULE This fundamental weakness ts that in Ontario, and largely in the rest of Canada, labor rela- tions are centred entirely on selfish interest. The interests of the community at large are simply not a factor in them. They focus completely on per- sonal gains by management and unions, and influences on the community are ignored. This is a_ situation which can't continue. It has been recognized in the U.S:--as a result there is the guide - lines policy--and in Eu- rope. And inevitably it will have to be recognized here. Essentially, the time has ar- rived when we can't afford to permit the labor - manage- ment segment to disrupt the economy and the welfare of the community at large. Logically the answer will have to come through agree- ment and co-operation on the part of labor and management. It is not easy, if possible at all, to legislate order into labor relations. BREED RESENTMENT Legal restrictions breed auto- matic resentment from both sides and tend to invite more conflict. A working together towards community '-terest, which uso means self t& ost, is the ideal goal. In line with this, the one hopeful development this year is streng stress the Liberals have been placing on labor- management councils, This is: not a new proposal here. And it is one both labor and management shy away from, particularly management. But it would seem the on, approach which could lead to # more mature labor relationg structure. Once labor and management started to try and mutually solve problems, it wold be logical to expect them to move on eventually to a co-operative approach in their whole rela tionship. MONEY WHEN YOU NEED IT Extra Fast Service When You Want It! YOU CAN NOW BORROW 50 TILL PAY DAY AT ONLY A COST OF .23¢ PER WEEK Run short between pay days? Need extra money? No need to worry if you do. All you have to do is pick up the phone and call us. We would be most happy to assist you over the hump until next pay day. We may be able to extend you a little more credit, say $50 to $200. Call our local manager and arrange a credit in line with your requirements. Calf him today, because... We like to say "Your Loan is OK" CASH LOANS N \ $25 To $5000 AG OPEN FRIDAY TILL 8 P.M ENS FINANCE COMPANY LIMITED 61 KING STREET--WEST Phone 723-3451 BRANCH OFFICE WHITBY: 319 Brock Street, Suite 1-- Phone 668-5821 32 Gonveniently located hrapronps: thitaigtiout Ontario