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^v\ \ f« » J t 1 THE PLESHBRTON ADVANCE. The Quiet Observer Secret of Cheap Power Apparently the flat rate fallacy for the sale of Hydro power will not down. It was revived at the meeting of the Ontario Municipal Electric As- sociation at Hamilton, of all places, and the delegates asked for an ex- planation as to why it was not pos- sible. For the same reason that a flat rate for railway tickets is not. It would be possible to have a zone sys- tem of railway fares, on the same principle that street car fares are uni- form In any particular city. But this zoning system is really the principle on which the hydro-power is now sold. It would be practically as reasonable to charge all consumers In a city a flat rate for their light and power as to charge all cities a flat rate for the power measured to them. Those who are anxious for a flat rate cannot understand the immense reduction made in the cost of lipht and power for them by the distribution system of the Ontario Hydro Commission. Scores of places which now enjoy the ii(lvantag;e of Niagara Power, some ^f which talk about flat rate, would have no power at all but for the present in- stallation. A flat rate would wipe out the possibility of supplying many of these places on the longer distance | lines, and at the same time would raise the rates to places nearer the source of power to such a point that the competition of other forms of power than electric would leave the Hydro without patronage. Every point in the policy of the Hydro Com- mission is aimed at the reduction of cost and the increase of oonsumption of electric energy. This is what lies behind the hydro radial policy which some members of the Ontario Govern- ment do not appear to " understand. The distribution of power over the radial roads is prohalily an even great- er advantage to the country than the radial lines themselves, and this dis- tribution will depend upon the cheap rates made possible by the reduction of cost In using the right-of-way for both power and radial purposes. The division of the overhead in manage- ment, in cable costs and other mat- ters will make the radials the greatest success of the system. eijergies, or, to phrase it in another >^ay, the more highly organized it is, the more successful it will he. If ever the communistic or profit-sharing sys- tem should supplant the present sys- tem of individual profit appropriation It will be not through any such at- tempt as that in Russia, but by the gradual evolution in America of a system of equitable profit-sharing in which all the essential features of in- dividual leadership will be maintain- ed, while the "energizing principle," which is undoubtedly control of the product, will be applied so as equit- ably to share the product among the producers, including both brains and brawn. Some of the largest Corpora- tions have already recognized this and with markedly favorable results. The transition has proven simple, and might be extended indefinitely. The question whether this would bring about what Mr. Melghen so excellently stated is what has not been finally settled. "Nowhere in the world," he said, "is there so large a proportion of those who are neither rich nor poor as there is in Canada, those who stand on the happiest ground of all, the middle ground of moderate means and comfort. To increase that proportion should be the aim of government." Labor Congress Declines Politics" Labor, assembled In Congress, rather wisely decided to keep its political and its administrative activities in separ- ate jurisdictions. The Independent Labor Party has an admirable pro- gramme which no one can possibly ol'iect to as such, but many labor men still cling to the old partisan policy and are unwilling to relinquish the al- legiance to their special party which they may have inherited from their fathers. The new party perhaps does not contain anything attractive beyond what the old offered, and the old parties are constantly adopting a little more of the new party's programme. They hope always that their party will adoDt all that they desire to see achieved in political action. Any at- tempt to impose political uniformity on the sturdy labor men would prob- ably load to a split, and this is pru- dently avoided while the educative work of the labor party goes on and the young men practically all join the new movement. The views of labor men as a whole are sane and sensible. Only one man declared for Soviet rule at Windsor, and the young men are usually too well informed to accept the Bolshevlki doctrine. The Bankruptcy Act Approval of the new Bankruptcy Act was voiced at the Chartered Ac- countants' Convention by such an ex- cellent authority as Mr. G. T. Clark- son. Insolvency is unfortunately a malady as prevalent in business as measles, scarlatina, whooping 'cough, mumps and several other diseases in childhood, but still more unfortunate- ly it is more frequently fatal than these. Statistics show that from 90 to 95 per cent of all efforts to trans- act Ifusinf-SK and found an establish- ment result in failure. It speaks well for the optimism of our wholesale houses that they continue to take a chance on every new-hatched un- fledged comrade. Good bankruptcy laws are designed to facilitate the winding up of defunct businesses with the least amount of expense, and the least possible degree of friction. The new act provides for. this, and also makes it easy lor the honest and un- fortunate debtor to secure a discharge without the expense of court formali- ties, while at the same time fraudu- lent or dishonest debtors are compeT- led to go be fore the court. The in- centive to fraud is thus prevented and the effort in such cases to compound with creditors is frustrated. sense best by keeping quite quiat, "laying low," like Br'er Rabbit, and saying nothing. There is a suggestion that if he fails to do this the present German Government may demand his extradition from Holland, which might create an ugly situation fbr Queen Wllhelmina and her Hollanders. It is clear that Wilhelm does not undsr- Btand that he was the last absolute monarch and that sovereignly by di- vine right died with his dethronement. Japan still holds the idea, but it is ex- ercised with discretion, and di-scretion was the virtue lacking in the last of the Hohenzollerns, otherwise he would never have gone to war. And Japan is being rapidly modified, and her standard of divine right is not support- ed by the general sense of humanity. The centre of gravity in government has shifted from the apex to the Iwse of the pyramid, and the result will be eventually a more stal)le condition. Prince Krapotkin's View 'F If any doubt remained about the failure of the I.enin administration in Russia it should l-o removed by the message given by Prince Krapotkln to Miss Margaret Baudfiekl, the British Labor delegate to Russia. Russia, he says, in the revolution was trying to make a step in advance of the two great revolutions in England and France, and to go beyond where France left off at real or economic equality. "Unfortunately," he goes on, "the attempt to make that step has been undertaken in Russia under the strongly centralized dictatorship of one party â€" the Social Democrati(' Maximalists; and the attempt was made on the lines taken in the utter- ly Centralist and Jacohinist conspir- acy of Babeuf. About this attempt 1 am bound frankly to tell you that, in my opinion the attempt to build up a Communist Republic on the lines of strongly centralized State-Communism under the iron rule of the dictatorship of a party is ending in failure. We learn in Russia how Communism can- not be introduced, even though the populations, sick of the old regime, op- posed no active resistance to the ex- periment made by the new rulers." There are still a few misguided ones in Canada who think differently. They must learn to seek another way than through Leninism to the Millennium. Lull After Harvest After the big and bountiful harvest there is a certain measure of slack- ness in farm affairs. There is delay in fall plowing and sowing in some lo- calities, with various reasons assign- ed, and a lesser area of wheat is an- ticipated by many. Threshing is pro- ceeding and where done by the bushel is proving profitable. A Middlesex ex- ample is reported by the provincial authorities where 400 bushels of oats were threshed in an hour. Wet weath- er in Essex has delayed the tobacco crop. Apple pickers have been in de- mand and prices rule high. On the other hand pasture is wearing thin in many districts and farmers are feed- ing green corn and other fodder. Individual Effort or Leadership? ' Premier Meighen's address to the Labor Con.gress had many admirable points and his recognition of the power and authority of the Labor body was timelv and wise. It was in deal- ing with the possible further develop- ments of the labor movement that he perhaps failed to appreciate the con- stantly progressive method of the la- bor movement. He joined issue with the principle of communistic effort and asserted that as a nation we could never "hold up our end or hold any place at all In the world to-day, ex- cept by reliance upon individual energy, individual effort and individual reward" While no exception will be taken to this by the great majority the labor advocates would say that it is not individual energy, effort and reward that has secured success but individual leadership of collective energy, effort and reward. Mr. Melghen went on to say that "if there are any in this country who ever relied upon any commimistic system as possible or practicable, or even thinkable In competition with coun- tries that hold fast to the energizing principle of individual endeavor, they must surelv have had their theories rudely shattered by recent experi- ments In Europe. Where the so-call- ed theory of production for use has been put Into practice in substitution for production for profit, it has result- ed practically in no production at all, and has ended in chaos and starva- tion " Which to the logical labor mati is merelv to state that the system of production for use had not been Put Into practice at all. Even Mr Meighen wlU admit that the more united In ef- fort any country Is in Ite Industrial "Singing in the Village Choir" Guelph has organized a Choral As- sociation and every city and town and village in the province should follow the example if they have not already done so. A civilization first discovers itself In its devotion to the arts, and of them all, music is the most wide- spread and' the most gregarious. It is true that musical soloists develop disagreeable features of egotism and selfishness at times, but in the village choir with a capable conductor the singers may well learn to "sink all thought of self, all personal ambition, the small jealousies and suspicions which mar the heart's melodies in love of the work." The devotion of a body of singers to their chorus, to the en- semble cannot well be understood by an outsider, but it is a fact, and a powerful one. The sacrifice and discipline entailed on the members of the great Mendel- ssohm Clioir, for example, could scarcely be credited. But they were inspired by "love of the work and de- votion to the cause." They had th^r great reward in belonging to an organ- ization which before the war under Dr. Vngt. reached the highest pitch of vocal excellence and distinction and had attained a reputation in Europe which would have been validated by the visit projected to Europe, to which the war put an end, as it had been val- idated by the greatest musical critics of this continent, in Chicago, Boston and New York. The village choirs of England and Wales achieve wonderful results and their competitions arp revelations of musical beauty and taste. Ontario could accomplish much In this way with a little local effort. Our climate gives us the voices and the adoption of choral singing would add an attractive feature to our so- cial life. Absolute Monarchy Dead Ex-Kaiser Hohenzolleni has been declaring as he chopped a tree and made the chips fly with his little axe that this was the way that heads would fly when he returned to Ger- many. He forgot to say whose heads, but his own and those of his five sur- viving sons are the most likely to be first on the list. Vorwaerts, the Ber- lin Radical paper, remarked that his words showed Wilhelm In all his old greatness as a politician, which, of course, is "writ sarcastic," as A. Ward would say. Wilhelm will show his Imperialism and the World Commonwealth No student of world politics can af- ford to ignore "The Round Table." that quarterly review of the "politics of the British Empire" which conveys the fairest and least prejudiced esti- mate of British affairs in general to the reader. Some think that there is an imperial tone in The Round Table but the September issue betrays no such tendency, unless the recognition of the existence of the dominant race and the dominant race characteristics constitutes an imperialism. It is not the German idea of imperialism which advocated domination for the sake of domination that we find here, but the fact of domination due to those qual- ities which must always secure con- trol to their possessors. These qual- ities are not the monopoly of any. They are open to cultivation by all. Had Germany cultivated truth, hon- esty, fair dealing and ju.stice as she cultivated efficiency and force she would easily have gained her place in the sun and no one would have be- grudged it to her. There is a principle that works among good fellows that they rejoice in each other's success. "in honor preferring one another." Canada is .glad to know- that Austra- lia flourishes, and New Zealand casts no jealous eyes at South Africa. There is something internally wrong when nations l)egln to east jaundiced glanc- es at each other. The Round Table has a pregnant sentence or two on this matter which should rid any reader of the fear of Imperialism In its pages. "The attainment of a world common- wealth Is the inexorable condition of world freedom â€" of life, that Is, in the hi.ghest form which this planet can of- fer. Immunity from war will be one of the i-esults of such freedom and a vis- ible sign of its attainment. This final freedom with all Its manifold bless- ings is not in sight, for the spiritual basis of the world commonwealth Is as yet lacking. If to-day a world govern- ment were erected, its law would quickly be questioned by a number of subordinate governments." There is no imperialism here, because imperial- ism in the old sense requires force. The world government spoken of here is a voluntary one made up by the voluntary adherence of all the nations, ns the British Empire Is made up by the voluntary adhesion of the British nations. Voluntaryism of this descrip- tion and imperialism are incompatible. In discussing the League of Nations The Round Table attributes Its com- parative failure to the fact that the scheme was framed apart from the men who had the experience gained on the Supreme Council, and that its form was dictated by conceptions natural to the Head of a Republic with a writ- ten Constitution. POEMS CROSSING THE BAR. Sunset and evening star And one clear call for me! And may there be no moaning at the har When I put out to sea. But such a tide as moving seems asleep. Too full for sound and foam, When that which drew from out the boundIese*deep Turns again home. Twilight and evening hell And after that the dark! And may there be no sadnese of farewell When I embark; For tho' from out the bourne of Time and Place The flood may bear me far. I hope to see My Pilot face to face When I have crossed the bar. â€" Alfred Tennyson. THE MAGIC CARPET. Visit* to New World*. OSEMARY green and lavender blue, Thyme and sweet marjoram, hyssup and rue; Tulip and lilies, forget-me-nots too, Grow in my garden and here's some for you. Find three other gardeners. Right side down, along flower baslcet, upper right comer down, on ribbon; upper side down, along dress For the Motorist Canada's Prosperity Lies in Good Roads Good roads bring all parts of the community together; they make a more united people. Pro- duce can be hauled to market; merchants will do a better busi- ness if persons are enabled to reach their headquarters, and thus the entire community is bettered. No community can afford to let its roads deteriorate. It is well known that no highway is better than its pooi-est part. A uniform programme is needed in each town, county and Pro- vince, with which Federal of- ficials can co-operate. If this is done there will be an improve- ment in the country's highways and the result will be better health, commerce and livin.g conditions. INSURANCE PEOPLE MAYMAOREPAirS They Are Considering the Opera- tion of Their Own Repair Shops Many of the larger insurance com- panies in the States have been con- sidering the plan nf operatins their own repair shops in large cities, to take care of automobile insurance work. This information is brousht out by Frederick C. Russell, writing in The Motor W^orld. He points to the prime cause for this contemplat- ed action as being a general misun- derstanding between the repairmen and the Insurance companies. "Repairmen In general are not spoken of highly," says Russell, "al- ways waiting for the oppoittinity to 'do' the insurance companies." But the repairman has a valid complaint a.galnst the insurance companies. They "l)eat him down": damaged cars take up valuable space while legal difficulties are be- ing untangled; and he must wait months for settlement. The car owner, as the main reason against this plan of the Insurance companies, prefers to have his ma- chine repaired by his own garage man. And here springs the fear of the in- surance companies that collusion may dupe them of more damages than should be paid. Russell, who Is an insurance ad- juster, does not favor the central re- pairshop idea in Itself, but Insists this is sure to come if the differences be- tween the repairmen and insurance companies continue. "Unless there is better understnd- Ing between car owner, repairman and adjuster." he says, "the insurance companies will try their plan, be- cause they will be forced to." RIGHT REAR TIRE WEARS MORE THAN LEFT, SAY_EXPERTS Right [Front Tire A'so Gives Cut Quicker; Both Carry More Weight The fact that tires on the righthand side of a car wear out faster in pro- portion than those on the lefthand side often puzzles motorists. The popular supposition, that this wear is caused by turning many comers to the right is incorrect. The fact is that the in- creased %»'•'- is actually caused by the pitch of the road, which throws more of the car on the right side than on the left. The round of the road from curb to curb is tar more important in deter- mining the sequence in which tires normally wear out â€" right rear, left rear, right front, left frontâ€" than is gutter wear and abrasions from grind- ing off and on pavements. The slope of the road causes the right rear tire to carry more weight than the left rear tire. Thus the right ESTHONIA. There have been so many changes during the last two years iu the Bal- tic States that is 18 dllTlcult to spealc authoritatively of the new sutes But 110 realization of the difficulties and the problems of these new provinces can be formed without some know- lodge of their history, in discussing iisthonia, therefore, we speak of the old Russian province of Estland, ra- ther than of the new country which has successively com batted the Red and anti-Red forces of Russia. Est- land 18 bounded on the north by the Gulf of Finland; on the west by the Baltic Sea, on the south Ity what was formerly Livonia and the Peipus Lake, and on the east by tlie River Narova, which divided it from the Petrograd Government. These may be called the olficial boundaries. The linguistic boundaries on which an attempt is now being made to outline these pro- vinces, Include the northern Livonian districts oi i>eniau. Fellin Dorpat and Verod, where the population is essen- tiuUy Esthonian. This Estlionia has an area of 7,818 square miles. Its surface is low, not rising above 185 foet along the north coast, while the average height in the interior is be- tween 200 and 3U0 feet. Lakes and marshes form nearly a quarter of the surface, and tho soil can hardly be called fertile, the larger bail' o"f the province being sand, some of which is incapable of cultivation. The Ksths, in nationality, speech and customs, belong to the Ugro-Finnish family, ;ind, therefore, to the Ural-Altaic branch of the human family. They cling tenaciously to their language, which is closely allied to the Finnish. It is a distinguishing feature of the Baltic provinces, that their population grows slowly. The avurage rate of increase for the last ten years of the last century was less than nine per cent. It was in 1238 that the Danes conquered Esthonia, but a century later Esthonia fell into the hands of the Teutonic knights. In l.',60 Estho- nia became Swedish, and in the Nor- thern war of 1700 to 1721. it was con- quered by Russia. There were several revolutinary outbreaks, notably In 1905, as protests against the Russifl- cation of the Baltic provinces. Be- hind this revolution there was a good deal of German intrigue, and Germany has never abandoned her hope that one day the land colonized by the Teutonic Knights would voluntarily return to Germany. Dorpat has a university of good repute. Revel and Kunda, on the Gulf of Finland, are the two chief ports. More than sixty per cent of the people of Esthonia are engaged in farming, rye being the main crop. Even without the compli- cations brought about by the Great War. the Baltic Provinces were in a disturbed state, and their future is still In the balance. It !.? probable that with the development of Central Russia and the freedom of access thereto, there is a great industrial fu- ture for Esthonia and the other Bal- tic Provinces. rear wears the faster of the two. The right front also, according to tire and tube experts, will wear more rapidly than the left front, for the same reason. However, as the left mar wheel re- ceives a driving pull while the right front does not, it will v,'ear the faster of the two. Under average conditions the right rear tire wears out first and the left front last. To secure uniform wear from a set of tires, change them around about once a month. Particularly is it im- portant to reverse the rear tires. After the rear tires are worn down, reverse them with the front. I iiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiniiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iniiiHiiiiiiiiiinminiui MAIN POINTS ABOUT TEA. WHEN JAM SUGARS. N When jam becomes hard and sugary, place it in a moderate oven until the sugar melts. When cool it will be found to be as good as new. AFTER EATING ONIONS. Onion may be eaten without offence to others If one-half teaspoonful soda is dissolved in a cup of boiling water and used as a drink. Like coffee, tea is desii'ed for its aroma, its sUnuilating effect and its delicate flavor rather than tor its fooii vahio. ol" wliich, truth to tell, it has none. There is something soothing about tea. as well as stimulating, how- ever! Possibly merely the atmosphere of leisure and relaxation that it creates. As with coffee, the thing is to get a cup of tea that has the eKsen- tiiil oils and volatie essences, flavor arom.i. v, ith the least tannin or bitter astringonieiit principle. The first step in this direction Is to get a black tea rather than a green one. The difference is not in the teaâ€" both may come from the same plantâ€" but in its treatment, the black tea being fer- mented and the tannin rendered less soluble, while the green is only steamed and dried, keeping the color bright. Originally tea leaves are 80 per cent water, hut they reach us â- with only about six per cent to nine per cent left. More than half of our teas come from China and Japan, about 10 per cent or so coming from Ceylon, India, etc. DROP COOKIES. The following may be called a foun- dation mixture for drop cookies, from which a great variety may he made by the use of different ingredients. Melt one-third cup of shortening, and mix with tt one-half a cup of corn syrup. or sugar, or molasses. Add one beaten egg. Stir into the mixture two cups and one-half of flour, sifted with one teaspoonf^il of baking powder and one- halt a teaspoonful, each, of salt and baking soda. On this foundation may be built spice cookies, by adding; one teaspoonful, each, of cinnamon, nut- meg, and cloves. Fruit or nut cookies may be made by adding one cup of either fruit or nuts. Or fruits, nuts, and spices may be used in the same recipe. Oatmeal cookies call for the substitution of three-fourths a cup of rolled oats for three-fourths a cup of flour. To these, too. nuts and fruit may be addod. For chocolate cookies a httle melted chocolate (one ounce) may be added, and the amount of sweetening in the foundation mixture doubled. BANANAS, COOKED AND RAW. When buying bananas, do not select those which are too green. A safe guide is to look at the end opposite the stem and see that the green has entirely disappeared. If it has, the fruit is ready to be eaten raw. There Is no objection to the banana the skfn of which has begun to turn black. All truit is sweetest when at its ripest state. When cooked, however, green bananas may bo eaten with as perfect safely as ripe ones. In preparing the fruit, always re- move the strings, and fry over a hot lire. Remember to grease the pan thoroughly, otherwise the sugar in the bananas will cause them to stick to the pan. Bananas should be salted be- fore baking. A few drops of lemon juice sprinkled on the raw fruit when it Is to be used in salads, will prevent its turning. TO KEEP CEREALS. 'During hot months buy cornraeal, Krahain flour, or cereals in smaller quantities, then can in air-tight glass jars, for insects seek dark places most- ly to do their damage. If one is afraid it has been visited by insects, sift and place in a hot oven In shallow pans and heat almost to the scorching point, then cool before bottling, to insure it from getting musty. If cornmeal does scorch a trifle it gives a pleasant parched flavor to corn bread or mush. 4> s\