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Of course, you can buy cheaper teaSi but is undoubtedly the most econonviczd and what appears to be 'cheap' in price will prove to be extravagant in use. The fresh young leaves of "Salada" will yield you generous value for your money. bus y ContiudCcd by Ah^ TieOi/n Ja. Mothers and daughters of all ageo are cordially Invited to write to thla Brpaitment. Initials only will be published with each question and its answer •» a means of identification, but full name and address must be given In oacn ietter. Write on one side of paper only. Answers will be mailed direct it itarrped and addressed envelope is enclosed, Address aH>torrespondence for this department to Mrs. Helen Law, Zi3 WooOoine Ave., Toronto. > farm (rop Queries Conducted by Professor Henry G. Bell The object of this department is to place at the ssr- vice of our farni readers the advice of an acknowledged • uthorlty on all subjectu pertaining to soils and crops. Address all questions to Professor Henry G. Bell, In. care of The Wilson Publishing Company, Llmitud, Toronto, ' and answers will appear in this column in tlie order In which they are received. As space is limited it Is advis- able where Immediate reply is necessary that a stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed with the question, when the answer will bi mailed direct _ I Econoniist: 1. To use the liquid the following compound to serve with from a can of peas, lake about one- them. Place in a saucepan 1 cup half cupful of the pias, mash through syru]), "-^ cup water and 2 ta',lespoons^ 1 sieve anrl add to the liijuid. Then butter. Bring slowly to the boiling add 3 table.^poon.s of cornstarch and I poin» . Cook for four minutes and cup of milk. Bring to the boilinjr ^h«" ^"'"^ *i"''l ^''^h a Dover epg-beat- poinl stirring: constantly. Cook for er. You will find this a good sub- three minutes, remove. :ind sea.son to »titute for the butter and honey or taste. Serve with sodas or toasted maple syrup. : cubes of bread. The li(iuid from the Country Girl:â€" 1. The best lawbook' peas, beans and so forth contain.s much fo'' 'he Canadian faimer is entitled of the vital elemeiitu and, therefore, "'rhe Canadian Lawyer," i.rice .$2.00. should be saved foi future use. This -• "How to Keep Hens for Profit," li(iuid also contain.^ much of the valu- by C. S. Valentine, price $1.().5, is a able vegetable pro'cin and, if it is dis- K^>oA book on the subject. 3. The car<lc<i, the food value of the product "anic chosen for the farm should be i« lessened. To cream pen.s, drain the suggestive of something connected, lifjuid from a can of peas and add to ^^'Ib •'• You may find a suitable name among the following: "Clover- mead," "The Lilacs," "Elmdale," "Riverside," "Sunny Heights," "Wood- lawn," "The Maples," "Bclleview," "Springhurst," "Cedar Hedges," "Ash- lands," "Oakwood," "Fair Haven,", "Fernwood," "Braeside," "Meadow- ands." t)r you' mijfht incorporate THE GREAT PROBLEM Less Livestock and More Grain or .More Livestock and More Grain Shall I cut down my livestock so as tion obtains, over the average harvest-! to be able to grow m re wheat next ed in Wayne Oounty, as a result of the' year? This is a question in the minds judicious use of fertilizers, combined of not a few Ontario farmers to-day. with the use of good seed. The publi- Britain must have more wheat, and cation points out that if th« Wayne the food of all the allies must be in-. County farmers had pursued the creased. , , . , . same methods as were employed on hcarcity of labor and high expenses the grounds of the Agricultural Ex-; all around tempt the livestock farmer periment Station, they could reason- to break up more acres for grain and ably have e.xpected the following in-: to cut down on his stock. Before he ureases per acre: | actually yields to this temptation he Corn an increase of 17 bus. per acre' should take into consideration five Oats an increase of 12-22 bu". per acre ^l"'*'*'** ^'^'^, - ! Wheat an increase of 14 bus. per acre; 1. Meat and dairy products art es- 1 Clover hay an increase of 1220 lbs.: sential to a well rounded diet; hence^ per acre' there will always be a steady demand Timothy hay an increase of 2000 lbs. for them. 2. At present, prices of livestock and their products aro well advanced. 3. Only by keeping a good supply of per acre These are not the final yields per acre of these crops, but they are the amounts more per acre that the V.x-\ livestock can roughage be most ' periment Station obtained than was economically used on the farm. 4. The terrible war is destroying no small amount of Europe's best stock. It is said that at the present time the best herds of Holsteins are in America. When the war is Europe must turn to America to re build her livestock herd obtained by the average farmer of Wayne County. In other words, they show what is possible. No figures are given for the increased yield of barley at Ohio Lxperiment Station,' ^^tl' ^u* 't '* 3afe for us to figure that barley would have made approximate- this li(|uid one-<iiiait<r cupful of milk, one tablespoonfiil of cornstarch. Blend in a saucepan, and bring to the boiling point. Cook slowly fur three minutes, then add the peas and heat until the boiling point is reached. •Serve. 2. Hii<k«heat being now to Ihe frint and it.< delicious cakes so _^ popidar for breakfast, you might try 'your own name if you prefer. i.. Experience ha.-t established the Jy.t^e same ^ain per a< re that was ob-, fact that our present acres can be ^"'"^'^ ^°' "â- "^^•^- ! made to produce greater crops, hence The Carrying Capacity of Pautures maintain our present quota of live- ' "~ *"" ' ""^ stock and at the same time produce emm- IMLKNAriO.NAI. LK.^SON .NOV K.MUKK U. to rebuild the city walls, but were hin- dered from completing it. Province, --.ludah. Afflictionâ€" Conditions in Judah were bad during the century following the e<lict of Cyrus (compare lesson for Oct. 141; the population; wa:< small, there was much poverty,; and the surrounding tribes were hos- tile (compare the books of Haggai,' /ecliariah, and Malachi). ! I 4. Nehemiah's grief. The story of the misfortunes of his fellow Jews Nt'homiah's I'rayer â€" moved Xchemiah to tears (compare 1 III CrAA ' '^*' 'J'i'"' "f Ezra, Ezra 9. ."^-i"); 10. (1). ' ' '^ t.oiaen [Certain .lays- His distress was not re- FfSl, I .lohn 3. 22. | lieved by one outburst of tears; he Ver.HM l-.-?. Nelicmiah receives bad '"">"â- "'â- â€¢' bitterly for days. During news concerning conditions in ,Ieru- l""^"'' ''">'â- '* "' '>i<iu"iiiiK he gave him- balem. Chislevâ€" The ninth month of ''«"' '" fa«ting and prayer. Cod of the ,lcwi4i calendar, corresponding to heaven -Postexilic .Jewish theology part .if .NovenibcT an<l part of Decern- empha.tizes the transcendence of Cod ber. Twentieth year- Though no Can be increased No representative figures are avail- , able in Ohio as to the gain in the car-| rying capacity .if pastures, as the re- sult of top-dressing them with ferti- lizers. In fact, the fertilization of pasture lands is a thi«g rarely thought of by the farmer. In 1911 an ex-| tensive experiment was reported as â€" ! â€" having been carried out by Scotch it is safe for us to assume that the farmers under the direction of their increase in amount of corn fodder ob- He'U Appreciate Your Good Judgment As Well As Your Good Will if fcr Christinas, 1917, you send him a Gillette Safety Razor! That's the gift that is valued Overseas fox itself as well as for the sake cf the sender. Few articles of personal equipment are so welcome, for the Gillette is known up and down the Allied lines, by Canadian, Briton and AnzEC, Frenchman, Italian and American, as the one sure passport to a clean and enjoyable shave. Even if he has already had one, the man in whom your hopes centre will be glad to get emother Gillette Safety Razor, For under active service conditions, equipment so sought after as the Gillette strays easily and often, and he may now be trying to worry along again without one. So whatever else your box may contain, don't forget a GILLETTE SAFETY RAZOR â€"and a good supply of blades. If you prefer, we will take your order, through your dealer or djred, and deliver the razor of your choice from our neareil depot Overseas. Ask your dealer about this when he shows you his Gillette assortment. Standard Sets and "Bulldogs" cost $5.00â€" Pocket Editions $5.00 to $6.00â€" Combination Sets $6.50 up â€" at Drug, Jewelry and Hardware Stores. MaiU are congested â€" thipmentt slow. Send hh Cittette early f GILLETTE SAFETY RAZOR CO. OF CANADA, LIMITED, Office uj Factory : Gillette Buildiag, Mootreal 274 cereals for the market. Let us illustrate the last point. What a Typical Dairy Farm Did The question the livestock farmer is asking is: How can I increase my net income without giving up my produc- tion of livestock? He must find his answer in more efficient methods of the production of crops, larger yields „. , , ^ . . , , „ â-  ^ , .. of corn, small grain and hay, which Highland Agricultural Society for the tamed would counterbalance the are easily within his oower if he but years 1901 to 1010. inclusive. As an amount of succotash grown under the paysattention to the up-building of the average for the years 1902 to I9l0,j first system. Now, dividing this sur- , plus amount of feed by the amounts Yield of Typical Dairy Farm Unfertilized Fertilized I.e-.^ VI. .Vch. Crop Area Ilav •a.2<iC Pasture ..33.8 Corn 28. 1@- Succotash 7.1@ Oats Sf). I@ Barley ... 9.20 Wheat ... »i.7@ Minor crops & Home- s'ead ..13.2 Yield per A. Total Yield Yield per A. 2 "a tons = 58 tons ^3 1-3 tons 113 days= 113 days ^IT'^V Increase 45 bus.= 1205 bus. I@i52 bus. 2% tons= 19. S tons ) 47 bus.- 2.590 bus. @ti9 bus. 31 bus. = 285 bug. @45 bus. 14.5 bus.-- 97 bus. @;J8.5 bus. Total Yield = 81.2 tons 132.21 days -- 2185 bus. 3802 bus. 414 bus. 191 bus. The expression is not found in pre- exilic writings, nor was it ever u.sed very extensively, but N'ehemiah is very fond of it. .'ill. The prayer of Nehemiah. fireal and terrible Usual attributes to the (iod of heaven; he is terrible to- ward hi.s enemies. Covenant -Jehovah had always been loyal to the covenant established with Israel at the time of the K.xodiis. Lovingkindness â€" He al- ways treated Israel with special con- sideration. I.ove .... keep com- mandments The altitude of .lehovnh toward men is dependent on their at- titude toward him; Israel he had treated more kindly than it descived. I'lay The participle used in Hebrew ";.scHped . . Ca'plivVly 'l^notes continuous action (verse 4): 's who had returned '^^" *"""'' '•'•"'> '" implied in "day and night." Confcss-Old Testament name is given, Ihe reference must be 'o the reign of Artaxerxes I (Neb. 2. 1), king of Persia from li. C. 4(i4-424; hence H. C. iih or 144. .Shushan Or, Susa. the aii< ioirt capital of Klam, selected by Cyrus as one of the capi- tals of the empire founded by him. Palace -Or, "(a.stle;" as a court of- ficial Nehen,iah lived in the royal pal- ace. Hanani A lirothei-. or, at least a near relative of .Vehemiah (compare .Nth. 7 .2). Men oiii of .ludah - Han- ani himself may no( have visited Jerusjlem, but he iciei^cd news from men who had loinc from Ihe land of Judah; and, believing that .Nehemiah would lie interested he brought the men to him. K â€" Jewish exile from Babylonia prior' to the days of Nelieniiali; perhaps during the earlier years of Aitaxcrxes's reign ( Kzra 4. 11, IJl. They had made an a'lempt 17(i.4 acres. of roughage, grain and pasture re- 1 quired per co,v, the hay and pasture' figures .«how it nossible to increase j the dairy herd by eight additional ' animals. This means that the typical i dairy farm, from the products of' fertilized crops, can maintain 21 head I of high-grade stock instead of 13, as under the old system. It also means' that beside increasing the dairy stock, I there is a surplus of 898 bushels ofj corn to sell, 1170 buihels of oats, 101 j bushels of barley, as well as an addi-| tional 94 bushels of wheat. Neces-| sarily, this increase in grain produc- tion would make it possible to greatly! increase the number of hogs kept, and ' HIGHEST PRICES PAID For POULTRY, GAME, EGGS & FEATHERS Pleaa« write for uurtlculam. r. WOVJ.VI k CO.. 89 Bonaecottrs ICarkat. Mos real Trap For To Dai Make Big Preflti From Furs i by ahlppinf to the World's BlMctt Fur Houie For bia trupylntf n>on«y to ••eo your liji ' .10 a bushvl: .65 a bushel ; tiO a bushel 2.00 a bushel increase as noted at these amounts to approximately This means that the gross re- KT, your T-irr to qb at o>ic«. W<* ar* ] .'at b€^«U3'! »?• p*/ hi;:b«t pricM. nM4y'>vvuklLsnotv. whll4Brl<;Mar« | aooii. Wr ti' for in t yrtc« iibt on riij- â- kiroC. rr.lnit, foi. oinilcruc ar>J bt^r fun. top prio«« antf Mad moiwy •«m« day ] Jcllips have high food value T\lak<! as many ua you can. 'J'licy ^\ill b<: worth a great deal to you next winter. L antic Sugar "Pure and Unrohrod " niakea clear, delicious, Kparkliiii jpllif». The purity and '-ILNl', granulation makes (ucccrti) easy. 2and5-li» 10,20 and 100-Ih cartons Micks uo Ask youi' Grocer for LANTIC SUGAR prayers contain much confession, which is an element in all real pray-: er. In support of his petition, Nehemiah reminds .Tehovah of an', earlier agreement and nuotes words which he is said to have spoken to Moses. Scatter- The threat of dis- persi'iii is fre(iueiit in pre-exilic litera- ture; the outcasis are the dispersed. Heavens Babylonian inscriptions contain a similar expression, "the four (juartcrs of heaven;" eriuivalent to "the ends of the earth." Place â€" .lerusalem, which .Fehovah has chosen as his earthly dwelling place. These The .Tews struggling in Jerusalem. Redeemed- The Hebrew word is used of the freeing of slaves; the reference here is primarily to the didiverance from exile?' Since .lehovah has done so much, he ought to complete the re- si oral ion (compare lesson for Oct. 7). Fear The Old Testament term for true piety, which expresses itself in loving obedience. Thy name â€" Kquiv- aleril to the emphatic pronoun. To fear Ihe name of .lehovah is essential- ly the same as to fear .lehovah as he has revealed himself in various ways. Prosper -In the interview already decided upon. Mercy--Or, "favor," so thai the king may listen sympa- thetically and grant the rociiiost. How the prayer was answered is told in the next lesson. » .o 11 • lu I- possibly the number of sheep, but we fertility of his soil by the u^e of fer-' there was a gain of ')8 lbs. in the live ^hall not estimate anv increase in thej tilizers. Moreover, he can grcatlv weight carried per acre on animals„umber of these animals, but shall] increase the tarrying capacity of his pasturing on plots receiving 200 lbs. estimate the value of the surplus grain I pastures by liberally fertilizing them, of phosidioric acid per acre, as against at the following prices: .. To illustrate our point, let us consider thing. As an average of three years, Cor,, jj j a typical dairy farm with i's present animals on plots which received no- Oats .. carrying capacity and its capacity ' plots which received a top-dressing Barley under more intensive methods of crop carried three head of sheep more per whgjjt production. The size of this typical acre throughout the average sea.son Thg dairy farm is 17ti.4 acres, we will say, than did the undressed plots. .\a an p,.if(.g and its cropping system includes the average of two years there was a gain $[,880. v ....^ s. following: of lOS's lbs. in live weight of beef turns from fertilization show an in- Hay 23.2 acres cattle ner annum on plots receiving a urease in the carrying capacity of the Pasture 33. H acres dressing, as against returns from farm of 8 head of high-grade dairy; ' Corn 28. 1 acres stock pasturing on plots which receiv-j stock, and a gi-oss increase in the in'- farmer. Such an addition entails Succotash 7.1 acres ;ed nothing. come from the jalt of surplus «rai i but very little expen.se. with refer- Oats 56.1 acres' Ke-figuring the Typical Farm and hay of $1,880. i ence to "labor, since the fertiliz.-r can Barley 9.2 acres, with these figures of actual gain in The KiO-acre farm is probably large] be applied at the same time the grain Wheat 6.7 acres ^,(j,„j then, let us re-estimate the for the typical dairy farm of most oij is seeded. What is possible on the Minor crops, garden and ! typical dairy farm in order to ascer-| this country. It may be also small | dairy farm is equally as possible^ oil d)">Ultkh IOO.I. Wr !•â-  for , rr.lnli I prio4 â- atpinwrt. WRITI rOR FRK BOOK QkiM Lawk trivM ,ia m*«1 vi*e*- tant, vw, WM [ui IL | "â- â- â-  FUNsrmN anos. » co. 4l«fMtH (aMkt emu n. homestead, , , 13,2 acres t„jf, ^yhat would be nossible. under an for others, but if a gain of eight head! the beef animal farm, since more feed Yields obtained from these crops intensive method of kindling. Results "f I'attle and .^l.^SO worth of grain i both in the crib, in the granary, m the are approximately as follows: ' which have been obtained show what '"an be made by simply fertilizing the| silo and in the hay-loft means that it Corn 40 " ' Barley Corn stover l'«4 Corn, green Corn, field- cured fodder2',i! Hay 2 Oats Wheat to 45 bus. per acre it is possible to do on a farm ap-! 'O""". small grain and pasture land, at i is possible to raise or fatten off a 31 bus. per acre proximately the size of the one in! approximately 200 lbs. of fortiliicr. larger herd of meat animals each to P^ tons ^er acre question, which closely approaches' per acre, it is of great interest to the| year. " m so common . â-  , . i his country. The results show; â-  I An ordinary horse's strength, rough- ly speaking, is equal to that of about five men. Grading potatoes for market in- creases the possibilities of sales and raises the price received. Keep the cull <m the farms and save the cost of hauling. A cheerful bed of tulips helps to welcome spring. Thore are many places in the home grounds where they will more than repay the cost and trouble of planting. Plant bulbs now, two or three inches deep in well drained soil, and when the earth first freezes cover them with a mulch of straw or manure, to be- removed as soon as freezing weather i« past next spring. to 294 tons per acre to 2V2 tons per n^ re 47 bus. per acre 14'"j bus. per acre With this yield the average farm maintains the following number of livestock: Dairy 13 ! Miscellaneous cattle 12.1 I Horses fi . 9 ' Hogs 111. I ! Poultry U8.4 I Sheep f.9.5 I This number of live.itock is high I for the average farm; yet the relative numbers anil the various kinds of I stodk are representative for dairy I farm.s of Ontario. The results show that the typical farm is by no means , a poor farm, nor is it poorly managed ! RoBults better still, however, can be { obtained at a greater profit by re ' adjii.stment of the farming methods I By better soil tillage and more liberal] the livestock farmer can fertilize his j fertilization of his crops, the farmer ^ fields and increase tjjeir livestock Keep daily. fresh, clean water supplied Burn the old in wlA can be done by properly balanc inu^jlantfood, assuming of course that asonably good seeil combined with attention to the essentials of fertility, such as good drainage and proper soil tillage can do. The above chart, columns 1 and 2, v^^„ ,v,„ „„,,, ..1.. records the crops already harvested '^^^f ^'^f ^'^^^* "*^- from the typical farm in que.stion. In; "^sts to destroy vermin, the third column is recorded the aver-; When there is old plaster or mor. age yield per acre obtained by adding to be had scatter in the poultry yard, to the present yields what has been | ^ ^ ^ . ^^^^^ ^^„ j,^ .„ -^ found possible at the Ohio Expen- j tu â-  u ,* - meiit Station as a result of the judici-' ^^e Poultry yard. There is no better ous use of fertilizers. When the same| P'ace for plums. acreage of crops as was grown on thej Pale, soft combs or dark or purple f,.gp from typical farm is estimated at these in- combs indicate trouble. Healthy fowls ^^-^^ result cVeased yields, the results are shown have bright red. f\rm combs. , Chicken mites, the niglr^ pe-i of ILs^fli^refofTr^Sse iif c^pfa^el IjJ- late hatched chicks should not poultry may not always le- . the not merely theoretical estimates, but ^^ led with larger stock but by them- fowls before daylight, as Co.iimonly they are based upon actual accom-' selves, or they may fall to receive a supposed, but may remaiti in the best results in eggs. See that fowls have sufficient room for proper exer- cise. Put the pouhr-y house in proper' con- dition without delay. Make the roof watertight and the sides water and wind proof. Do this before cold weather. Gather a lot of road dust now while i.,e weather is favorable and put it away in bo.XT. ;•'• bai>els. The fowls will enjoy thi.- .r;e dust boxes dur- ing winter. The wat,.'r in the runs i>- ' be kept ontaminatic .'-. .Usease plishments. They actually .show how proper amount of food. can make his land carry considerably more live stock and at the same time I produce grain and other material for I sale. Reliable Figures as to Possible Crop Increases from Fertilizers 1 Relative to the increases in yield of , crops which can be expected from the I judicious use of fertilizers, it is dif- I ficult to obtain representative figures. I Perhaps the best figures that can ] be obtained where long-time tests have ' been conducted with great care, are found in the records of the Ohio Kx- ! periment Station. .\t this irrstitu- I tion the judicious use of fertilizers has been studied for the last 25 years. A recent publication, entitled, ".\ pos- sible Wayne ('ounty Farm" actually carrying capacity To Maintain an .Average The average amount of feed con- sumed by the dairy cattle in the ex- periment in question was Roughage 5,840 Ib.s. Grains (made up of corn, barley & oats) 542 lbs. Pasture 186 days per cow The Increase From Fertilization Subtracting the original amounts olitained per acre from the various crops, from those obtainetl feathers in such numbers as to make Hens must be well cared for during poultry possible carriers of this pa*^ the aytumn and winter months for , to uninfested places. Curing Meat on the Farm. ; water to ItIO pounds of meat. It la, , .• , . a good precaution to boil and skirj In curing pork on the farm, be sure ^i, • , o i, » „ 1 •-.'« " ^ . ^j,g mixture. Saltpeter mav be aGt".> that the hog has been properly to preserve the natural color of tin slaughtered and then chilled without meat but is harmful to the health, fieezing for at least 24 hours. Hams, even if used in small quantities. Brine shoulders and sides make the best does not easily freeze but meat cur«f smoked meat and should be trimmed more rapidly if it does not become tct The bacon will cure in from 21 of all thr^e-cornered pieces and rag- cold, at the' Bed edges. These small scraps make to 80 days, while the heavier hami larger yields per acre after the crops have been fertilized, we find the fol- lowing gains due to fertilization: Hay 28.2 tons Pasture â€" 19.2 days Corn 920 bushels details for the Ohio far mer of Wayne , Oats 1220 bushels County, the inci eases in 'ield of corn,' Barley 129 bushels wheal, oats and hay, which the .sta- Wheat 94 bushels good sausage but poor ham. Rub the need from 40 to 80 days. FreshaCi meat well with salt and leave over , cured meat in lukewarm water fof night. Pack in a clean hardwood six hours. Dry and smoke wi(jf. barrel with the heavier hams on the hardwood or corncobs for four to bottom, the shoulders next, and the seven days. It is safer to let the bacon on top. Good brine can be made fire go out at night. Well-smoked f rum 10 pounds of salt, two pounds of meat keeps best in a cooU dark, dry,. sugar or molas-sea and four gallons of well-ventilated platr.