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Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited 86 King St. E., Oshawo, Ontario T. L. Wilson, Publisher WEDNESDAY, APRIL 20, -- PAGE 4 Parliament Resumes With Little Optimism As Parliament resumes its sit- tings, few will disagree with Prime Minister Pearson's view that it will be difficult to rescue it from the depths to which it fell in the first part of the session--to lead it, guide it or push it in legislative directions that will prove desirably produc- tive. During its past 47 days in ses- sion, it devoted only six days to leg- islation, with the rest given over to the throne speech debate, consider- 'ation of spending estimates, and the angry exhibitionism and partisan in-fighting brought forth by the 'Munsinger and Spencer cases. And looking ahead, from now to July, after allowing for time al- ready arbitrarily allotted to debates 'on redistribution and the budget, 'Mr. Pearson can see just 29 days 'free for dealing with the legislative program. + The Prime Minister says the gov- ernment is committed to seeking enactment of 15 pieces of high- priority or "must" legislation, in- cluding some measures that are "among the most controversial in tyears." As The Welland Tribune says, this suggests a purpose on the 'part of Mr. Pearson to attempt. ma- jor enactments at the rate of better than one in each two days. The point is well taken by The Tribune writer that even a govern- ment with a majority, and dealing with a friendly and co-operative House, could expect to find that too fast a schedule. And it could be wrong for a government to push through its program at such a pace, even if it found the power to do so, if the measures it is to offer are as important and controversial as he has: indicated. The fact that the government has been brought close to a mood of des- peration as a result of its minority position scarcely will be accepted as justification for "railroading" (or attempts to "railroad") legisla- tion which needs careful and exten- sive debate if it is to earn wide- spread acceptance in Canada, ' Wise advantage will have to be taken of the rule changes mention- td by Mr. Pearson, if the govern- ment is to have anything approach- ing control over its legislative pro- gram in the Commons, but there will be little support for it if it goes to the length of preventing reason- able debate. 'Brain - Drain' Dwindles While Canadians are worried about the "brain-drain" of skilled Canadians to the United States, im- migration figures suggest the situa- tion is not as serious as supposed. There has been a significant in- crease in American emigration to Canada in recent months, off-set- ting to some extent the heavier flow of Canadians south of the bor- der. Figures for the first three 'months of this year are not com- 'plete, but authorities here say the number of U.S. residents coming to Canada will show an increase over the first and fourth quarters of 1965. In all of 1965 there were 15,143 She Ostyawa Times T. L. WILSON, Publisher £, C. PRINCE, General Manager C. J, McCONECHY, Editor Oshawa Times combining The Oshawa Times 1) and the Whitby Gazette and 1 s published daily ars Associa of Circulatio it or to The and also the local ights of special des- ding, 425 University ar 640 Cathcart Street, ION RATES Oshawo, Montreal, P.Q. SUSCRIP De riers ] Burk and Newcastle in Province of Ontario $15.00 per year. Commonwealth Countries, and foreign $27.00 per not moil ivery area provinces and "$18.00 per year, U.S.A. yeor. poe American emigrants to Canada, compared with 12,565 in 1964. The figure has been increasing steadily and the 1965 total was the largest since the end of the war. Some of the reasons for Ameri- cans coming here are the attrac- tions of a fast-growing economy; opportunities for rapid advance- ment of skilled people; lower salar- ies but a higher take-home pay be- cause of a more favorable tax sys- tem; the somewhat slower pace of life and the wide-open spaces and recreational facilities offered by Canada, Recently, immigration minister Jean Marchand said Canada is look- ing for ways to increase American emigration to Canada, This country presently maintains immigration offices at San Francisco, Denver, New York and Chicago. Whiel the figures are encourag- ing, there is still a heavy net drain from Canada. In the USS. fiscal year ending last July 1, Canadian emigration to the U.S. totalled .50,- 035 compared .to 51,114 in the pre- ceding year. Of the 1965 total, 38,- 074 were Canadian-born. The others include Americans returning home transfer from subsidiary U.S. companies and people in transit from other countries. on Of significance is the fact that 46 per cent of the people coming to Canada from the U.S. are of the professional class, while only 23 per cent of Canadians moving south are professional. dct eet et She Oshawa Sires LITTLE ENTHUSIASM FOUND FOR B AND B COMMISSION By The Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion \ (World Copyright Reserved) rh It has been reported that many members of Parliament are disappointed by the procrastinations of the Royal Com- mission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, This state of affairs is also reflected in the minds of the general public-- at least in the minds of the generai public who are aware of that particular Royal Commision, Just less than four-in-ten of these adults give a strong vote of confidence to the B, & B. Commission. Greatest ap- proval is voiced in Quebec where nearly six-in-ten say th Commission is doing a good job. English - Canada shows little enthusiasm. Only about a quarter of the English - speaking population acknowledges that the B. and B. Commission is doing a good job while a third express no opinion. The question: "On the whole, do you think that the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism is doing a good job, or a poor job?" TOTAL Good job 36% Fair job 24 Poor job 14 Can't say 26 100% Mother Tongue English French Other 24% 58% 35% 26 24 15 18 5 19 13 31 100%, 100% 100%, aa} Australians Caught In Grip Of That Oil - Rich Feeling By VINCENT MATTHEWS Canasian Press Correspondent MELBOURNE (CP) -- Aus- tralians are getting that oil- rich feeling. They' were always confident that liquid gold was below the surface of their country. But now it is really being proved-- and in a way that is making stock exchange. oil shares treble their value in a day. In two weeks oil discoveries were made thousands of miles apart--in' Queensland, Western Australia and off the coast of Victoria state In Queensland, where Aus- traiia's first commercial field, at Moonie, has been in produc- tion for three years, a new oil find was made 25 miles from the main fiéld. It is only small at the moment but it has big prospects. Off the Western Australian coast, on remote Barrow Is- land, the West Australian Pet- roleum Co. found oil in its 24th well, The record of finds on Barrow Island has been re- markable -- out of 24 wells drilled, 22 have struck oil, one gas and only one was dry. The Barrow Island field, it is expected, will go into commer- cial production later this year. The difficulties of working the field are tremendous because the island is on the cyclone route. Every year, cyclones that build up in the Indian Ocean sweep down on the West- ern Australian coast, thrashing Barrow Island on the way Urgent work on the island has been held up for several weeks this year because of im- possible weather and the: stee oilwell towers have to be built specially to withstand winds up to 100 miles an hour. CLOSE TO PROJECT One of the big commercial advantages of Barrow Island-- 50 miles off the mainland--is that it is relatively close to that part of northwest Western Aus- tralia where a big iron ore mining project has begun in the Hammersley Ranges The natural gas expected to be found with the oil, plus the oil itself, could be a eheap and convenient means of power for the iron ore project, the biggest of its tind in Australia But it is the oil and natural gas find off the Victorian coast that has roused the greatest in- terest. Four wells were drilled from an offshore rig brought all the way from the U.S. One.welt struck oil and gas and the two others found gas. Oil industry experts are enthusiastic about the extent of the finds One such expert, Canadian Dr. Charles Hetherington, was engaged by the Victoria gov- ernment last November when IMMIGRATION KEY TOPIC... nine nisi the first gas was found and asked to report on the oil and gas potential off the Victorian coast and what should be done with it. Dr. Hetherington reported that an ultimate resefve of 15,- 000,000,000,000 cubic feet of gas could be expected if the basins were as productive as the west- ern Canadian basin. The _ oil could be 2,500,000,000 barrels. "But," Dr. Hetherington said, , "the geology off the Victorian coast is more similar to coastal and off-shore California.' And_ if California experience was used as a guide, the ultimate re- reserves could be four times bigger than these original esti- mates ESTIMATES RESERVE Oil could. be expected to be found along with gas as in other parts of the world and on Cali- fornia experience the ultimate reserve would be 10,000,000,000 barrels. The oil and gas could not have been found in a_ better place. It is about half way be- tween Melbourne and Sydney-- the two cities have a joint pop- ulation of nearly 5,000,000--and is only 200 miles from two big oil refineries in Westernport Bay. In his glowing report of the prospects of Australia's wealth beneath the sea, Dr. Hethering- ton touched.on a delicate sub- ject He suggested that the devel- opment of the gas field should be handed over to private en- terprise, At present gas in Vic- toria is distributed by a state- run. gas and fuel corporation. It is an efficient corporation and last year made a profit of more than $700,000. Local politicians are anxious to keep control of this vast gas and oil wealth in Australian, and_ preferably state, hands There are fears that with the American-owned Esso Oil Co. having a 50-per-cent interest in the off-shore fields too much of the profits will be taken out of the country But Dr. Hetherington said the cost of developing the gas field would be more than $105,000,- 000 (Canadian) with about $72,- 000,000 needed in the next two years. The state government could not find such money, un- less it got help from the fed- eral government Sull the search for more oil goes on in Australia. Right now 98 per cent of the nation's oil is imported. But federal offi- cials said after the latest dis- coveries that within the next few years Australia could be producing at least 15 per cent of its oil needs. reserve Nn TN ... PACT 'HOPELESSLY OUT OF DATE' West Indies Cool To Free Trade Proposal BRIDGETOWN (CP )-- Trade and immigration are the predominant topics when leading Barbadian figures comment on relations with Canada. "The Canadian-West Indies agreement of 1926 is hope- lessly out of date," Premier Errol Barrow said in an inter- view with a Canadian re- porter Barrow Canada trade cussed said the idea of a West Indies free "has been dis- down here and we didn't think there'd be any particular advantage for the West Indies." But he said it would be "a good academic subject to have on the agenda" at the conference of leaders from the two Commonwealth areas, scheduled to be held in Ot- tawa next summer Free trade would give Can- ada a big advantage over British and United States , manufacturers in the market- / ing of products in this Carib-/ bean area "It also might possibly af- fect our own industrial devel- Barrow aid it careful examina- area oniment would need tion As for the free trade agree- ment recently reached by rep- the resentatives of Barbados, British Guiana and Antigua, the premier said 'Political unity (in the West Indian area) has a much bet- ter chance of coming out of this 'Caribbean free trade area' than out of a vacuum, as it has been up to now." The new agreement is ex- a pected to go into effect later this year. Immigration was a_ sore point with other officials here, notably Ernest Mottley, who leads the Barbados National Party, the conservative oppo- sition. Mottley said Canada has de facto immigration re- Strictions against colored per- although there are no formal bars along these lines. By favoring "'skilled" work- ers, Canada in effect was re- stricting immigration from the West Indies, where many persons in the work force did not fit into. the - "skilled" category This country has about 250,- 000 people living on an island 14 miles long by 10 Amiles wide The population is growing and former avenues of emi gration have been narrowed by British legislation. Thus sons and question of movements remains a signifi- cant one here. "Free movement of people is usually associated with free movement of Senator H. F. interview with trade. Senator Alkins, manager of firm of general importers and merchants Bridgetown, is among a num- ber of non - partisan senators appointed by the governor. Technicians at research sta- tions operated here by McGill University of there is a strong tradition in Barbados of with Canada This items like timber and salt fish coming rum now is increasing through the education of many Bar- badians in Canada. The island's magazine Canadian news and comment, sometimes two pages make up a large proportion of visitors Peter of the Barbados Chamber of Commerce, said Canada-West 4 population goods," said Alkins, in an that dealt mainly based in Montreal said close relations originates in trade-- south and molasses going north--and chief monthly has a_ section of spreading over Canadian tourists coming to Barhado: Campbell, president Indian never sidered here "There seem to be consid- erable obstacles on both sides.' But great importance to the Cana- dian because of the Common- wealth sugar preference and "a preference on all primary products." But the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade had re- duced Canada's capacity for giving West the advantage of tariff prefer- ence "We're looking now for cap- ital ada,' said. hand-outs."' There seemed to be a little feeling in Barbados, or else- where in the West Indies, for any tion with Canada. complained United Stateg runs a_ well- staffed town preferring to cover Barbados from its diplomatic and trade office in Port of Spain, Trini- dad. has con- economic union been seriously he added, "We attach trade link,' especially Indian products investment from Can- Senator Alkins said. 'Aid doesn't mean formal political associa- here the editor while newspaper that in Bridge- keeps none, consulate Canada CANADA'S STORY 9 Cartier's By BOB BOWMAN It was on April 20, 1534 that Jacques Cartier sailed from St. Malo on his first expedition to Canada Although he wasn't considered to be fit to repre- sent King Francis in Canada even two years later, he was highly-regarded as a seaman. King Francis was so anxious to gain as much prestige as the Kings of England and Spain by discovering foreign lands, that he equipped two 60-ton caravels for the voyage, and gave Car- tier 6,000 livres for expenses. Cartier's first trip across the Atlantic was his best. He reach- ed Newfoundland in 20 days, and rested in a harbor south of Bonavista Bay. He called it St. Catharine's Harbor, after his wife. Cartier might also claim to be Canada's first historian be- cause he kept a diary, written in his own hand, which makes fascinating reading, even today. He sailed up the east coast of Newfoundland, then into the Strait of Belle Isle, and down the western shore. He only caught occasional glimpses of Newfoundland owing to the fog, but saw a little more of the Labrador coast..In fact he ex- plored along the shore in small boats and found it so desolate that he said it was "the land God gave to Cain'. Cartier was such a good navi- gator that he could tell from the movement of the water that there must be a great river ahead. He hoped it might be the river that led to China. Imagine his delight when he TODAY IN HISTORY By THE CANADIAN PRESS April 20, 1966... Andrew Carnegie, the Scots-American steel mag- nate, gave $1,500,000 63 years ago today--in 1903--to build a 'temple of peace" at The Hague. After making an immense fortune in busi- ness, Carnegie retired in 1901 at the age 0; 66 to de- vote himself to --philan- thropy, The International Court at The Hague is one of his lasting achievements. In lifetime gifts and be- quests, mostly for education and_ international under- standing, Carnegie gave away about $333,000,000 1775 -- British forces in Massachusetts retreated to Boston 188}--Gen. Nelson Miles led the U.S. Army in an of- fensive against the Apache Indians. : First World War Fifty years ago today--in 1916--Sir Roger Casement was arrested when he at- tempted to land arms on the west coast of Ireland from a German ship; Russian troops arrived at Marseille as token reinforcements for France. Second World War Twenty-five years ago to- day--in 1941--15 RAF fight- ers attacked 100 Axis air- craft. over Piraeus, Greece, and shot down 14 for the loss of five; the RAF began evacuating Greece for Crete; Mackenzie King and President Roosevelt signed the Hyde Park agreement on continental defence and British aid. LYNDON BRIDGE Caravels sailed along the north shore of Prince Edward Island, now called "the garden of the Gulf', and saw its richness. Then imagine his astonishment as they sailed up the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and found the weath- er to be even warmer than he had known it in France! That is how the Bay of Chaleur got its name, French for "bay of heat"' There was luxuriant growth on shore: wild roses, berries, any many of the same trees as in France. He recognized elm, ash, willow, cedar and yew trees. When they anchored near the shore the natives began to appear in great numbers. At first 'the French were fearful that they might be attacked, so they fired the ships' guns. This scared the Indians away, but they came back the next day, and trading began. The natives gave furs, while the French handed out bracelets made of tin, iron tools, and some red hats for the leaders. Eventually Cartier gave red coats and hats to two of the chief's sons, and persuaded them to come back to France with him! .Before he left he went on shore. and held a ceremony in which he erected a cross on which were the words "Vive le roy de France'. The exact place of the cere- mony is not known, but a com- memorative cross has been erected in Gaspe that cannot be far from it. They were back in France in September. OTHER EVENTS APRIL 20 1742--Royal edict provided that posts in Canada would be sold to the highest bidders 1768--Chief Pontiac murdered by Illinois Indians, said to have been bribed by a sritish trader 1808--David Thompson on- ex- ploration of Columbia River that took years to determine the course 1836--Company incorporated to build Niagara Suspension bridge 1864--Frederick Seymour ar- rived at New Westminster to be Governor of Main- land of British Columbia 1893--Legislative - Council of Prince Edward Island merged with Assembly 1907--Fort William and Port Arthur, Ontario, incorpor- ated as cities 1918--Men from age 20 to 22 were called to military service 1941--Prime Minister Macken- zie King and President Franklin Roosevelt issued Hyde Park declaration helping Canada _ finance war, and making supplies available for Britain Grain, Potash, Big Fishing, REGINA (CP)--As the prov- ince's boosters boast, Saskatch- ewan is the bread basket of the world, the potash producer of the universe and the land where tall fishing tales come true. What they forget, agricultural experts complain, is that. the livestack industry easily out- stripped potash last year, bring- ing $203,000,000 in cash receipts and generating another $100,- 000,000 in related industry. Raising beef contributed about $120,000,000 (compared with $665,000,000 for all grain crops and an estimated $55,000,000 for potash) and the experts say the market can easily stand a 50- per-cent increase. About 14 years ago, there were 1,270,000 head of cattle in Saskatchewan. Since then, farm- ers have come to look on it more as a business 'than a side- line and there now are more than 2,300,000 head in the fields. As for the future, says Live- stock Commissioner A. J. Web- ster, the government hopes an- other 1,000,000 head will be added during the next 15 years and even that won't quite meet market demands. "The real basis of our cattle industry is the rough land we can use for grazing. We hope farmers will be prepared to graze quite a bit of marginal land that's in crop now and improve their range manage- ment." URGES FASTER PACE Provincial experts note the livestock industry has come a long way during the last five years in the grain belt of the province as farmers: began to consider stock more than just insurance against poor crohs, But Agriculture Minister Doug McFarlane has indicated the expansion hasn't been fast enough, He told the Saskat- chewan Farmers' Union in De- eamher: 'Since the outlook for : Also Livestock Industry hogs and dairying and sheep is bright .. . we are puzzled why we do not have more special- ized enterprises in these lines." The southwestern area of the province, rough land described by a farm economist as not worth a hoot for grain purposes, has long been the main ranch- ing area. Here, farmers considered livestock big business and herds of 500 or 800 head were devel- oped. Elsewhere, says Mr, Webster, grain farmers are be- ginning to adopt this attitude and backyard herds have ex- panded to 50 head Part of the expansion in the grain belt developed from farm- ers looking for a way to beat quotas which limit the amount of grain they can deliver to an elevator. They started feeding surplus grain to cattle. Now, says Mr. Webster, grain quotas aren't a problem but the agriculture department wants to keep alive the idea of "mar-" keting grain through cattle, It can be just as good a way as selling through the elevator." PROUDLY OST MATU New Maps End Folding Frustration BY DON O"HEARN TORONTO--If you drive a car you must get a new road map. Even if you just drive a baby carriage get one anyway. The map shows there's noth» ing like a little thought to solve the problems in this world, As you weil know if you're a motorist our highways maps have been a problem. A most frustrating problem. To look at them you have opened them . . . and opened, and opened and opened, And then to put them back you have tried to close them . and have closed them, and closed them and closed them! Strong men have wept trying to close a road map, Now our department of high- ways engineers have come to the rescue, The department's design engi- neers did a little thinking and came up with a new fold for the official map (just now off the press). OPENS AS BOOK Under this ingenious new fold you just open it like a book. You can find your route in a moment, ' And you can fold the map back with a few simple flicks of your fingers. These engineers deserve at least an academy award. But they vill probably get no re- ward at all. For the fold apparently can't be copyrighted. And though it probably will be copied all over the world there will be no pay- off, except in satisfaction, to the men who dreamed it up. FARMERS DAY ACT There is some talk of farmers throwing up road blocks , this year to bring attention to their problems. Except for the vio- lence aspect this mightn't be a bad idea, For it could bring about a speed-up in the reconstruction" of the agriculture industry un- der way today. Many of the farmers who would be on the barricades probably wouldn't like the re- sults, But the speed-up could be in the long-term interests of ev- erybody. The basic problem in agricul- ture today is that there is no longer a place in it for the small-unit farm, the old 'family farm." This is a sad fact. For a great deal of Ontario's beritage grew from the family farm, And, being sad, it is a fact we have been reluctant to face, MUST BE FACED But neyertheless the fact is there. And there can't be good order in agriculture until it is faced. The Ontario Farmers Union, in the van of the blockade movement, has produced some figures. And these figures now are being used by opposition parties. They claim that of 121,000 farms in Ontario 30,000 are sell ing less than $1,200 worth produce annually. and anothe} 30,000 less than $2,500. They would criticize the gov: ernment for this. But actually the fact is that these farms do not belong in our picture any more. They don't fit in today. And if pres- sure from farmers forces clear thinking the inevitable result will be for them to disappear as farm units, Exercise Plan Is Scheduled VANCOUVER (CP) -- Some Vancouver firemen may feel their life is just a rat race throughout the next five years. There's a reason. Just like mice in a cage, they'll be spend- ing hours running in the same place, on a treadmill. The Canadian Life Insurance Association has given Dr, Al- bert R. Cox of the University of British» Columbia's department of medicine a $10,000 grant. It will be used over five years to measure the value of controlled exercise in preveniing heart at- tacks. Volunteers from the fire de- partment will run on the tread- mill three times a week at grad- ually increasing speeds. Throughout their testing they will have respiratory and electrocardiogram exam- inations, glucose injections and blood-sugar tests.