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<> • K * • 1 * aftff^bp^Qucncs V B â- .f^^;^-if^^3' Conducted by Professor Henry G. Bell The object of thia dspartnr.ent la to place at the ser- vice of our farm reader* the advice of an acknowledged authority on all aubjecta pertaining to aolla and crop*. Address all questions to Professor He^ry G. Bell, In Mre of The Wilaon Publishing Company, Limited, Toronto, 'nd answers will appear In this column 'n the order in Which they are received. Wnen writing kindly mention this paper. As space is limited it is advisable where immediate â- "cply Is necessary that a stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed with the question, when the answer will bo mailed direct. R S.: â€" 1. Hare eit^ht acres of light | sandy soil that has not been plowed ; for Bix years th»t I would like to put : to beans. I would like to fertilize it. j Can you tell me the kind to use. also ; the amount and the best way to ap. ' ply? 2. Is it possible to grow pea-! auts in Ontario? ! Answer: â€" Beans show the results | of good feetiing more than any other crop. In growing them on a sandy loam soil best results are obtained by ' fertilizing with plantfood fairly high in ammonia say from 2 to 3 per cent., and well supplied with available phos- 1 phoric ai'iij 8 to 12 per cerit. In put- j ting this fertilizer on bean land, do not let it drop In the rows immediate- I ly under the beans,, as such an appli- 1 cation tends to hinder the germination of the seed . If you are applying the fertilizer th-ough the dropper of a ' grain drill it is well to stop up every third hole where fertilizer Is droppin? and allow the seed spouts to drill tile beans along the rows that do not receive fertilizers. Many suc- cessful be.Tn growers claim it is ad- : vantageous to apply the fertilizers a week to ten days ahead of the time the beans a'-e sown. As to the amount ^ to use. from 200 to 600 lbs, per acre are used by successful bean growers in | this latitude. 2. Peanuts are a long season crop. That is, they are used to a growiiijr season over 200 days free of frost. Most parts of Ontario en- joy a sea-on of only 125 to 140 daysj at the out.si !e free of frost, hence pea- 1 nuts cannat be successfully produced ' in the province. I R. R.:â€" What would be the best crop [ for a gravelly knoll that does not give a good crop of grain or corn? ! Answer: â€" The reason the gravelly- knoll is not productive is that it fails ; to hold a supply of moistjire sufficient , to the needs of the average farm crop. â-  In planning for its management there- 1 fore, thought should be given to over- coming this difficulty. If the plot is very gravelly, possibly the best thing you can do is to seek to establish a stand of sweet clover on it. Prepare the soil early in the spring and seed with «j or 8 lbs. of good seed to the acre. In handling the crop be sure' to cut it sufficiently early so that the growth does not become woody, other. wise the hay will not be satisfactory. If the gravelly knoll is fairly produc- tive, early in the season, I would pre- fer to get a stand of alfalfa on it. This will produce a splendid quality of feed and at*the same time will con- tinually improve the quality of the soil. >V. R.: â€" How does sweet clover com- pare with corn for silage, I mean as to feeding value? What time should it be ensiled? Answer: â€" Sweet clover is becoming fairly popular in soihe parts of the country as a crop for silage. It is used frequently in combination with com, putting it in alternate loads of corn and .•^weet clover. This is ad- vantageous, since com is relatively low in protein and high in starch, while sweet clover carries a consider- able amount of protein as well as a fair amount of starch. Good results have been obtained by cutting the clover when it is-in full bloom. How- ever, I would prefer cutting before the full crop is in bloom, since the plant becomes very woody if left till this time. As to feed value, sweet clover carries about 3.17 per cent, protein, 20.8 per cent, carbohydrate and .65 fat. Well matured corn carries 2 . 1 per cent, protein, 21.70 carbohydrate and .8 fat. L. L.: â€" I What is the right ration to feed to dairy cows? Would you •dvise mangels with silage, hay and some grain? 'Z. Would you advise growing Russian vetch for hay? Please advise as to its culture. Answer: â€" You will do well to ad- dress your enquiry to the Dairy De- partment of the Ontario Agricultural College. This department is un- doubtedly in close touch with experi- mental work of this and other coun- tries with reference to best rations for , dairy cows. 2. I am not familiar with Russian vetch . Common vetch and hairy vetch are both valuable crops. : They are legumes which produce a considerable grrowth of very nutritious j stalk and leaf. The seed of vetches ' is temporarily very high in cost on ac- count of much of it normally coming from Europe. Common vetches can be handled much like field peas. .\ w^ell prepared seed bed supplemented with a good dressing of manure or application of fertilizers, forms a suitable home for the crop which is sown broadcast. Hairy vetches can be sown on poor sandy soil, but of course will give best results on soil in better state of fertility. R. R.: â€" What is the best fertilizer for orchards? Answer: â€" For orchard fertilization I would recommend a mixture carry- ing 1 to 2 per cent, ammonia and 10 to 12 per cent, phosphoric acid. Use this at the rate of about 10 lbs. per tree scattering it out about the area covered by the branches. Farmer: â€" Is fertilizer needed on Spring grain as much as on i''all wheat ? Answer: â€" Fertilizers are profitable on both spring and fall crops. It is impossible to say on which it is most profitable since weather conditions, ' price of products, etc., entering in at diflferent times of the year will fre- quently reverse any rule that may be laid down. To give you an idea of the results of experiments, Ohio Sta-i tion which has been testing the effect} of fertilizers for the last 20 years finds a gain on corn from 16 to 22 bushels per annuni as an average. On oats for : the same time the fertilizer produced an increase over the unfertilized of 29 to 48 bushels per acre. On wheat for the same period, the gain for fertilized wheat over unfertilized, ranged from 21 to 27.5 bushels per ' acre. X. Y. Z.: â€" Do you recommend basic slag on garden vegetables? What is the best fertilizer for cucumbers? Answer: â€" Basic slug will -give re- sults on cabbage, turnips and other cruciferous crops, but is not suff ici- ently available to give best results ' .with other garden vegetables. In fa ct, with the A-egetables noted, basic I slag will not give as good results as I high grade fertilizers. For cucum- bers I would recommend on sandy : soil from 300 to 500 lbs. per acre of I fertilizer carrying 2 to 5 per cent am- i monia and 10 to 12 per cent, available ; phosphoric acid with as much potash j as it is possible to obtain at this time. Some successful commerical growers use over 1000 lbs. of such fertilizer per acre. If your soil is fairly well i supplied with nitrogen and you believe } it will give a sufficient vine growth, I cut down the ammonia to 1 or 2 per ; cent. For best results apply 2-3 of ', the intended amount of fertilizer, ' drilling it into the field with the ferti- lizer attachment of the grain drill or spreading it broadcast and disking ' and harrowing it in carefully. When planting the cucumbers work in a I handful of the fertilizer into each hill, ! but do not allow the seeds to drop im- i mediately on lop of the fertilizer. A Vital Necessity in Peace or War T HE operations of Hydro-Electric and ' Public Utility Compamea are a vital neces.sity to the industrial and social wel- fare of Canada, and are as essential in times of peace as in war. This is one of the reasons we recom- mend the Bond* of well-managed Hydro- Electric and Public Utility Companies 'serving growinjf communities. Send for Hst of Hydro-Electric and Pub- lic Utility Bonds yielding 61 to S'^c Nesbitt, Thomson & Company Inveatment Bankers Limited Mercantile Trust BWg. 222 St. James Street Hamilton Monti eal YOUR PROBLEMS Mothers ana dauamers of all ages ar« cordially InviUd to write to th department IniUals only will be puSlished v»itn each question and its «»«•>••• as a means of laentlfication, out full name and address must be given in oac letter. Write on one side of piiper only. Answara wilt b« mailed direct stamped and addressed envelope is fiyc'.c^itd. ^ ^^m Address all correspondence for tnia department to Mra. Helen •-*>*'• *^^ ^Goabine Ave., Toronto. there a superabundance, with TIME NOW TO SWAT THE HOUSE RY Wants-to-Know:â€" 1. The repatri ates are the old men and women, chil- consequent waste. dren and babies and in some cases the Milkmaid: â€" You sound quite paa- young women being sent back from toral and picturesque. Miss Milkmaid. Germany into France through Switz- No doubt you wear a pink sunbonnet. erland. They are the French and But you're the patriot! With so many Belgians captured by the Germans cows to milk you make the city dwel- earlier in the war. As they cannot ler's Red Cross work look a midget be- be used to work .and eat too much food side a full-grown bumble bee. Thers , they are being sent back. 2. Soisaons, is a big and practically undiscovered ' one of the oldest cities in France, is on field for women in dairying and they the Aisne (pronounced "ain"! River. 3. would do well to think seriously about ' Chemin-des- Dames ("Road of the taking it up as a definite occupation. â€" ^ . 'â-  J-^«l'*s"> is an important highway Have you thought about factory work To be sure, the house-fly is a nusi- torn, placed near the manure piles will running along the hills flanking the at all? You are really more useful ance every summer and to "swat the catch many at the adults. j northern bank of the Aisne in the where you are. however, for the work fly" after he has laid his eg^s is "*• Shelter food and dwellings from Champagne. 4. The bride's notes of in the creameries and canneries is ex- â-  ., , _, , 1, " . them. The use of screens on doors thanks should be wTitten on note tremely heaw and not altogether suit- practicau> useless. lo get tne great- and windows of dwellings is quite gen- paper in preference to correspondence able for giris. Thev are employed est benefit it should be killed in its eral now and should be even more so. cards. All of the wedding presents at present to a limited extent in cer- breeding places or caught before it can Food such as milk, butter, etc., should that arrive before the actual dav or tain factories, doing such work aa lay its eggs. "For every fly you kiU be covered or place in a fly-proof day before the wedding should be ac- testing the cream, printing and pack- eariy in the season you kill a million," place. knowle^iged before the bride goes ing the butter and other of the lighter has often been said and there is much 5. Poison their food. Many flies will away. If time does not permit of ac- ' phases of the industrv. Some are go- truth to it. Proper control measures enter the house in spite of our eternal knowledgment of these and those ar- ing around the farms" collecting cream taken early in the season will do much vigilance and will have to be dealt with ri\-ing after the wedding on the honey- and delivering it at the canneries. to eliminate thia annual menace to the there. The fly-swatter should be kept moon trip, it is permissible to write None of them has as yet gone in for public health . i busy but alone it can not cope with these notes of thanks after the return cow-testing, although an expert at the Methods of combatting the house-fly the invaders that are constantly com- ^ home. 5. The terms dried, dehyrated Ontario Agricultural Farm states that may be summed up as follows: ing into the house. They need water and evaporated mean virtually the they could do this very well. You 1. Protect the breeding places from to drink and by giving it to them with same thingâ€" that is. removing the would be well advised to stay right the fly. This can be accomplished by a little poison in it it will aid in their moisture from foods or drying them, where you are. however, and to try to keeping the garbage in enclosed con- destruction, pne poison of this nature In evaporation, as a rule, the water is convert some more damsels to your tainers where the flies will not have is to fill a shallow dish about half full not all removed, as in evaporated milk way of thinking. Canadian dairy "pro- access to it. In the country care should ' of water and add to a tablespoonful of and fruits. The dehydrated process ducts have strengthened their hold on be taken in the disposal of manure. If formalin. Milk may be used instead calls for Uie removing of a much foreign markets since war broke out the manure pile is allowed to sprawl of water. Place a couple of bread greater amount of moisture.. and the Minister of Agriculture sees over a large portion of the barn yard crusts in the fluid for the flies to stand Picknicker:â€" Even athwart the path great possibilities for Quebec and On- the conditions are ideal for the breed- on. In order to be more effective of the picnicker the shadow of war tario capturing much of the dairy ing of flies. ' other fluids in the room should be cov. must lie and the warning note must be trade of Norway and Denmark; while 2. KUl them in their breeiling places ered up. ' , struckâ€" to save food. Ever>-one the Maritime Province*, besides shar- by means of some chemical. Govern- An up-to-date farmer has devised a knows something of the charm of ing in the markets of the old land, ment experts report good results from way of killing flies around the cow- these outdoor expeditions, but it must should be able to command an ever-in- the use of borax which is applied at barn. Take eight ounces of arsenite be admitted that the perennial sand- creasing trade with the Eastern States the rate of 0.(52 pounds of borax to of soda and dissolve it in a barrel of wich invariably accompanies them in butter and cheese. eight bushels of manure immediately ; water, adding to it a gallon of mo- makes the bread and butter fly. While Traveller:â€" Yes. food demonstra- on its removal from the barn. ".A.pply lasses. Fill a common sprinkling there is no compulsory legislation in tions will be put on at all the big ex- the borax particulaHy around the out-; can with the fluid and sprinkle floors the matter, it should be remembered hibitions this vearâ€" notably Toronto, er edges of the pile with a flour sif ter | and sides of the barn near the manure by all organizations or individuals London and Hamilton. No doubt they or any fine sieve, and sprinkle two or, piles. Care must be taken that cat- having picnics or outdoor expeditions, will prove a verv popular feature as tnree gallons of water over the borax. ; tie cannot get where they can lick it. that they are on their honor to waste there is no doubt of the fact that the treated manure." [The barrel of poison when not in use nothing, to use substitutes as freely as interest of evervboiiv in the country 3. Place traps near their breeding should be covered and put in a place possible and to steer clear of all wheat has now been awakened to the food places to catch them before they lay inaccessible to any animals. This their eggs. Traps are made of wire' poison proved to be very effective on screen that fit into the barn window or | the farm last summer when other on top of the garbage pail. Common slower acting poisons failed to keep wire screen traps, with bait in the bot- ; these pests under control. products. .A sufficiency of food question and people are thinking about should be taken to the picnic. Usually it more than they ever did before. The body gone. There were no evi- dences of a violent ri'nio\-al. Every- thing was in order. 7. (jo, tell his disciples and Peter â€" There was no time to linger in can be done to the best advantage so far as the winter supply is concerned, by caponizing, for cockerels will not remain good eating until they are so large, and hens are not liked so well even if we wanted to sacrifice them. The modern caponizing tools are so well made and the methivis of doing An easy way to insure a reliable winter meat supply is to caponize enough cockerels to furnish it. Take April or May hatched cockerels and transport over the amazing fact, caponize them when they reach two „ , , , . . v They had a message to pive to the ^^ ^, ^^jf ^.^ .^ree pounds weight and fhe work so well developed that it has stricken disciples, in their darkness ., ,,, -;„.,„ », „-,„. ;„ v..a;o-Vit- become an easy matter for anyone to and perplexitv It is Mark only who <^hey will continue to grow in v^eight adds "and Peter." Th;. is a special- until they are ten months old the . ly tender touch, that to the disciple meat of fat fries is no better than the :".P""'i: .^' Lesson XII. Jesus Triumphant Over broken hy. his own denial and by the meat of capons. Death â€" .Mark 16. 1-20. Golden death of his loved Master the early Text I Cor 15 "'0 announcement of the resurrection INTERNATIONAL LESSON should be made. It is also significant Verse 1. When the Sabbath was past that this injunction to tell Pet^er is re- â€" This was after sunset on Saturday, corded by Mark the interpreter of for the Sabbath ended at sundown. Peter, He goeth before you into Mary Magdalene, and Mary the moth- Galilee â€" This was to remind them of er of James, and Salome â€" Luke his promise to meet them in Galilee â€" - ten or twelve pounds each we have a speaks generally of the women who the scene of his glorious ministry, pretty gootl meat supply. Tf we want had come with him out of Galilee (23. But thoy had doubtless, in the confu- ^^ ^gj] j^em thev will "bring as much get a .set of tool and do their own Full instructions come with the instruments, and as the oper- To sell cockerels as broilers or to »"«-;•' is not a very painful one for the use them as broilers or fries gives ^'-^'kerel. there should be no hesitation , ^ 11 . _ „_„.;,...i„ (.^r. in attempting it if vou are at all nim- us but small returns comparatively, for ^^ ^ ^J' »_j ^ â- _ ^ _. ^ there is so little of rhem, but when we take a moderate sized flock, caponize them and grow them until they weigh ble of finger and have the ordinary set of nerves. .A,ny of the meat producing breeds will make good capons. They soon show a marked difference in their growth, and grow larger than cock- the ordinary broiler erels of the same age, weighing sev- 55), They were present at a distance sion of the last days, forgotten that nound as when the body was laid in the tomb, perplexing statement. "After I am ^ . / , „,^re than we often get for eral pounds more when fully grown. As the burial took place late Friday, raised up I will go before you into P^^;;"'â„¢"^ ^e o ge ^ ^^^^^^ ^ ^ before the commencement of the Sab- Galilee. (Mark 14. 28.1 summer tries. . .- j u » . â-  bath (sundown), and the care of the S. And they went out. and fled One of the best things about the and prelerreii^by many to turKey or body was not completed, on account from the tomb-^-True to nature. The capon meat supply is that it is stored goose. .\3 the capons never are of the Sabb.Hth. the women returned whole account is artless, honest, and g,, fj^,t_ ^nd is fresh meat cf the best quarrelsome, flocks of them can be as soon as the Sabbath was over to strong. Trembling and astonishment ^^ade whenever we want it. There is grown together, nor will cockerels or complete the final preparation. Bought h* come upon (hemâ€" Matthew (2S. „„ i,,,, ;„ *he keeoiiiff for the weight cocks bother them. .\ny left over spices- Aromatic herbs and ointments 8) tells us that this hrst impression "^ ,"^^^,,,^1 ,,„ .h, increase We have winter can be used for mothering for the cmba ment. This was un- of terror and mental confusion gave is *.on»tanti> on .iit iiurea^r, «<. ,),:,u. f„_ „.),;,.>, ,)„^„ i„, " like the Kgvptian embalment. for no place gradually to other feelings so been urscd and all but fon^ed to rear flocks of ch.ck». for ^^hlch they have incisions were made and only the sur- that they ran to bring tKe disciples a large poultry supply to enable us to excellent reputations, though I have face was cared for. wrord. release the pork and beef .supply for never seen one serving in that cnpa- 2. Very early, the first day of the It is maintained by biblical scholars ^j,p ^^^ ^f the armies in the field. This city, weekâ€" Our Sunday, The time is that the following verses (9-20) form " , - dAm S/oms carefully noted by all the evangelists no part of the original Mark Gospel and is to the effect that Saturday hut that they are of a very ancient night was just dying out and the first date and trustworthy material, added WOOL m^ Farmers who direct to u^ g« than farm^ general stor^ . Jay vfli»oi*jroii6& much foa i6i* Vf selUak nxa.% General Stoif SMOKE UK KK I IS T&B PLUG The Summer Cottage. i Busy Johnny chanced to peep , Within an ancient rubbish heap i That hold the things they cast away I Behind the barn on cleaning day. j "These grown-ups." said he. "are not I wise; I They often throw away a prize. i Now here is sonunhingi This, mayhap. j Will make a sling; perhaps a strap." I High on a broken cherry limb. In sheltered corner knowni to him, ' He hung his treasure out of view - A battered. l>roken, worn-out shoe! Then by and by, with merry song. Came Mistress Jenny Wren along. "Why, husband, dear," she called out thus. "Who built this handsome home for us. "With floor, and sides, and roof of leather. To fend our household from the weather? Besides a door that opens wide. Here is a window at the side!" •Why, bless me, yes!" said Mr, Wren. They got the furniture, and then Tbis joHy copula, free from care. This Jolly couple, free from care. streaks of dawn were rising on the darkness. .S, Who shall roll us away the stone â€" They do not seem to know that the authorities have sealed the tomb. The expression "roll away" literally is "roll up and back," since the circular flat stone was rolled up and back into an inclined groove and would have to be wedged so that it would not roll down again. This is the character of such a stone seen by the writer in a tomb near Jerusalem 4. Looking up- -While they were walking along and talking, they look- ed up toward the tomb and were amazed to see that the stone was roll- ed away. Mark says nothing of the to the Gospel soon after the original: draft was composed, ! 9, He appeared to Mary â€" Mark I little or no bulky food should be fe^I during the coui-se of treatment, and as the parasites are stupefied by worm remedies rather than killed, the ani- Many horses lose condition, or fail mal's bowels should be kept in an ac- CS .ilone mention.s that the first person ^^ make gains because they are infect- tive conditiorr so that the stupefied to whom Jesus appeared was ^lary She first ran to tell Peter, then re- turned to the tomb to receive the manifestation here recordeil. 10, Told them that had been with him as they mourned and wept -This discloses the condition of the discon- solate group of disciples in their ex- treme distress. 11, When they heard . dis- believed- It seemed utterly impos ed with worms. This is especially true worms may be passed out before they of cohs. Horses suffering from worms regain their -vitality, .\ well-salted generally have a good appetite, but bran mash once a day will generally apparently benefit little from the .food insure such an action, eaten. The following formula is a worn There may be no symptoms which remedy which is also of value as I point conclusively to worms, but this tonic: Powderevl nux vomica, two trouble is so common that if the colts ounces; powdered gentian root, four and horses are not doing as well as ounces; powdered areca nut, si.x ounc- sible. Nothing was further i-emoved they should for the feed given, a worm es; sodium chloride, four ounces: ar- froni their thoughts, IL was only remedy may prove of decided value, senious acid, two drams. Mix. after the most convincing and irre- i,i treating horses for worms, a noted Give one heaping teaspoonful to earthquake or _that an ange, had rolled ,Tr:igiWe tmn^f that they subsequently. .,.ete,.i,,^^^^^ ^^.^^ 250 pounds of weight, every awav the stone, as Matthew records nreached that he was risen from the, â-  â-  i .L » .u i_..~ i, r.»^.,.,» f^„,llo _ • i /â-  u . . --•-â-  Miir««.ii<ru ii-oi. >.>. "o. .- ^ : in mind that the drug IS meant tor tno morning and evening for about ten \vorm rather than the horse and should Jays, The medicine may be mixed Sox of Goese. therefore be given in as concentrated with ground foetl or sprinkled ovet . , , , , . . ,1 form as possible. To insure this, oats or corn which has been dampened. It IS almost impossible to ♦â- â- " " J). (28 5. Entering into the tomb â€" Luke agrees with Mark that the women en- tered the tomb and that they found not the boily of Jesus, Some of the rock-cut tombs in the vicinity of dead. iiocx from a gander. tell a They all look . Jeru'salem may be easily en_tered by a alike to most people. The (tanderj has a shorter, thicker neck than thej goose. The bag between his legs! is single, while ihat of the goo.<e is person standing erect The burial \ niches are in lateral chambers in I many places. j 6. He is risen; he is not here -The , resurrection is herp stated as an ac- ! compli.Oied fact. It has been suggest- ed that the "young man" may nave been no other than Jesus himself, in- i distinctly seen in the dimiy li|{hted sepulcheV by the women, who as yet had no thought of the (vi>;sibility of a resurrection Behold, the place where r\ The calf shows very quickly the ef- double. The gander's voice is high 'â-  fects of poor care, and this often oc- and thin. The goose has a deep bass j curs diiriiig the summer months be- voicc. The beak of the gander is cause of the pressure of other work, thicker; the under mandible is fuller; although it is really much easier to the under mandible of a goose is keep a cnlf thrifty in .lumnier than in shrunken around the nostril. Put a' winter. Calves grown on farms sliould flock of uncertain ganders into » p«n. ' have grass pasture provided for them and turn a strange dog in. The ^nn. | and should be fed some grain, prefer- skini-milk, you are preventing them obtaining butter-fat. which is a na- tural part of the food of a young ani- mal. You must replace this, insofar as it can be replaced, by the use oi a grain rich in oil, fed to the young ani- mal on grass, the grass itself taking the place of the butler-fat in nilk to a small extent. A calf grown upon skim- milk, grass, and a small amount of oats, will l>e a profitable, healthy, strong and rspidly growing animal onths '^''''s * stunted calf will re<iuire much they laid 'J^'". -J^:^;«;j«;,? "V'JHvi" ^iers will come forward rr:,dv lo f.ght ! ably oats, during the first five m . . ^ dencM al aroundTftt thVevenl had, ^vhi-c the geese will huddle in a cor of their life. Tn uk-fcig them from '""^^ /e<^ ^•';". ^vinter to get him Sdcen place. Th* place was empty, ner. | the cow and raising them by hand oa «'«'"**'l towards Jiaking g.Kjd gams,