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Addrtss communication! to Agronomist 73 Adelslde St. West. Toronto The Largest Horse Farm East of Manitoba. It is not generally known that the most important horse breeding estab- lishment east of Manitoba is situated at St. Joachim, County of Montmor- ency, Province of Quebec. This farm was started by the united efforts of the Dominion Department of Agricul- hone breeding establishment in East- ern Canada. o Fruit and Vegetable Pests Numerous. The Entomological Branch of the Dominion Department of Agriculture,! dealing with the insect conditions in June, report the grape leaf hopper -, culture, and the French-Canadian] trict; the tent caterpillar especially dili(ns are avi'Ubb, by breeding cue Horse Breeders' Association. The work' numerous in the Maritime provinces .nirre this fall t jr foaling next fall any| j s being carried on by the first-named and fairly so throughout Canada; the time from September to Dec-ember.j and . s under the direct supervision of j Btfd moth unusually abundant in Nova Geo. B. Rothwell, Dominian Animal The Advantages and Disadvantages of , cd- The suggestion of a trial would tur6) tne Q ue bec Department of Ag/i-1 particularly active in the Niagara dis- th Fall Bret-ding of Mares. bo in order whe'-j the necessary ccn- culture, and the French-Canadian! trict: the tent caterpillar especially The breeding of mares in the fall is looked upon by many as a last op- portunity to get the mare in foal, where for one reason or another she was not bred nor could not be settled earlier in the season. This is but a superficial consideration of the case. Th<>re are decided advantages in the regular practice of fall breeding. The Advantages. More work for tho mare. Much of SMOKE Husbandman. Mr. GUI Langelier who is also Super- Scotia, Ontario and British Columbia; j intendent of the Dominion Experi- 1 the gooseberry borer busy in southern mental Station, Cap Rouge, Que. There' Quebec; the measuring worm giving' are at present, on the Horse- Farm, j trouble ; n British Columbia orchards;! over ninety hordes, all oare-bred the currant sawfly and spanwormi French-Canadians; an idea of the heard from in Quebec and Ontario; the 1 Autumn Care of Sheep. Next year's profits from the flock f ^ t ^ ^ depends largely on the care during: Eca j e 011 wn ich breeding operations are strawberry root worm causing injury the autumn. The lambs must be keptj conduc t e d can be had when it is known in southern Ontario; the strawberry growing, and the breeding stock must the dual capacity of the mare for be thrifty. Ewes in poor condition in work and increasing her species is lost the breeding season will usually bring when she foals in May or June. Under single lambs and have a small milk ideal conditions for the foal, she should flow. On the other hand, fat ewes spend several weeks or the better part! are usually difficult to get in lamb of the summer on pasture. On the and often give trouble in lambing. To average farm then, where horse power give efficient service, the ram should that twenty-two mares hav young- !-ters thii year, while thirty-four are due to fual n 1923. It is fully admitted that part ->f the weevil showing vitality in the Mari- time provinces and the strawberry root weevil (a different species) in British Columbia. Successful efforts work is to improve French-Canadian! are being made in southern Ontario to horses, but it is also clear that .nostj check the activities of the rose chafer, of the problems of horse breeding, but the raspberry leaf -roller is unusu- f ceding, housing, and management can ally prevalent in southern Ontario, is limited, the in-foal mare cannot be be in a good thrifty condition. ( be investigated as well with thij breed! where the San Jose scale is also in evi- heavily worked fora short time before; The flock should be carefully culled ag w j t j, any other. These problems are dence. The canker worm is also noted quite numerous; inbreeding, close, in, in certain sections of Ontario. As re- line, and outcrossing; in feeding gards vegetables, cutworms are re- she foals or worked at all for some; in the fall. Old ewes, ewes with de- months after. Where, however, she ' fective teeth or damaged udders, and does not foal until late fall, her ser- all ewes which have shown themselves vice* are available when they are in indifferent breeders or poor mothers roughages, concentrates, pastures; in housing, the big special barn, part of ported more numerous than usual; flea beetles are particularly injurious on urgent demand and she is exerting the should be discarded. To replace those, tne ca tti e barn partitioned off, cheap potatoes, turnips, tomatoes, etc., and other tide of her dual capacity, foal j discarded, the best ewe lambs should rearing 1 , in the winter, when on most/ be kept, and because of the tendency farms she would be idle or com para- 1 for like to produce like, preference lively idle in any case. An animal that can work at two such fundament- ally neccsary jobs as the above and accommodate her work to the seasonal demands so effectively is indeed al- most a perfect power plant. Stronger foals at birth. What, in general, is the fundamental cause of weak fouls? Invariably lack of ex- ercise or the too heavy feeding of should be given to twin lambs and to lambs from ewes which have proved themselves good breeders and mothers. The ram used with the flock should be the best obtainable, and both ram and ewes should be fed liberally so that they will be in thrifty condition at the time of breeding. The lambs should be weaned early in August. This gives the ewe a WVOW 'i i ' i . "' i.i -i i > i ;-., ^, <; i grain to the mare in the winter. In ] chance to rest before the breeding this connection, "exercise" does not season. After the lambs have- been necessarily mean standing outside on weaned the ewes should be put on poor the lee side of a straw stack. Exercise pasture for a few days to dry up the of the best kind is derived from work milk flow. After that they should judiciously given, where plenty of , be put on a pasture that will keep freh air not only is, but must be, not! them rather under good store condl- only drawn but forced through the tion. Three weeks before breeding, or lungs and where the scavenging or j about the 10th of October, the ewes cleansing organs of the body function should be flushed. This may be done at highest efficiency; and the foetus ; by turning them into a good clover being an integral part of the mare is aftermath and feeding half a pound of similarly benefited cleansing. by this insured The foregoing explains the fact that per day to each ewe. If treated in this manner the ewes will be just passing good store condition when there is a higher percentage of strong foals in fall. Undoubtedly it also -x- ' plains, in a more obscure way, the fact that there is a remarkably low per- centage of joint-ill cases in foals com- ing at this time of the year. Gives the foal a better chance for the first year. The fall born foal is bred. If the ewes are treated in this breed regularly, and have n larger percentage of twins and a shorter lambing period next spring. The ram should be taken from the flock in August and put in a fair pas- ture. About the first of October he should be given a grain ration of about one pound of grain, preferably __ . I *.(_ ""** wv | ' " MM v Bm**MBU IPMAW ** J usually an act.ve individual at : birth. , Oat9> each day The ewcg 9nou)d havo As a rule it can get considerable ex- ercise on pasture during October and November, on fine days. It does not their tails clipped before putting the ram with them. The ram should be marked with red ochre on the breast follow a hungry mare over a bare pasture. The flics that render the life of the foal almost unendurable in summer are gone. There is no healthier environment for a strong, shaggy-coated foal than the barn-yard in winter for a few hours each day, particularly where there is a shed or shelter; this and a box stall, preferably well ventilated, make conditions for healthy and rapid growth, other things being equal. Fin- ally, the foal is weaned from his mother and fares the more trying summer conditions in a much different condition from that of his spring-born brother. The DiHadvantagM. Stallions not always available. Un- *> that > " be sheep which are bred. kept of the During the breeding season the ram should get a liberal grain ration to keep him in good thrifty condition. After the breoding season the ewes do not require grain until three weeks beforc lambing, if and roots are fed. good clover hay less there is a stallion on the farm < r owned near by, it is often impossible to breed a mare out of the rtffulur season, when stallions arc on the toad, standing for service, or leased to as- sociations. Some- mares difficult to breed. Cer- tain mures will IIP found almost im- possible to breed outside the natural season. While this is a decided diffi- culty, the fact remains that in r.any oases it is one of theory only, existing in the mind of the owner and not troubling the rrwc at all. In general, '.his prarli;*; of fall (reeding of niaivit is to be rt'comtnend- The destruction of ticks and lice, by dipping tho sheep, must by no means be forgotten. This should be done during the warmer weather of early j fall. For ticks one thorough dipping will be required; for lice at least two must be given at ten-day intervals. There arc several good dips available. The Canadian Co-operative Shepp Breeders Association is an excellent source of supply for these and for all sheep requisites. The lambs when weaned should be put on a good pasture, preferably clover. This should be supplemented by some green feed such as rape, and a grain ration of a quarter of a pound of grain per day. It is good practice to feed the young lambs liberally as they make their most economical gains when young, and a lamb that has been checked never does as well as one which has been kept growing. Success with sheep means careful weeding, breeding and feeding, and at no time is this more important than in the fall. single-boarded shelters; in manage- 1 the onion maggot is exceptionally ac- ment, work or no work for breeding | tive in parts of Ontario, Quebec and animals, prevention youngsters, raising of diseases in autumn colts. British Columbia. These in themselves show the advis- ability of having started such a farm. What will be the future of the The Passion Play. The Passion Play, which was re- sumed this year after having been place? From an investigationat pointj om itted since 1910. goes back at least of view it is assured, as even a quar- ter of a century is not near long enough to solve many of the problems. As to the effects of any improvement of the French-Canadian horse accDm- to the sixteenth century and Is rather a development than a creation. As presented at Oberatnmergau, it Is in effect an open-air play, for, although the auditorium Is covered, the stage is I ne Tobacco of Quali ty '/2LB.TINS and in packages plished thereby and the scope of thei open, with a background of sky and distribution of improved breeding stock, the future of that enterprise is really in the hands of the farmers of the Province of Quebec. If they show enough interest, Canadian horses no will doubt French- continue to be bred at St. Joac-him; but if it is found out, which is improbable, that French- Canadian stallions and breeding stock are not in demand, then it will surely be in order to look into the question of using another breed for the experi- mental work at St. Joachim. ,o meantime, old Quebec can forest-covered hills. The outdoor set- ting, the songs of birds, the trees swaying In the wind, give ilir scene an air of reality that Is moat affecting. On one occasion a thunderstorm came up during the crucifixion scene, and to many of the spectators the black clouds and the lightning were more realistic ilmn was pleasant. To sharpen dull files, put them in a dilute solution of sulphuric acid and leave them there till they are eaten deep enough. Use twenty-four parts In tho boast ot having tho most important i of water to one part of acid. Hired Hand or Partner? By Russell Adams To be strictly candid, I am lazj. If hauling for others. A year ago last I have a problem to solve, I look ; fall I bought a two-and-a-half ton around until I locate a man who has \ farm motor-truck, which I consider solved it to his entire satisfaction then I take advantage of his exper- ience. That's why I spent last Sunday visiting with Tom Ewing, for Tom had solved the farm-help problem as satis- factorily us any mnn 1 know of. "It's as easy to keep a good man one of the best investments I have ever made. We are only four miles from a railroad station, but the motor- THE SUNDAY SCHOOL LESSON JULY 30. The First Return from Exile, Jer. 29: 10; Ezra 1: 1-8, 11. Golden Text We know that to them that love God all things work together for good. Rom. 8: 28 (Rev. Ver.) Lesson Foreword Under the Baby- lonian regime the Jewish exiles in Babylonia were allowed considerable freedom but they were not allowed to return home. They dwelt in colonies, had their own houses and engaged in ing them the gifts mentioned. For the gifts see the comment on v. 4. V. 7. Ryle says, "The Jews were assisted not only by private indi- viduals, their neighbors, but by the example of the king himself." The trade and agriculture. When in B.C. I vessels of the house, etc. On two oc- 539 the Babylonian Empire gave way casions these had been taken as booty to the Persian Empire the Jewish ex- from the Jerusalem temple by Nebu- iles had still more liberty. It was in chadnerzar at the first capture of accordance with their general policy to the subjugated peoples within their empire, that the Persians permitted the Jewish exiles to return to Pales- tine. 1. The Prophecy, Jer. ch. 29: 10. This verse is from a letter which Jeremiah wrote to the exiles in Baby- in writing them to make themselves Jerusalem in B.C. 597 (2 Kings 24:13) and at the final destruction of Jeru- salem in B.C. 586 (2 Kings 25: 14-15). In the house of his gods. The vessels taken from the Jerusalem temple were set up as trophies of victory in the heathen temples of Babylon. V. 8. Cyrus handed over these ves- sels to one of his officials who listed ne man to of four men, four wagons and eight horses, and has reduced my hauling costs more than a hundred per cent. at home against seventy years; here probably a round This is number and not any of time. The exiles definite length left Jerusalem In addition it has opened up good mar- in B.C. 537 and B.C. 586 and their as it is to keep a good team, and just, ket. _beretofore closed to_ us. ^ The first return jvas about^B.C. as profitable," was Tom s answer to 536. sians. It recalls the great Persian sun-god. Mithras. The Greek form of the word was Mithradates. The official here was "the king's of my leading question. 'In the old days I hired and fired motor-truck has much to do with the contentment of my man, as you will understand when I tell you that last visit you. Jeremiah, who be- the exile had threatened people with God's punishment for j sins, now changed his note and .-j" - ._: T u E* J AU .. il , t uifir Bins, HUW ciianireu nis noiu pretty regularly; I'd hire anybody who 1 ?" told Fred that he could have , proc i aimed God . s mercy to them . happened to drop in, and if he didn't | a " he raised on that little three- r> . -j * er m * anoln fr name lor a prince of the house of suit me he didn't luat long. cornered patch you probably noticed In those days, practically all f arm ; |> e f we " th f r | ver an(1 th f corn-field,; B II. The Decree, Ezra 1: 1-4. 1. The first year of Cyprus. In Zech. 4: 6.) V. 11. The expedition, well equipped .,_ : w it h valuables both for the journey labor belon^To-TheRa"nib,rn K Rov-:i *** 'V^*', That " "<* < ^kff'oft^ ers'; single men roaming from prov- 1 but ^ unprofitable for corn on account: vince ?,st of Babylon. Then he con- : ?hV head Th?""n ey S u *e ince to province across the country. I V he short rows aml much turmn * m quered the Median Empire and later ' M vera! months In I all likdihood their Very seldom would you see a married cultivating. He planted the patch to! the Persian Empire. Finally in B.C. route wol ,i d | ie north and northwest man hunting work on a farm, for the tomatoes and potatoes and marketed 539 he captured Babylon The decree a i ong the Euphrates up to the fords reason that land was cheao and he the stuff the city, twenty-five miles j of Cyrus would be issued in his first ; of th e Euphrates at Corc-hemwh, and the south through Syria and Samaria. Application. Cyrus assumed that if the Jews were that land was cheap and he started out on a place of his own, but to-day it is quite different. "For the last five years I have em- ployed one man (a married man by the way) steadily and, taking every- thing into consideration, he is the most away, while hauling for me. Off af . terthec P ture most ,300 worth of vegetables, .nd \ r ii i i j T ,.V . . spirru ueiemuui m un,er mi* uruuuwj v jiuo aaaumru IIIBI 11 me Jews were 1 S _ 8S a y W ' th hls | <ch. 29: 10) and then had led Cyrus to really anxious for the restoration of i carry it out The Lord stirred up, etc. the Temple they would be willing to t . . i* _ ^* il t T _1 . ' . ._ l._ *. _ . rt .? could not afford to hire a married man,! would have received enough for them pay him living wages, furnish him j to pay him for his trouble; but by tak- house, a cow, fuel, etc., but I hve ing them to the city, when the demand first gun. "If Fred had been forced to sell his 'It was the view of the Hebrew pro- make some sacrifice. Some could go Jerusalem and face the diffi- who could not return contributions of sil- I ver and free-will offerings. An Ontario prolitable man I have ever employed.! truck patch products at our shipping P hets that a11 the cvents on the P'* in , ? H to Jerusale "Right at the beginning I thought I i station, it is doubtful whether he of . 1 I' sto r ry , w ^ 0r I g " la , t f 1 55* *?* ; V^k'P SlJT *,,! , ^T , wm,M KAV,, r^ B iuH ,,,), /, M.... ' <1 by Go<1 - <S e Is - 44: 28 an <* 45: could help with 1-13.) V. 2. Cyrus here avows his reason man > "l uch interested in the establish- for making the decree. It was because m . ent of churches in growing commun- Some Recent Investigations on Poisonous Plants. Since the publication in 1920 of more dangerous when cut and dried as hay. Common St. John's Wort (Hyperi- learned better; he is the cheapest man was strong, he cleared up a splendid , ne , derived his rule from God and be- iti . es - made liberal contributions, but I have ever hired. profit on his spare time work. ! cause God had commanded him to re- 'stipulated that the local church raise "If you hire the right man, the; 'What should a person pay his build the temple in Jerusalem. , a similar amount. Cyrus was "stir- longer he stays with you the more 1 farm help?' Why, pay him what he I T der o - u P'"* ut t<x * rt for granted that valuable he becomes. you the more arm ep y, pay him what he y. 8. The decree of Cyrus wag pro- ' <x or grane ta Fred knows as is worth; some men are worth $-10 a'claimed throughout all the Persian " "' '" ' " much about my system of farming as ' month, some $60, while there are' realms and gave permission to the, p. u i', I do, and such ia far from being the 'others who would be overpaid if they! Jews, wherever they were to be found ,' truth when you hire a man to-day and received a do.lar a week Worthies,' tc .return to their native land n. not - L.) is a perennial l<"t him go next week or next month, help has ruined more good teams and .- . - '- !* 'J *,. Wlin mm. vidence had been over him in a re- of Canada," some further ope but has been introduced into East- , . . . , . j f*w IL*V i iei tj t n i nit VVAUV.CU i 1 1 i 1 1 iiuai- vestigRtion* have been made on var- ern ^^ am , BriUsh ColumbiB] oh . ious other nperir.v A mnn must know your system, your sent more machinery to the junk-pile M l *n{n?iikeour U h-e*\-*"Gad^} niarkable manner. In a letter written stock, your farm and your plans before than all other causes combined. When' v j t y* u ? [ Tom Romero his friends in Philippi. he c-an give you his best service. | we haul for others, we use a scale of-] y. 4. Whosoever remaineth, etc. "Married help is preferable to single charges based on ton-mile haul, and Ryle paraphrases his rather ambigu- . - servation 8 made on this plant In New, help, for one reason at least; cooking Fred gets 20 per cent, of the net pro- ous passage thus: "In any place where Crab-grass or Finger-grass (pani- Smith Wa]eR Australia when j n flow- aml Wa8llillg for help na8 lon|r becn the fl * realilsed on each haul - This gives survivors of the Jewish captivity are ' ' urn sanguinale I. i is nn annual plant which ha* been introduced from Eur- ope and now occurs in Kaxtern Canada and also in the Prinrie Provinces. It had been looked upon with suspicion as the cause of a disease affecting rat- er, hnve ihown that it is injurious to sheep and cattle. Investigation* mude on certain trees have shown that they possess more or less poisonous properties. The Western Choke-cherry (Prunus dem- bl| B '" tne totter of farm women; but him a little extra income and at the to bc found sojourning, there let the "'any farmers believe it is cheaper to 'same time causes him to take an add- ; na . tiv , " of **J* th "on-Israelite ' issa Nutt ) occ-urs in Alberto and ssa iNtiii.) occiiis in Aiutrta and tle on different farms in Maryland, JJ.8.A. Fowl Meadow-grass ((llyceria nerv- nln Trln.) is a perennial species grow- ing on wet ground from Newfound- land to Vancouver Island. It contains hydrocyanic acid mid some case* of 'attle poisoning huve linen attributed to it. Sea Arrow-grass (Trigloi-hin mari- timn i I,) does not belong to the Grass , int^'d\^VVrom''Euro P e'and < ' haV been unto th furtherance of the Many centuries before this, also bore testimony to the won- take single help into their homes than'ed interest in the work and the nest J^!,'^ it i* to employ married men, furnish of care of the truck; he feels that our ,ffid be provided for ^hose Jews who had worked out for S 1 ** 1 - < Se Gen.. th*m a house, fuel, etc., and possibly! interests are the same, he realizes wished to return to Palestine. The ^ : ^'^ pay higher wages, but. that is a mis- that in a way we are partners, and j assistance was to be ef two sorts: (1) i f j? ev fv y f ^ mily *"* w* 00 * 1 {I? 8 ' taken idea from start to finish. Add when you get a man to thinking along' Silver and gold, etc.; necessaries for fu wMjT* 1 t gom ^.? n about which ithat line, you have solved the farm ' their journey and their new home (2) 1^!^,*? ?lfe .M ? The leaves of species nf Oak (Quer- cu*) may prove fatal if eaten ex- clusively for sixteen to thirty-five (tars. an anual plant with opposite leaves look inir nh<fcfl<l "nn I i>y the sinRle man, and you can hire labor problem to your mutual satis- Freewill offe^ngs ; gifts for the temple Baking "plans 1rx>r the litUe folks ami a married man who will stay with you faction." of Jehovah which was to be rebuilt, j thjs ROM on for months and ' n indefinitely. The best part of it is,! "Tom, how do you get time to keep lu - Ihe Return, 5-8, II, though the children re scarcely con- that he is always on the job when | the road along your place in such go6d V. 6. The chief of the fathers, etc.; scions of it. There is an enormous needed. Single help is prone to rush shape? every time I come this way, the . c . We *? or el(1e . ' the leading ! difference between the knowledge and away show r ink' all Saturday afternoon and not p until Monday morning, leav- it remind* me of a paved street," i' families in the tribes of Judah and ' experience of the parents and that of * * I 1> ,-, ., ,. vw. , ., .KA V, .. . 1 Knn n.K..4_,) .. - i 1. . I, I 1 .1 ,..-.- U...A1A*. . i 1 asked. for the bos, to do | "Oh, that-, e.sy; when F,ed and I Benjamin who had been carried cap- j the children, but it is as nothing com- e SWUtAttBPM *VS ..... . .' r .1* >< . I ! v v i*^.iinvi4tv* tii m 11 vb Vi Lllf M I HI \1VTU. ll MTO UlPllUkl Oil t MnllUl . . ~ ^ u .^ a., u .. sueol , whcn marnedhelp is employed it, return from ., ttrlp to town, if we have ten tribes who were exiled in B.C. 721. understand our plans, how can we e- family n the narn.- would imply. It is, foun( , jn r ,; a! ,t e rn Canada and in Brit- is different; his interests nre where a spare half-hour, we hitch the truck I (2) Priests. (3) Levitea; a lowr order pect to understand God's providencs . -,,. i !, ...uu . ...* . _.._i _... _..v n. *. u- ._ it- r to the Krnder an ,i nx tne roarf a bit | f priests. (4) With all them; who ' over us. a perennial plant with a tuft of nar-|, gh Columbia. It is said to produce >' ou wish them to bp ~ on thc farnv row leave-, and a spike of Inconiplcu- , stARKcrg in s |,eep in New South Wales, : llower*. It occurs in salt marshes | en both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts] There is .:.-.< How do 1 find work for my man to do the year around?' That's the record nf easiest question to answer that I have i 'Keeping everlastingly at it brings *^ . , * .n 1 * t* i .. * * We plan on working a full ten-hour were not included in the three preced- 1 day, and every minute has to count. ' '"If class.**. I V. 6. All . . that were about them; fu" d i S -..^' n " .'" !! l !' r . lltu ^ n ' ~ cow- having di'ed .fUr eatteg gm^' bn asked in many day. _ We have succe,,, you know." 'he grinned in ' $*$?? ^Wo^t^ "ftljT the prairie It contain* a nubi-tance uto top , _j Adams, Botanift. whirh breaks up in the stomach into] - hydrocysnic cid gnst. It in poiitonous A swarm of bees in July li both to sheep and cattle and is fr worth a fly. Old Proverb. | our general work to do, about the ! same as on any other 160-acre farm, not our fencing, hauling, marketing and I roid work; besides, wt do considerable reply. As Tom pays income tax and enfoys , who did not wish to return. This re- fers to Cyrus' decree, v. 4. Strength - ' hands. This Hebrew " ' '" x "Evened their hands. This Hebrew the good things of life along with his ^0,, means, "They encourage family, I believe he is correct. | or rendered them assistance* d them by giv- Plow early for fall wheat. During the first three months of th current year 4,345,400 pounds of hali- but was taken in Canada, of a v*lu of $426,531. Last year in the sami period 5,300,000 pounds was taken valued at $607,190. ; ' >. \* ,