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.«ii(S,i^4.m<m»mm>-f* â- fnan i^ait^ mi^*.0mam X, The Automobile AUTO EPENDS UPON OIL FOE MKAN8 OF LIFE. To keep fairly cool under all dr- camaUnc«8 *i:d yet at the same tlnie te be well lubricated it the demand made of the automobile by its owner. Thtwe two qualities appear to be nec- CMary to keep the car g<Aag. Three thingi are important when it comes to sUrtJng an enKine i" «" auto. Tht«e are caa In the cylinder, compression and u spark. To keep it going there must bo a cooling system and lubrication. Cooling i.s necessary to keep the cylinder walls at a tern stble exceptions are the fan bearings and water ptunp glands Th« pump which circulates the oil delivers much more oil than is used. ThU is done so that an ample supply may be aaeured under all i-ircum- stance*. In order that the surplus oil will not go to waste the oil pun under the connecting rods has openings. These arc placed at such a height that when a sufficient amount of oil is present any surplus will automatical- ly drain back into the oil reservoir. It pcrature low enough so that the oil is a good idea to inspect the oil indl- rofjuired can perform it.s lubricating cator each time before driving the function. For it is essential to keep car to be sure that there is an ad»- a film of oil between the cylinder wall! qnate supply. and the piston which travels up andl When this oil is used over and over down inside of it. again it becomes filled with particles Without such lubrication the fric-jof metal. Also while the engine is tion of the parts sliding over each going the vaporized gasoline in the other would be so great that the en- 1 combustion chamber will be forced ginc could not develop sufficient power 'past the piston into the crank case to drive itself, to .say nothing of the: when there is pres.sure in the com- aulomobile with passengers or freight bustion chamber. This vapor con- in it. To undertake to run an engine denses into gasoline and drops down without lubrication i« to piit it out! into ^he oil sump, thinning the oil. of business for all time. This situation makes it desirable to To illustrate the importance of lu-' change the oil about every 500 miles, brieation push your shoes heavily for-! Keep sufficient oil in the engine, ward on an usphult sidewalk. The clean the crank case out and the leather soles l)ecomo hot and tho shoes ' strainer at the oil pump. There should will quickly show signs of wear. But be practically no trouble with the mod- If in this process you step on a ban-'ern engine lubricating system. And ana skin at once the feet begin to' the motorist will have at least one travel rapidly. The banana skin acts important detail in automobile owner as a lubricant. It is equivalent to ship satisfactorily cared for, placing a film of non-friction material between tho shoes and the surface of tho hard sidewalk. FRICTION TO BE AVOIDED. In the auto engine there are numer- ous places that have sliding contacts and consequently these points require lubrication. Thoy include the cylinder walls, pistons, piston rings, bearings of crank shaft and crank pins, little bearings in tho piston to support tho piston pin, bearing on which the cam WEN Unas TO a fmhi 1- This clock, made and exhibited by Anthony Koshmanov, v 111 tell tile time In 500 cities throughout the world. Strangers. My good man has no Kypsy blood â€" He's always lived In town. He wautd his four walls and a roof When night oome» thickly down. He could not sleep beneath the stars. Nor roHt beneath a hedge; Ha would not like to race tho wind Along the far hill's odge. shaft revolves, the cams and the valve But I am of a different mind lifters which they operate, the guides for valve lifters, the gears and chains which operate cam shaft, possibly tho pump shaft, the shaft of ignition tim- ing and tha generator. All these parts ^ We live together year by year; •re usually contained inside of the engine and are lubricated from the common supply of oil that is placed in tho crank case of the engine. There are a number of different types of engine lubricating systems. In one of these the oil is forced under I Have longed to lay me down to sleep pressure to practically every slidingi With no roof but tho sky; part. Perhaps the most common 8ys-| tern is that in which the oil is carried i That I have grown to hate his iiouae, in a compartment called a sump or] So tidy and so prim; reservoir in the bottom of the crank FVw 1, who have a gypsy heart, case. On the top or side of the crank Wliat kin am I to liim? case provision is mado for filling this •ump, and there is usually a float or ^ Som« morning he will wake alone; Why did he niato witli mo Who loves the wind,, the rain, the sun. To wander and be' rr«e? He thinks he knows me well â€" That I am fond of home and him â€" Suppose that I »hould tell! He thinks I'm quite respectable â€" Suppc<s>e be knew that I Summer. The months we ur,ed to read of Have come to us again. With suunlness and siinnlnoss^ And rare delight-s of rain; The lark is up, and says aloud, East and west I see no cloud. The lanes are full of roses, Tho fields are grassy deep; The leafiness and flowerines'S Make one abundant heap; The balmy, blotvsoni-breathing airs Smell of future plums ami pears. The sunshine at our waking Is still found smlllns by; With beajiiingness and earnes.tnea8. Like some beloved eye; And nil the day It seems to take Delight In being wide awake. â€"Leigh Hunt. Pocket Sundials. some other device to indicate howl much oil is on hand at any time. This, crank case may carry a gallon or more of oil. As the indicator shows, that the oil supply is getting low,' fresh oil should be put in, or the en- tire supply should be renewed every 600 miles. In this system there is usually a pan placed directly over the pump in which there are small de- pressions directly under each crank pin to which the lower end of the con- necting rod is joined. When the en- gine is going a small pump takes oil from the pump and forces it to this pan, where it runs into tho depres- sions. As the connecting rod comes around it*'" â-  'nto tho oil and throws it up into the cyiui-. , lubricating the cylinder wall below tho piston. When too much oil is picked up or when the pistons and rings do not fit tho cylinder properly, the oil is likely to work past the piston in large quan- tities, get into the combustion cnam- bers, be burned and exhausted in the form of smoke. This is one of the! causes of carbon deposit in the cylin-| der, which in turn causes knocking. OIL SPREAD TO ALL PARTS. In addition to lubricating the cyl- inder wall this oil that Is fed lubri- oates practically all other working parts of the engine. For instance, as the crank shaft revolves at high speed and the ends of the connectiag rods dip into the oil, the oil is splashed and broken up into a very fine spray or fog. This is circulated by air in- side the engine and is deposited on every part contained in it. Thus as 'practically every working part of the motor is contained in the crank case •r In the compartments, such as the cylinder and timing Kcar case which' opens directly into tho crank case, the lubrication of the entire engines is «ared for by this system. "The pes- 1 And all his life he'll say "8)je had my love, sho had my house. Why should she go away?" â€" Abigail Crosson. Poor Weak Things. Miss Urownâ€" "Men are hut poor weak things in this day. Mrs. Simp- kins â€" poor weak things!" Mrs. SInipkiiusâ€" "Ain't It the truth. Miss Brown. There's my husband don't go to work till five o'clock In the morning, gits off at five in tho after- noon, and would you believe it â€" goes to sleep talking to you before nine at night." The Robbin' Robin. A robin is robbin' our cherry tree; A robin is robbin' us merrily. ribin, stop, robin, stop robin' our treel Oh, fly away, robin, or some one will se«! A robin is robbin' our trees. With a "tweel!" A» ho petAs at a cherry he tells us it's sweet. O robin, stop robbin'I You know that it's wrong! 'Wliat. rohin'? says robin. "I pay witli a song!" Mary Carolyn Davies in Youth's Companion. It was not uncommon in the days of Queen Elizabeth for men to carry pocket sundials for tho purpose of time-telling. Dials of all kinds were common then, though previous to that time they had been little used in this country. One of the oldest, erected about the time of £Mward the Confessor, is still to be seen over the south door of Kirkdale Church, in Yorkshire. It bears the In- scription. "This is the sun's marker at every hour, and Hayward made me and Brand the priest." The fashion for diala began to spread uutll the whole countryside, particularly in the North and in Scot- land, was diotted with them. We sea them to-day in interesting forms at St. .\ndrows, Melville House, Holy- rood Castle, and many other places which are popular resorts of sight- seers. The legends engraved on some of those old dials are very quaint. One, humble in Its opinion of itself and man- kind, announces: "Shadows we are, like shi-dows we depart." In China and Japan small dials made of boxwood are still carried and consulted by their owners. Sunny Days in London Bring Crime Decrease The fact that the sun has been raak- ingr quite a show in England is held as the true cause of tho decrease in crime lately. Since the opening of ; the last sessions at the Old Bailey there have been only twenty-five cases (they have been open three weeks), against more than a hundred in the same time at previous sessions. A prominent London specialist is convinced that the lack of sunshine has a marked effect on certain phases of crime, and that sun-starved per- sons are more prone to morbidity than peoples of sunnier climes. Sun-star- vation, says this medical nan, pro- duces nerve starvation and lowers the national vitality. Suicides increase in certain months probably because dull, dreary days produce depression. It may be possible, says this special- ist, that a combination of good hous- ing and sufficient sun will one day banish serious crime from the world. Ho does not, however, pretend to have any plan for the forcing of the sun to shine when it won't, and it gener- ally won't in England. Use Roofs as Stables. Animals are kept on the roofs of the houses in Lima, Peru, and it frequent- ly happens that a cow passes her whole life on a roof, being taken there as a calf and brought down finally as fresh beef. That's What She Meant, \V'Ifie^"Don't you forget it. your wife's one woman who knows her pro- per sphere!" Hubbyâ€" "The earth, I suppose, you mean'.'" A Project in India. A great irrigation project Involving the storage of 80,000,000,000 cubic feet of water has been planned In South- ern India. The water will be taken from the Cauvery river and distri- buted to 300,000 acres. Getting rattled easily is often an indication that there is a screw loose somewhere. i *;•â- â€¢ ^JStm ^ S| % l^lK^iF^ â- i!?Â¥^ â- m m m â-  \ r ITJU Bf RsT. M. V. Kellr, OJIJI. (OoDttauad from lut WMk) While visiting St. John's School, Elaliug, London, the Duke of Connaught presented a certificate of recommendation to P. C. Hlake. an old school boy. â-¡C. Vanity of VanltlM. Before settling th« questloo of your son's or daughter's going on with a high BCboc^l or college counw, It might be well to hear more on the subject from those beet fitted to pronounce. Are you aware that, while people ia every quarter are so loud In urging every one to get all the schooling pos- sible, whll€ the ambition, or vanity, to continue children at school Is rampant, while attendance at all kinds of Insti- tutions Is growing year by year, the leading men In every walk of life. In- cluding the heads of those very Insti- tutions, do not hesitate to say that the tendency ia fraught with evil. Is a menace to the future welfare of the country? Let us try to see what this means. Can there be any objection to every one receiving the best education pos- sible? One writer has said: "My edu- cation was very much interfered with by my schooling." The fundamental mistake we make Is In confounding the two. In assuming that education consists In schools, that schools alone give education. Many spend their en- tire youth and manhood In school and coUegee and are not educated. Many of our best-educated citizens were limited to a few years In a primary school. The pioneers of this country â€" the men and women of a few genera- tions ago â€" ^had, as a rule, very little schooling; many of th«m could neith- er read nor write. But they had capa- bility, courage and character; they faced all kinds of difflcultles and over- came them. They knew their duty to God and fellow-man and fulfilled it; they were industrious, honest, gener- ous and hospitable. They had that sense of honor, of fairness, of kindli- ness to others, which are the unmis- takable marks of true gentility. They brought up families which have made Canada what It is to-day. This coun- try owes everything to their memory. Will anyone say they were not edu- cated? Do you expect your boy to ac- quire all these qualities by learning a certain amount of algebra, geometry, history and grammar for a few years In a high school or college? If there were anywhere a college or university undertaking to produce men or women of the calibre of our fore-fathers who felled the forests and tilled the soil, its reputation would be world-wId«. The sons of the most ambitious from every land would crowd its halte. And the amusing thing is that we all know, all admit, that no such results are to be expected from those very institu- tions, which claim to have the highest thinps in education and to the support cf which we are called upon to contri- bute millions of dollars annually. Very often our attention la drawn to some man of eminence In a learned profession or In public life: we are told he achieved this wonderful suc- cess, although OS a boy he had chores to do for hours before and after school â€" perhaps walked two conceaslona ©very evening to feed cattle â€" and that bis getting to college at all depended on the money he could earn during har- vests; Now the great mistake In tell- ing this story is in using the word "al- though." We forget that his success was achieved becatise of those chores and laborious summer vacations; in these was his real education. Teachers of all grades and qualifi- cations meet in convention once or twice a year, and seem to consider it dreadfully important whether the youth committed to their care have a little less or little more of language- study, a little less or a little more of science, a iittle more or a little less of drawing, dancing, military drill or football. They certainly must kq^w that Immensely greater .service than all these would they render young peo- ple. If they could give ttiem unswerv- ing habits of Industry, if they could make them workers for life, in season and out of season. Unfortunately, we all know too well how little of that the schools of the counto' are themselves able to produce. The following is from a country pas- tor, in whose parish were a number of boys adopted from institutions. The schooling given in these institutions was much superior to what was pos- sible for a farmer's son of the same age to have acquiretl. "Send one of these nicely accomplished boys of fourteen or fifteen for the cows, and he will return to tell you they are not In that particular field or pasture; send your farm-bred boy of seven or eight, and he will not return until he has found the oow».~ Hef» to ft T»i7 apt ezemvllflcatlon of a school's tif capacity to endow lt» pupils with that very most Important element In e4tl. cation, the sens* of responsibUlty II inspires. The School of Schools. The more we think over this matr ter, the ntore we become conrlnced that the greater part of all that can be called tnis education must be ao* quired in the bom«, not In th« scbool, that parents are essentially th« teach, era of youth, not the men and wonwn who drill In grammar, history and arithmetic. Thes* are valuable as- sistants in completing the less serious part of the work, but they are only f* slstants ; so much is this the case that unless parents lead, their efforts give very meagre results. It follows, there, fore, tbat the more time parents have to spend with their children, and the greater opportunity to look after their dally work, the more thorough and wholesome the education, and the more satisfactory the results all along tha line. As a consequence, wherever con- ditions prevent children working along- side their parents, there Is an Inevit- able deficiency in their education, no matter how competent be the school- master or how efficient the school. Many a father 1» heard to say: "1 shall see that all my children have a good education; they should get along then." The ideal ia magnificent; he will certainly have fully acquitted him- self of hid duty; it is all they need. The misfortune is that what he pro- ceeds to give them is often' a very questionable education. He forgets that to assure them real education he must be the principal teacher. Child- ren are sent to school or college and deprived of the guidance and super- vision of their parents. For years the father and motherr have nothing to do with the formation that should go on day by day In the lives of their child- ren. Very often these same parents are surprised to find that the boy for whom they tried to do so much has little to show for it, gives few signs of success In any walk of life, while the boy who worked side by side with them at home Is everything they could desire. Let us understand thoroughly that the vigilance and supervision of their parents In the evening, when the tasks set at school have to be attended to, is a small element In training. The great factor in education is the In- dustrial home In which the business of life Is managed by parents, the child- ren worklns under their direction. The farm is the perfect example of this. It is the school of schools, with which no other can compare. It you are thinking of moving into the city, are you sure of flndinr: anything like it there? When you go to work or busi- ness every day, will your boys and girls be with you? Where will they be? How much control will you have over their daily lives? I speak not of their conduct; let us suppose they will be safe. If you wish, but during tbose houns, will you be their educator at all? What will you have to do with their industrial training, with theit wills their habits, their language, thoii thoughts during work hours? While' they are still young, not only will they be away from you the entire day, bul they will also be without work to do; when they are older and at work, theij employment will l>e altogeth«r inde- pendent of your supervision and guid- ance. In other words, the education of city children is one from which tint parents' Influence is largely excluded. (To be continued). Nature's Sunshade. During days of prolonged suo^hlna and tropical heat, It is not sufllciently realized that there is nothing specially healthy about a "tanned" skin. Tha practico of e.xposing one's face to di- rect sunlight in order to get sunburnt is both absurd and dangerot». Ultra-violet rays destroy the a'aimal tissiies of the skin, but Nature's anti- dote is- the brown pigment underneath whlcJi develops and, acting a» a filter, shut.9 out the harmful influence. The most obvlcua precaution Is a j big sun har. and if tho hint furnished by .Nature be Rcte<l upon, the color will be light brown. « Religious faith, cleanliness and hon. esty â€" these three to be .sufficient must be excessive. Wt HAVE SOME. HAW) VQP.05 IN OUR U550N Tblwi'*. 5 "COlfNCiPtNCE" - IN RABBITBORO "COINCIDELNCE." nEAN5 TWO â- T>HING5 THAT HAPPEN AT THE SAME. S TmE-,-OeNE_RALLV BV L ACCIDENT jAinEj â- Â«â€¢*•