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^p â- â- IIP THl riMtaOMTOn ADVAMCn. I CURRENT COMMENT Suicide and Sel<F Determination. If nothing el«e has come of Lord Mayor McSwiney'g huuger strike, it has wrved to demonstrate the difference of opinion that develops over any new and unusual action. The illogicality which ha« been charged against the English by Irishmen has been very reasonably charged back on Irishmen by the English in this instance. McSwiney and the Irish contend and assert that a state of war exists between Ireland and England, and that under this state of war it is legitimate to kill and slay policemen, officers, officials of the crown and private citir^ens. When the government arrests the promoter^ of these evil deeds and they determine on suicide by starvation, these illogical Tnsh claim civil rights and accuse the British Government of murder. Mr. Lindsay Crawford, for example, as "provisional president of the National Executive," noUfied the Secretary of State at Ottawa that the "Irish tbrougliout the Do- minion" organized as a " Self-dcernunation League of Canada," will the British Cabinet guilty of murder if McSwiney should die in prison i, sufficient to state the case to exhibit the folly of Crawford and his self- determinists The Marquis of Aberdeen, former Governor-General of Canada and Viceroy of Ireland, knows the potential folly of Irishmen like Craw- ford and allowed for this in advising the British Government to release Mc- Swinev who would undoubtedly be regarded by millions of persons like Craw- ford 88 a hero and a martyr. To release the prisoner without demonstrating to these millions their folly is to strengthen them in their folly. Father Bern- ard Vaughan differs from some other members of his church as regards a hunger- striker who dies from his act as a suicide, and declared he would not feel entitled to administer the rites of the church to one so deliberately dying. Lord Bcavcrbrook went to the heart of the matter in pointing out the unrea- sonableness of dilating on the grief of McSwiney 's relati^•.â- 3, while not a word of sympathv is uttered for the desolate widows and helpless orphans of the peceprin ireland who have been shot down in cold blood by the Sinn Fein^ P *^ --.c-u_„... uf the Sinn I'mn movement m its hold It en The underlying hate and selfishness o: aTest developments has entirely robbed it of the sympathy it undoubtedly Ittracted at its inauguration in 1906. Otherwise we might ask if England Las anv right to interfere with McSwiney 's self-determination. curi'y want Victory Loan Bonds. Those who bought Victory Loan bonds are in some cases vexed «bout ^h"^ reduction of the official transfer price. There is no occasion for ^^^V^^^^^ Every bond bought is in each case good for its lace value, as stated. It . cn-.Hn the case of those who wish to sell their bonds before they mature that aJ. ount ha. to be met. The best of property, real estate or any other se- ' T r^u'ect to fluctuation under forced sale. As for those who do no 'to sell their bonds, they may even be pleased at the reduction and the opportunity it affords of buying more. Government bonds offering o to i>A Iclt are a valuable investment, and if there is any better security known rfinlnciers they are not telling about it. In a few years these bonds will ppr Ite n v7.u and the high rate of interest they offer to present i. estorsmust tempt everyone with a bank account. Since the close of th Lst loan it is stated, $135,000,000 worth of bonds have changed hands. If ome p"'p ound it neces;ary to sell, there were as many anx ous to tuy^ Th" e win be a lot of loose money in Canada after this year s harvest. He wiU be a wise man who takes no chances with speculative stocks, but quietly TnvLa: Ui armany Victory bonds as his surplus will permit. They ..U never worry him. - DOWN WITH A CRASH . i WHT THE POCKET KOTPE COSTS MOKE MOKBT. A good pocket knife, sajrs the American Cutlery Bureau of In'"""*" tion, cosU possibly twice as much today as before the war, but the advanc* in price is not representative of the actual increase in the cost of producing s first-class pocket knife. Crucible steel used for the blade is costing today 129 per cent, more than before the war, while spring steel, used for the spring action, has increased 100 per cent. German silver and brass are offered at varying rates, with increases from 100 per cent, in the case of German silver and 150 per cent, for brass against pre-war rates. - , ,, »• So-called patent stag, used for the making of handles, is costing 150 per cent, more, while genuine-stag has increased 100 per cent. Ebony costs today four times its pre-war price and sinular pnee increases have been witnessed in the case of other woods used for knife handles. Advances in the ease of perlmut are 100 per cent., buffalo horn 200 per cent., and celluloid is quoted at approximately three times its previous But the most important increases have taken place in the cost of labor, because labor enters into cutlery production at a much higher rate than in the case of other industries. It is a peculiar fact in this respect that semi-skilled and unskilled labor has been mostly benefitted by the wage increases, with the result that between 125 to 200 per cent, has been added to the wages of these groups of helpers, whUe the highly- skilled operations are paid at fully double the pre-war rates. For the Motorist 7 HE BRAIN BOX CONDUCTED BY E. GUNN RAMSAY. Registered According to the Copyright Act, Ignorance and Deceit and Taxes. K remarkable outcome of the revolutionary movements in Europe is to fce observed in the revolt of the German workmen against ^'>'= P"^'"â„¢*/; ^"^ come ux. Germany now has a republican form of government, and the taxes Irr levied by the people themselves. So ignorant are the Germain workmen tie i^inciples of government, or so strongly have they imbibed the preju- dice which sets all labor men on the European continent agaius\ all govern- ments, that they have refused to obey their own popular edicts m this im- Tort^t and primary matter of taxation. Whether it be -admitted or not as o many hold! that direct taxation is the fairest form of taxation it must be allowed that it is the form in which the taxpayer is most directly conscious of the demands made upon him. The German laborer would pay dollars through tariff taxation where he is paying cents through income levies, and would never dream of objecting, but to pay directly to the government out of his own wagi^ for the intangible blessings of police, law courts, a prime minister and such luxuries, does not touch his patriotism at all. It is this lack of intelligence on the part of the masses of a nation that makes democratic government dil- ficult If everyone worked and contributed proportionately from his income it is conceivable that a perfectly just tax systam could be levied on that basis. But when the wealthy and powerful withhold the facts of their abundi.nce und set the example of false returns, and when the man with a large tamily ha^ to pay as much as the man with a small family or none, disBatisfaction may be guaranteed. The efforts made in all civilized countries like Canada to adjust such inequalities have been partially successful, but ignorance and deceit are two stubborn obstacles to a just system of taxation. Provincial P. R. A meeting of the special committee appointed by the provincial govern- ment to consider the adoption of proportional representation was held at the parliament buildings and those present were addressed by Mr. Konald Hooper, the secretary of the 1'. B. Society of Canada. Mr. A. S. Winchester, who had been sent to Winnipeg to study the operation of the 1'. K. system at the Mani- toba election, also spoke and reported that there were fewer spoiled ballots by the new method than by tho old, the proportion being a.f) for the old a"d only 1 72 for tho new. Mr. T. Marshal, Liberal member for Lincoln, thought there was no demand for it outside the cities. It is considered by some that vvhilo tho V. y. U. platform endorses 1'. K., now that the Farmers arc lu power they will not pass a 1'. H. measure. Such iiii opinion ci)iil<l only be held by those who do not understand the principle on which 1'. li. based. An iinusuul ton- junction of circumstances coiiibiuL-il in tho election a year ngii to permit ii minority party to obtain control of the situation. Such a combination need never be expected again. Tho regular olil lino parties arc gathering their forces and tho farmers ar likely, under the old election methods, which are not designed to favor minwities, tp bo consiUerubly reduced in relative importance ta tho Legislature. Thi- auti Uyilro i)olicy, as it appears to the country, winch has been adopted in tho uppointment of a hostile coinniission, has considerably abated tho enthiisiaHin of early supporters of Hon. Mr. Drury's administra- tion. Mr. Drury is not likely to repeat the uustake of the Hearst govern- ment, which, by refusing to adopt 1'. H., prepared the Way for its own ex- tinction. A further meeting will be held on October au. Need For Architecture. An important jirinciple was enuiuiation ut the ((invention of the Ontario Associations of Architects recently held in London. Architects do not, as a rule, become prominent citizens, und while Sir (.'hriBto])lier Wren and laigo .lones are known to nil, so is Mr. I'ecksnifF, and probably more intimately than the other two. Yet architecture is one of tho greatest of the arts and the work of the architect outlasts all other human eflorts not excepting the engin- eer's. Among the wonders of the world the work of architects holds a lead- ing place. Jt is obvious then that the genius of the architecture must have a wide influence on human affairs and on tho liuinnn mind. A nunlern tin- dency has been to mix urchitecturn und engineering, and there is n iilaee where the two professions may very well co-operate as in the construction (.f the splendid new bridge at I'eterboro. Col. MetirifTin expressed the other view when hb said, "If you fellows want to be iiidiiHtrial engineer.^, nil right; go ahead and bo industrial engineers. Hut this country is growing, and the taste of the people .is being changed. They want something beautiful, and some- body that can give it to them, nnd the fellow who works hia heart out figur- ing out the strength of u column for fnctorics is not going to be able to do that work." The Association had to prepare the way for belter things, he thought. Architecture has suffered much at the hands of tho speculative build- er. When a man has a house built for himself he would lind it worth his while, and a real assistance to the development of dome«tic architecture in Canada, if ho would enlist the services of n competent architect to holp him embody his ideas of a homo in a permanent form of beauty. The telling value of a beautiful and well designed house, which must of course he n ro'>niy and convenient one, is very much higher than that of an ugly nnd ill-designed oae costing the same. But the influence on the neighborhood and on the peo- ple who see a beautiful house is e<]iially important, and its influence is as per- manent and attractive as the inflnence of the ugly house is enduring and repelUnt. Mr. Workman, O allj'e workers with the hands, ye brain toilersâ€" are you free ? Mr. Employer, you who supervise and direct others to carry out the work of your factories and shopsâ€" are you free! If you are free, what is free domf Freedom, my friend, is too often iit these days, a much abused word. Men have died for the sake of free- dom. We need to-day more men who will live for it. Men who will live nciord- ing to the light of true freedom, the very essence of which consists in the recognition of the rights of others. Does your idea of freedom, your freedom of which you so proudly boast, measure up to t h is fâ€" "recogni- tion" of the rights of others! There are a good many side shows seeking to attract men and women in the arena of this old world day by day. As we walk along thu highway of life, there is so much that is ar- resting and spectacular to challenge our attention. Every one hangs out the sign, "This way. FoUow the crowd" and ho that is simple, and hu that is slow of thought, und he that is ensnared with a mistaken notion of "freedom" turns aside â€" andâ€" fol- lows. "1 am free," he says, "I will do as 1 choose!" Yetâ€" he foUows the crowd like a sheep to the slaughter and knows not that the chains are about him. Tho crowd of popular opinion upon this or that subject, the sway of the big men who organize the lockouts and disorganize society, all get their following of foolish ones. If it were the "following" of a mited elTort to work upon some "con- structive" reform, if it were the Idl- Ic'viiij; liy reason of desire to "co-oper- !ito " for unity and good fellowship, the spirit of freedom would be evident. You may go on strike, refuse to work, or temporarily stop in your trades for the sake of helping a weaker trot her and be a man of freedom in njirit and in truthâ€" hut if you strike only at the bidding of another, while your own Inner consciousness does not urge you to such a course, â€" your boast- ed freedom Is a delusion and deceit. You have simply made a change from one form of slavery to another. Are you really free? We become slaves to ideas, to habits. The man who is most truly free can- not be bought by a job, by flattery, or by a pay envelope. Employers become enslaved by old i(.lea8 and traditions, reforms which might revolutionize their industry, or purchase greater comfort for tlieir workers, are set aside from a mistaken sense of the importance of old routine. They are not free to act, entramelled with the chains of past customs and ideas; they still loudly assert their "freedom" to act .is they please, 'j'lioiigli deep down in their hearts tho best side of them calls for and sees the need of some reform, other cou- sulerations hold them fast. True freedom must not be confound- ed with Ucense nor obedience to sane laws mistaken for slavery. Much of the boasted freedom of to- day is merely license, reason gone ustray. Arc you really free ? As you go back to your desk, to your workshop, to your office, face up tho (,uestion. By tho memory of all who have died, by the penalties of past mis- takes, made in the name of " freedom", (.0 not sell yourself anew. These times call for men of flriii mettle, but they must be free from selfish aims. .\ re vou free ( 6ENT RIH8 CAUSE TIRES TO BLOW OUT FREftUEMTLY Bent rims are a direct cause of rim cuts, of tires blowing from the rim, end of the breaking of the wire cables at the base of the tire. Often times motorists cannot understand why tires should "blow" when they are driving along slowly. The facts of the case pre that the overstrained carcass has r.-ached the limit of its endurance from previous abuse and has given away. Many motorists, were they to exam- lue the wheels on their cars, would be surprised to notice that their rims are bent along the edges.y These bent rim Canges are ordinarily little thought of, yet they cause a goodly percentage of tire trouble. When the wheel hits a frog or a switch of a street ear track or a hole in the road, there is a tendency to flat- ten the rim, especially if the tirn is underinflated. The rim's support, how- ever, is essential to the life of the tire. If it is bent so that it does not fit the tire and allows the side walls to bulge, the motorist may know that trouble ia to be expected unless he lakes immediate precautions. By truing up their rims, motorists, according to rim experts, may pre. ent p.uch tire trouble. And half the pleas- ure of motoring is freedom from tire 1 rouble. A good rule to follow is to have both tires and rims inspected fort, nightly. When the rim trouble is found, it may usually be corrected by careful tapping with a ball hammer. To guard against such a condition, keep out of car tracks and holes where the depression allows the weight of the car to rest on the rims. It is also advisable to avoid quick, slanting jolts of the wheels a^iinst curbs. Es- pecially is it important to carefully cross intersections of car tracks. TIRE CODE Keep the tires properly inflated. Be sure to repair little cut threads regularly. Prevent blowouts by avoiding severe jolts. Have mud boils cleaned out and repaired at once. Be careful m placing tubes. Avoid sudden starts, . quick stops and skidding. Use talc in capings, but not too much. Keep out of ruts and car tracks. Apply chains properly and take them off as soon as the need tor them is gone. Kemove grease, oil and acids from your tires at once by using cloth moistened with gasoline. Examine clincher rims occa- sionally for irregularities and rust. Carry spare tubes in a bag. Keep spare tires covered. J HAVE YOU A LITTLE ROPE IN YOURXAR ? EARLY JOURNALISTS. James Qordon Bennett First Printed News of Day. The modern newspaper, as we know it, may bo fairly said to have been the invention of Janus Gordon Beu- mtt, the elder. Itefore him there were journals, not newspapers. . he had developed the news sehcuie in ;:ind, though not in tho degree that we see so elaborate and resplendent in New York and other of the lead- ing centres of population. Mr. lien- iiett had led ii vugfuut and vuried life wh. 11 he started the Herald. He had l:> en many things by turns, iucludiiig a writer of verses and stories, but nothing very successl'ul nor very long. At length he struck a central idea -a really great, origiuiil idea -the idea of printing tho news of the day, cum- prising the History of Yesterday, fully und fairly, without fear or fnvoi. He was followed by Greeley and ItayuHiiul making a curious and very dissimi liir triumvirate â€" and, at longer range, iy I'rentice and Forney, by Bowles mill Dana, Storey, Medill und Hal stead. All were marked men; Greeley, a writer and propagandist; Kaymond, r, writer, dedaimer and politician; I'rentice, a wit nnd partisan; Dana, a scholar and an organizer; Hnwles, a man of both letters and affair. Tho others were men of all work, writing and lighting their way to the front, tut possessing the "nose for news," uf'ing tho Bennett formula and re si ript as the basis of their serious ef- forts, and never losing sight of it. I'orney had been a printer; Medill nnd Storey were caught young by the lure cf printer's ink. Kowlea was born nnd reared in the office of the JSpring- flrld Kepublicnn, founded by his fath- er, and Halstcad, a cross betwixt a pack horse and a race horse, was brok- en to harness before he was out of his teens. â€" Henry Watterson in " 'Mane Henry,' an Autobiography." WHEN BRAKES ARE DANGEROUS. In descending long, steep hills, if the brakes are applied so that the wheels cannot turn, the car is apt to skid in a most precarious manner. Un- der such conditions tire chains with cross chains on every link and a traus- F.ission brake form the best method of descent. ABOUT CANADA Toronto, the New Jerusalem With all tho talk of Zionism and tho return of the Jews to i'alestino, it must nut bo forgotten that Toronto is tho New Jerusalem for so many of the C'hosen People that they require a dozen synagogues in which to wor ship. Whether tho twelve synagogues have any relation to the twelve tribes has not trauspircdj but as far as can be learned there are more Jews iu Toronto than there are in Jerusalem. A generation ago two syiuigoguea were siiflieieat for tho needs of tho Hebrew citizens, but today they number so many that they have overrun the whole eentral district known as "The Ward,'' crossed I'niversity avenue, one side of which is theirs, spreiij westwards to Spadina nnd permeated this district and as far as Bathurst. In the eastern ilirecliiin there has been much prog- ress made also in Judaizing the streets, and Kosednle, one of the fashionable suburbs, has become the residence of many of the wealthier members of the race. The Jews make admirable citi- zens, the only objection made to thorn being that they are clannish. This, however, has practically been forced upon them. They are a highly benev olent nnd charitable people, are moat law-abiding and industrious, and they look after their less successful breth- ren so well that no appeal to outer charity over comes from this quarter. Tho Jews arc successful in every line of life, but recently they have been specializing in dramatic and moving picture art, in the latter with distin- guished results, as the Allen houses tes- tifv. A dark and stormy night. Near midnight and raining. A short circuit and no lights, no hom and a dead r.otor. A mile away from home and no relief in sight. Friend Wife wor- ried and also Friend Husband. Sud- denly a familiar car appears and stops, end ain 't it a grand sr.d glorious feel- ing! There 's no chance to go home under your own power, but perhaps jou can get a tow. Bat Friend Friend hasn't any tow rope; neither have you, and again gloom. Suddenly you remember your tire chains and the towing problem is solved. Y'ou get home safely, but you immediately register a vow never to go out again, even in the city, unless you have some sort of a tow lope tucked away under the back seat. MATHEBIATICAL PRODIQY. Jerry Kuntz, aged eight, who re- sides at Philadelphia, displays a pas- t-ion and phenomenal ability for every- thing numerical and mathematical. The boy 's parents learned of his re- uarkable talent for figures before he T.'as three years old, and as he grew older his mathematical ability devel- oped with such astounding rapidity that they, fearing that the rest of his f,fcneral intelligence might suffer, had him placed in a "special" school where mathematics are prohibited as far as Jerry is concerned. Few women have left Canada such a record for heroism as Laura Soccrd, the brave lady who saved the British in 1813 when a large American force were at the point of making a danger- our onslaught. She was a woman of thirty-eight years and the mother of fve children. Yet she made a walk of twenty-nine miles all one day and part of tho night, wandering in the I ush lest she fall into the hands of the Uni- ted States in^'aders. Her husband was sick when she learned the plans of the enemy. At once she saw there was no way to get any warning to the British unless she took it herself, so she start- ed on her patriotic mission. At night she wandered into touch with a hand of loyal Indians to whom she managed to make known the situation. Thev took her at once to the British ofl'icer in command of the troops near at hand. 8hc warned him of the impending at- tack and he in turn at once took pre cautions to meet it. When the Ameri- cans advanced they were met by a furi. (US fire from British and Indian troops hidden among the trees-«nd a number of American soldiers were killed. They were unable to find the enemy in the woods and so their force was thrown iuto great confusion. At this point the British sent out a white flag offer ing to accept the surrender of the invading party. The Kritish officer i ad only seventy-five men in addition tc his Indians and he received the sur- render of 25 officers and over 520 men of the rank and file with two cannons and two loads of stores for the guns. •Tho incident was » very bitter one for the Americans, but it acted as a torrific incentive to t^e British for future warfare. In llezioo and Slam judge, jury and lawyers all smoke in court, if they wish t, while a ease is being heard. Even the prisoner is not deprived of his cig- arette or cigar. It is a fact well authenticated that corsets were originally adopted, not for comfort or health, but to conceal phys- ical defects. In one of the big hotels in New York 12 men are employed eight hours a day cleaning the 12,000 pieces of table silver. Arabic coins have a sentence from the Koran, and generally the Caliph's name, but never an image. The History of YourlName CAMFBELI.. Variations â€" Beauchamp, Beecham. Badal Origin â€" Norman French. Source.â€" A locality. Campbell is one of those names which we are accustomed to think of Es essentially Scottish; and so it is if we restrict our consideration of it to the history of that particular spell- ing. It is not a native Scottish n.ime, however, notwithstanding the fact that it is approximately 800 or 9^C years since it was transplanted hcio, and that it is clearly traceable through the prominent part played by the olan in tho history of that land so far back as the thirteenth century. But in another form it was a farailv name even before that time. It wps tie descriptive name borne by one of lieutenants of William the Conquerot, when he invaded England from Nor- mandy, and simply was tho name of that warrior's estate in Northern France, "Campo Bcllo," or "beauti- ful field." Being tho name of a noble- man, it rapidly became cryatal!=/.ed iiito a family name De Oampobel'o. When the Norman invasion reiche up into Scotland, a member of this fam dy received large grants of lanit. lliis was in the thirteenth century, siuce which time the family and the" fol'.nv- inx it acquired ha3 from the very stset become as Scottish as any of the clans which trace back to pre-histoi'.c days. In the developrn'-ii: of tat French language since tho time of Will"!-.!, the Conqueror, "cnrj'o" has bocoue ''champs" and "betlo" has become fhamp which was brought over to Eng- land later and which also developed with the progress iu tho b'rench lan- guage from the original name of I>e Campobollo in England. But the Eng lish pronunciation has corrupted it from Beauchamp into "Beecham," which is the reason that it is some- times found in that spelling. Mildew on leather comes off if it is rubbed with vaseline on a flannel cloth.