The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

mmmm THE PLESHERTON ADVANCE. FARMING In this department each week will be given general information to farmers and stockmen. No attempt will be made to criticize the work already being done by Canadian farmers; but an effort will be made to present to the farmers of the country summarized information contained in government reports, and the actual experiences of men and women who have achieved success in farming by following modern methods. Farmers who have found new "wrinkles" or have made a success -n any special line of agriculture are invited to send short letters to this paper giving their experiences, or criticizing any of the information contained in these columns. Vegetable Growing CHINXSE CABBAGE. This vegetable is grown more as a novelty than for anything else, and >et in some sections it is grown for sale on the market. It resembUi s head of Coa Lettuce. It can be grown on any good garden soil. It may oe started in greenhouse or out of doors. Plants should be twelve inches apart in the row. It is advisable to use leaves before the seed stalk is formed. OHIVBS. This hardy crop is practically un- known in Ontario, and yet it is used extensively for davoring soups, etc. It helongs to the same class as onions, and is somewhat similar to them. This plant thrivea on any fertile soil. It is grown from bulbs planted 3 or 4 in a place, 15 inches apart in rows 16 to 18 inches apart. When established they will remain for a number of years. When planted early in the spring they can be used the following spring. Chives afe sometimes used as young onions, but most generally the tender young leaves are all that are used. tivated on a small scale because in this country the demand is not suffi- cient to warrant large acreages. Some growers make a specialty of sweet corn of a high quality and receive large re- turns from a considerable acreage. son.. Corn will grow readily on almost any soil, and it is generally the poorest land on the vegetable garden on which this crop is grown. It responds readily to heavy applications of manure, however. SUGAR BEETS. HOT PRICE MARK IN TIRE BUYING crrBONS. This vegetable is used entirely for preserving purposes. All kitchen gar- dens should have a few hills of this crop. Commercially it is not a money- maker. Any well enriched garden soil will produce good citrons. Five to ten seeds should be planted in hills 8 by 8 feet apart. Ordinary horse cultivation and hand hoeing are all that is necessary. Fruits are harvested in the fall and should be used as soon as possible, for decay soon sets in. COLI.ABDS. Collards resemble cabbage to some extent in the leaf, but the great differ- ence lies in the fact that collards never head. Leaves on an elongated stem form the edible part. Seeds should be sown iu early spring in rows 18 inches to 30 inches apart, and when the plants are 3 or 4 inches high they should be thinned to stand 12 inches apart. Col- lards are grown only in small gardens in this province. COBK. Sweet corn is grown on a small scale by all vegetable growers because there is a ready sale for it on all markets in its season and because it brings in returns early in the season. It is cul- SOWING SEEDS. The seed for e^riy corn is sown in hills three by two feet apart at a depth of one anil a half to two inches. The seed is usually planted with a hoe. .â- \. small hole is made, four or live seeds dropped iu and the earth then replaced and tramped down with the foot. For later plantings make hills four by three feet. CITLTIVATION. Ordinary cultivation with a scuffler Shortage of Sugar Supply and High Prices Warrant In- creasing Production. A recent bulletin by the Department Inlfjj^j, [)£ MlLlij of Trade and Commerce on the sugar | industry in Canada states that 204,017 tons of sugar beets was used in sugar manufacture in 1918. The cost of the beets at the works was $2,393,715, or $12.22 per ton. In 1918, Canada had 18,000 acres in sugar beets, which yielded 10 tons per ikcre, at a value of $10.25 per ton. In 1919, the acreage was increased to 24,- 500, the yield averaged 9.80 tons per acre, and the price advanced to $10.83 per ton. In 1919, sugar was approximately 11 cents per pound: at present, granu- lated sugar is 23 cents per pound and may be higher. The enormous demand for sugar, and the fact that Europe will not for some years produce any thing approaching her pre-war quota of sugar beets, promises to continue a serious shortage in the world supply. Conditions iu the beet-growing coun- tries^of Europe have materially chang- ed since the close of the war. Prev- iously, large holders of land devoted much of the acreage to beets. The large estates in Russia, Poland, Hun- gary and in many parts of Germany have been in many cases broken up into small holdings, which will be used by their new owners for growing other crops. The small farmers are not so well equipped with implements and tools, and the lack of fertilizers is also being severely felt. These conditions will have a serious bearing upon the productiou. There thus appears to be a good opportonity for Canada to again this year largely increase the acreage devoted to this crop. A by-product in the manufacture of For the Motorist and a good hoeiug not more than twice iu the season is all that is necessary for this crop. The first hoeing should j beet sugar is the residue known as beet be given to kill all weeds not killed pulp. When mixed with residual mo- by the scuffler, and the second to draw lasses, a byproduct of the refining pro- tlie earth up to the plants as well as cess, this beet pulp makes an excellent to kill weeds. Harveeting. To tell when the corn is ready for eating the ear is stripped a short way and if the kernels appear solid they are ready. The tassel becomes dark brown at this time. The ear is simply bent cattle food. A Rhubarb Reminder One may have rhubard much earl- ier than usual by placing a half-bar- rel with the bottom out, or a box with both top and bottom off, over tha down with a side twist which loosens ' clump early in spring. By covering it, and is removed from the stem very easily. Marketing. The ears are usually placed in bags when pulled and a certain number of dozens placed in each bag. It is taken to the local market in this way. Forcing. It has been found to be a paying proposition in a small way to plant two or three seeds iu a pot or berry box in the greenhouse and get the plants start- ed and grown to a height of from six to ten inches, and after hardening off iu cold frames to transplant in the field. It is claimed that by doing this ears will be ready for market a week earlier than when planted in the ordi- nary way. It would not pay to do this on a large scale, but with a few plants it might prove worth while to catch the very early market. MAEKETINa POULTEY. Five Points to Kemember When Baising Chickens for Market. (1) Have good stock to start with. (2) Keep the young stock growing every day by good teediug auJ pro- vided with comfortable quarters. (^o I Aim at producing the very best quality of chickens ou the market. Con- sumers are willing to pay well for quality. . ^4) Along with quality, kill, pick, muddy and impassable in bad weather, shape aud dress iu the neatest and by I The raiu prevents you from taking the most approved methods, customers tboso porkers to market that day and will come right to your doors. you wait. You might wait two or three (.5"! Grading of birds iuto sizes is | iiays. The market has fallen when you recommended. There should not be a ;jrrive. You are forced to sell your (iuiereuce of more than half a pound hog, cheaper or hold them. Holding between the birds in any one case. Uui- tii^m j^ taking a chauce that the mar- ket will recover or go down still far- ther. What you have lost by being compell- ed to stay home that rainy day â€" charge How Much Mud Tax Do You Pay? Do you count the cost to you of poor roads f Do you know that everv mud- hole iu your road to town costs you hard earned dollars and cents f As an e.xample, .vou have 10 hogs read.v for market auj vou are eager to get them there to take advantage of a high pork price. It rains and you are living on a poor road that becomes this with glass, taking care to pro vide vsntilation, or even with cheese cloth, the rhubarb from that clump will be fit for use a week or more sooner than the '.'lumps in the open. The stalk will be twice as long as those grown outside and more ten- der, even though quite spindly. .A. new rhubarb patch may be start- ed in the sprinp by planting divisions of the old roots. The plants should be set as soon as the weather is fa- vorable, about three feet apart each way. They should be set in well- prepared soil. The addition of a lib- eral amount of well-rotted manure worked into the soil will aid in secur- ing a heav>- crop. Few or no stalks should be taken from the plants the first season. If flower stalks appear they should be cut off, rather thau allowed to produce seed. Keep the patch well cultivated. As rhubarb is a perennial and therefore requires a permanent place, the patch should be located at one side of the garden or in some other convenient out-of-the-way ^ca- tion in order that it may not mter- fere with the annual gardening oper- ations. Expert Says Standard Makes Are Best in the Long Run. BY HIGH SPEED. Whenever a business dourishe.. there ' always spring up, as if overnight, doz- ens of cut rate shops which sell simi- lar products at such attractive prices ! that ready sales are made. We have today over one hundred legitimate tir»-' mauufacturiTs aud of this number per- haps fifteen supply practically the whole industry and all motorists. The ; smaller ones remaining and the cut- | rate shops, the •â- seconds'' shops, the \ rt-trea.i shops, tak,' care of wliat little '. business the legitimates do not handle. But tliat busiufss is ^jrowing and each year new motorists and even thousands of old ones buv ••clieap'' tires. I Value in Tires. Buying cheap tires is like looking around tor tlif cheapest doctor in the , neighborhood when some one is d.ving. The value you get from a tire is ex- pressed in cost per mile, not in cost [»'r nrc. At the outset then let it b*? S emphatically stated that the best tire will be found to be the cheapest in the end, that the man who looks for cheap, cut rate, obscure make tires can get i them, but his cost per mile will UBU- ally be higher thau that of the owner using standard make first grade tires. In every large city today there are. along motor row and sometimes away from the rmv, shops which display the I slogan: ••Standard makes 50 per cent, off." or something of the sort. The unwary is led to believe that Le will get standard tires at 50 per cent., or ;;o per cent, less than the branches of these reputable concerns can sell them. Entering some of these shops mot all of them do business on this scale), you may find that the tire has a name em- bossed upon it, but the name is strange to you. It might be Jones or Smith or some name you never heard of in connection with a tire. STANDABD TABLE OF TIBE PEESSTTSE. In order that readers of the automobile section may know the correct amount of air to carry in tires, a standard table for all makes of tires is printed: Urn Size. Inflation. •JSi3 60 lbs. :!0x3 tiO lbs. 32x3 To lbs. 34x3 70 lbs. 29x3 Uj .)() lbs. 30x3 ^ «>0 lbs. 31x3^! 60 lbs. 32x3i« 60 lbs. 33x3 h-j 60 lbs. 34x3 % 60 lbs. 36i3V!> 60 lbs. 3i)i4 70 lbs. 31x4 . 70 lbs. 40x4 70 lbs. 34x4 70 lbs. :!.jx4 70 lbs. 35x4»«j 70 lbs. 32x4 70 lbs. 33x4 70 lbs. 36x4 70 lbs. :;7x4 70 lbs. 32x4% 70 lbs. 33x41;; 70 lbs. 34x4»-" 70 lbs. TELEGRAPHERS TO MEET IN TORONTO Old-Time Association Will Hold Annual Convention During the First Week of Ex- hibition. LUBRICATION IS LIFE OF AN AUTO Film of Oil Must Be Provided Between All Surfaces That Work in Contact. The Old Time Telegraphers ' and His- torical .Association, at their Annual Re- union for 1919, held at Cleveland, Ohio, last September, decided to hold this year's gathering in Canada, and select- ed the city of Toronto as the place of ' meeting, Mr. George D. Perry, General I Manager of the G. X. W. Telegraph Co.. being elected president. At a meeting I of The Toronto Committee having th« preliminary arrangements in hand, Mr. I Thomas C. Fleming, of Xew York, Sec- I retarv and Treasurer of the Assoeia- ' tion, being present, August 31 and Sep- : tember 1 aud 2 were chosen as the dates i for the coming re-union. ' The Old Time Telegraphers ' and His- torical Association has met only once ' before in Canada since its organization j in IS'iO, that being in 1901, when it 1 held its reunion in Montreal. A record ' not only for attendance, but also for ; hospitality and good fellowship, was set at that time which admittedly has I never been surpassed in the Associa- tion's history, but the Toronto Old Tim- ers are fully resolved to make the 1920 gathering equal, if not excel, that held I in the rival Canadian city 19 years I ago. To this end they purpose solicit- ing the co-operation of every telegraph- ; er and ex-telegrapher in the Dominion j who may be eligible for membership. The requirements for this, as set forth j in the form of application for mem- bership, are as follows: Any person in good standing who, 25 years prior to the date of making this application, was employed in the tele- graph service and thereafter for nv^ years, shall upon payment of $2 yj initiation fee of $1 and annual dues of $1) be eligible to membership. Much interest has already been mani- fested by the telegraph fraternity all over the United States, as well as throughout Canada, in the approaching reunion in Toronto, and as this has the added attraction of falling in the first week of the world-famous Cana- dian National Exhibition, there is every The life of your engine and car de- pends upon lubricatiou. The principle of lubrication is to prevent an.v two pieces of metal that are working one one against the other from touching. This is accomplished by having a film of oil between these two metals. Upon this lilni of oil depen^is the life of all | expectation of a large attendance of your bearings, cylinders, pistons and ; members and their families. Extensive rings. , and elaborate arrangements are being Fast running over heavy and hilly . planned for the entertainment and You are told roads uses up oil much faster thau city ggmfort of the visitors. however that it is a standard make I driving. Put in an extra pint of oil â-  and that the Smith companv is one of everv hundred miles or so. This pre- „,, , . u the largest in the business. Or vou I caution will avoil trouble with bear- , type^. The latter is the more economi- might be told that the tire is made" bv ings or cvlinders. i «»'' «^^''°.g â- """â- Â« ^'K*" ^°\ t'**."'"* C"" one of the large makers, but simply i Every " 10,000 miles, the oil in the ""«. so it pays to spend a little more branded differently. It is not. Kep- i crank case should be drained off and a } "' them. th B Ih utable makers take pride in stamping ] fresh supply poured in. After drain- watcB tne Bulbs, their name on the tire. ' ing. dush the crank case with kero- j Headlamps are often so connected Some tire manufacturers do a good ; sene through the breather pipe and re- that when the switch is thrown to part of their regular business with ' fill with clean oil. Be absolutely sure! "dim'' the bulls are in series owing that all the kerosene is drained off, i to the use of a series connection. When otherwise it will mix with the fresh oil and will cut down its lubricating qualities. formity and quality should go together to ensure the best results. QAKAQE FLOOR. The average car owuor may uot know to poor roads! tha^â- â- a lave7of cinders six inches thick ! How much • •Mud Tax do you pn.v makes a verv satisfactorv fioor for the | The same otteu happens m wheat, Tome garage, ^rhe cinders should be corn, ,ny thing the farmer sells m the thoroughlv tamped down, a hose being nearby market. used To "wet them down during the Less time is spent oueratiou. This floor absorbs grease, ^oa oi and gasoline tt^'^.^^'-".;^';:,^ i^^ ';:r::::u^7''iorL:^:^r^ T^ the mechanism and it is, moreo.er, prat ^^^^^ l^_^^ i„.,.roved with gravel and the present hauling on good It was found that tically dustless. 4.f you STOPPING A LEAK. have a leaky radiator or an cost is 13c per ton-mile. On a poor road, a farmer hauling his pro- duce to town is forced to sit a longer time in the driver's seat, taking time obstinately leaking pump packing aau , j^^j might be put to more profitable use a suiall amount of shellac to the de- ^^^ ^^^ farm. Travel on a good road uatured alcohol used in the autifrecz- [ j^ fast^,,, with '.ess effort for the horse, ing solution. The shellac may also be | ^^^ ^ lesser consumption of gasoline for used in summer iu the plain water with , ^ truck, than over muddy roads, wiiich the cooling system is filled dur- Therefore dairy farmers living on Phosphated Manure That sta'l manure and acid phos- phate constitutes one of the most effec- tive fertilizer combinations known is brought out iu a new bulletin on "The Maintenance of Soil Fertility" recent- ly issued. The Experiment Station in testing manure and fertilizers has se- .â- urod an average yield of corn of 67 bushels per acre for 21 years, or an increase of 35 bushels over the yield j where no manure nor fertilizer has ' been used. 1 The corn crop was grown in a rota- tion of corn, wheat and clover. lae I manure applied in this case had been re-enforced in the stables at the rate of 40 pounds of acid phosphate per ton of manure. Eight tons was applied to the clover sod iu the winter before it was plowed down for corn. The experiments show that manure loses much of its fertilizing properties wheu allowed to be leached by rains and also that manure needs re-euforce- meut with phosphorus to be most effective. From this application of manure and acid phosphate there has also been an average increase of 15 bushels of wheat and 2,500 pounds of clover hay over the untreated plots iu the rotation, the wheat aud clover following the corn without any further manuring or fer- tilizing. these concerns, making up tires with anv nanle the dealer wants embossed on the side. Some factories market tires through various channels of trade and sell as many as six different brands of tires, and these may all be of the same stock and design, yet differing in list price. The list is really a joke, because the tires never are sold at list at all. If the tire is listed at $50 you are told .vou get 50 off and you pay $25, which is perhaps more than the tire is worth. Taking Chances. Then there are the •"seconds" to be considered. Practically every manu- facturer of tires has a certain number of "rejects" which he disposes of iu tlic best wa.v possible. These re.ieets are bought up by dealers, who purchase in large lots. Included with the re- jects are â- "ohl" tires or those which have remained in stock or ou shelves for a long time. When you buy a "second" you take a chance, and if you like to gamble, buy scicouds. Suen a tire may last ten miles or it ma.v run 7.0011. It the tire blows out in a short ! time you lose, though I have known ! of some dealers in this class of goods ' who guarantee a certain reasonable ; mileage. If you can get a guarantee I from a dealer whose word you can :ic- I i-f|it and the price is right figure the cost per mile on a basis of the mile- age mentioiied and compare it with the I cost of a first grade tire made by a j reputable concern. There is another class of tire shop which liaudles useil tires which they pick up from dealers along motor row, from junk shops where cars are turned in with one or two prt'sentabic casings. from owners who have a few spare tires and then bnv other cars with tiffcrent size tires, eti'. The oul.v bad feature about having a second hand casing is that yon eou't tell how far it has run, or how much running is left in it. You can't tell by looking at it or oven examining it closely. .V fabric break mav not be visible, and GIVEiYOUR LIGHT BULBS EVERY CARE Know Your Car So As To Buy Bulbsllntelligently â€" Poor Bulbs No Good. Lamp bulbs, though they constitute but a small part of the car, are never- theless very important, and those who have been unfortunate enough to be caught without a spare and no garage , marked 6 in series connection if one lamp burns out the other will not bum. In series wiring only one is used. In parallel wiring two wires are used, and this is ' the connection employed when the lamps are burning brightly. You may find that when â-  ' dim ' ' is used one lamp will burn brighter than the oth- er, especially when the engine is stopped. This is due to differing re- sistance in the bulbs and a change of bulb sometimes remedies the trouble. May Bum Out. If you put a six volt bulb in a twelve volt circuit you will burn out the bulb. It will flare up for a sec- ond and burn out. If you put a three- volt bulb iu a six volt circuit the same thing happens. If you put a twelve- volt bulb ill a six-volt circuit the bulb burns verv dimlv. All bulbs are "8. 12â€" "iti or 3 â€" i. This for niilfs will forever believe the lamp means that the lower figure is the volt- bulb as important as the storage bat- i ^g^ at which it is designed to oper- tery. There is no more exasperating I ate, but it will stand the higher volt- moment than when you fuss around • age without burning out. tiying to put a bulb in a socket and the lu many cars the dash lamp and tail bulb won't fit: or you have a bulb with lamp are connect»d in series, that is a single coutact base and the socket ^^e wire is used to connect the two 1 calls for a double contact base. Or \ lamps, the circuit being completed by j perhaps your car is titted with a twelve j â- Â» ground connection. In this case, or I volt system and you have a six volt anv case where there is a series con- iug the hot months. ON PARKING, Iu drawing up to the curb it is unimproved roads pay tremendous mud taxes for every day the farmer selliug ^^^^^^^ milk has to market his product and i J^i'"'JiationaIitv of the child s everv two days or three at most •*• â-  the such a break may cause a blowout in The English law is that a child born | a t'cw miles. in England or within the British do- j Retreads are in another class. One minions is a British subject, whateve? | tiriii I imdcrstaiid was in the business parents. I spare â€" blowout. It should be the duty j of every automobile owner to carry spare bulbs, and also know that he is I carrying the right kind, for hcad- ' lamps, tail light, diish, etc. He should : also carry spare fuses of the right kind [and made for his ear. The bulbs and fuses shouM be kept in a special car- rier, otherwise you won 't have the I bulbs very long and the fuses • -innot be found even by a process server, 1 Throwing bulbs around is not the best thing in the world for them, even though the moilern bulb can stand a j little puuishuieut. Door pockets and i other receptacles should not be used I for storing bulbs or fuses, .\ny supply store will show you a bulb carrier, sell I vou the proper bulbs and fuses and make ,vour lighting worries less. Enow Tour Car. wise to run the front wheel flush I one selling butterfat must travel from against the curb. When this is done it ' farm to market. is often impossible to turn the wheel , How much mud tax do you pay I in making a start. In case this hap- j pons the best way to get out of the fix | U to put the jack under the centre of She sprau the front axle aud raise it a few inches heart THE THISTLE. , she grew, she fenced care. her with Ostriches are the largest feathered creatures existing, and one of these birds will sometimes measure eight feet in height and weigh three hundred pounds. in .\ustralia, are suffocated in millions You ought to know enough about i>t actually manufacturiug retreads and ' your car so that you can buy bulbs in- j selling them to owuers as new casings, j telligeutly. You must know the volt- .\s a matti-r of fact an old tire carcass ^ agd of the system. Nearly all are six ' properly retreaded ma.v from the ex- ; volts now, but some use twelve and The tread 1 some older cars eighteen or twenty-four i 3 candle power. Sometimes 0â€" S volt ;ood is a i volts. In some cars a twelve volt sys-U candle power bulbs are used on the the tread j teni is divided and six volts used for car. terior look like a new tire, may «eei;i now. bat what tread? Iu the first place, merely protects the fabric. The fabric the real tire. Secondly, there are uection, if oue bulb burns out the oth- er iu series will not burn. Where such connection is used and ono bulb burns out oue mav use the burned out bulb to get light at the good bulb. Break the glass. I refer to the fairly stiff wires, that stick out of the central piece of glass. I refer to the fairly stiff wires not the filament wire. This completes a circuit and allows one bulb to burn. Look for Short Circuit. If a fuse should burn out and the cause is found one ma.v merely connect the parts into which the fuse fits, u.sing a piece of wire or a small piece of metal. If the cause is not found this should not be done. If you carry spare that "niucli ''i^es aud a new one burns out quickly don "t install another until you find out where the trouble lies. Look for a short circuit. Headlamps are usually 6 â€" 8 volts, 16, 21 or 36 candle power, dash and tail lamps arc either 3^-4 volts or 6 â€" $, the former being for series connection and the latter for parallel. They are of and thou push the c;ir away ftom the ^ Blooming, she lured the Bee to find her : \)y the aborigines, and, separated from ^rood treads aud bad ones, and the mo- curb and off the jack. The small drop fair, their wings, pressed iato cakes and torist cannot tell what he is getting will not hurt the car, and it will send | She died . , . aud all to cast a little women who make a 'business of in- by looking at the tread. This is not the wheel far enough away from the : seed j venting cable codes for large financial a condemnation of retreading, because curb to permit start iiii;. Adrift upon the air. houses and merchants dealing in over- a carcaas is livorth retrea,iing. wh lighting. Y'ou must know those things to know the type of bulbs to bu.v. The Mrs. Proudman â€" Willie got '•meri- candle power also is important to know, torious commendation" at school last When .vou go into a shop for bulbs be ! week. ready to tell the type, whether single' Mrs. 'Bull â€" Well, well! .\in't it or double contact: the voltage and awful the number of strange diseases vacuum or nitrogen that's sttacking our school children! HOME SWEET HOME by Jack Wilson USTEM.VOONQ MAN.VACATlOH T)*S Ve^R IS GONNA MEAN MORE ^>^^N veAR'.-Trs7(i*e You STARTeOTOBE OP SOME MeLP To Me ANO VOOR M0TH€R - 1 WANY You Tt> Mow TWe tAWN TV/ice CACH vweex - KEEP Txe •OftNovnoH^ cot out -TEEP -TXe CrtCKENs ^^rw»ce APAV- Hoe ;(4TrteGA»?oeN-ANo;