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Fanning Milk and How to Use Them. What To Teadh Young ChOdreii BY MARGARET CONN RHOAD3. two by ten, or two by eleven square* to the inch. I 0»t« â€" Upper sieve*: sine gheeta The point, to obBerve in f.nnln,r with slots «^ven eight o*" "j"« ''';;Jy;. seed grain are: first proper air bj.t;:«urthsm ^^^ ^^^^^ ,^^^^^ ^^^ '>?"TU'*"ljai^^'|f'^'cW^^ ^i thfrd r!rht%t:dTanrCth''lith slo^ one-t^nth to one thirteenth their day- ».- «• f.Hv oecuoied that of not b..nK str«„.d if th. chifdren I running the grain evenly «..d thinly , '"ch^ wide by on«^half 'nch long. . they are over the screens. unable to give their little can perform these dutie. fcr them- ^^ ^it « Ad.i.M. St west Toronto The wind supply or air blast in all ^^^ ^.^^ „^ crowding. Addrwa communications to Agronomist, 73 Adelaide St. we«. io I machines is provided to remove as ,„__„„„.„.;.„ of imourities is I The feed should be adjusted to al- children more time in preparation for selves. I low a thin, even flow of material over school work. I .^ ^eaeh them to stay at a task untn u- it i.s done. The child who doas not machines is provided to remove a. f^â€" -.Vty-^f impu-rities-Ts re- letllrraLVtmtf wo'tr^^id' a .i- "P -"^ ^^ £/^„"^^^.,^l cpo.vixin PMTATOKS FOR sary proportions of blucstone and much of the hghter •'"•'f ""^ f "J moved when the grain travels slowly mother to me the other day. "He is outrun the more timid .n th. «.bool J of quick lime is not always constant, ;^:";'^"'-' ;â- â€¢"â- â€¢-;,, „" j Y^eir way •'"i^!"^ ""f ^'•*'!J- ., , = i *'°""* »<'^«'>«=« "P'*"y »«* •"' """"' " i teach them to use their hands. Cray- Late blight, primarily a d.sease of U^ I desirable that the mixture be P''"" ^' the sample while if the J^'^ '""''«" "' K??"* fanning ma- j only could." Ions v^U be an aid to them. ' An old the pouto foliage, is most destrucUve, ^^^ g,„,, ^„ ,^,es8 of bluestono back "^^J^e ""mP'J;;^^^^^^ ^ chines arc always willing to g've their , g^^ ^ ^^ her. based on my magazine and a box of crayons wiU •nd in some years causes tremendous ^i„ j^j^^e the foliage. A t««tmg bl«»t 's ^0° «tron^^^^^^^^ advice as to what sieves to use. Should ^^ experience and that of many Twondera in teaching children cok>r. lo-sses. Th« surch which .s stored upl i^^^^^ ^^ prepared by <li««°i^^ ^i "A ^Uo serves the Durpose of keep- «"y P«/t'cular problem arise and Jin ^ teachers, was: "Don't try^^^j^ ^^^^^ their hands to k«»p In the tubers is manufactured in the , ^„,^half ounce of Potassium f_^»«;*>«y;;;^^^^^^ case of trouble it is often advisable ^^^hing James either his letters or ^^^'Ju^^. Ut them cut also ; teach leaves, hence loss is occasioned both L^f,„.jde in one-half pint of | f^f ^^ ^^^^^^^f" °[h^^^^ to send a pound sample^ of the seed ^u number work. To-day all first- , °^^^"%^r, how to handle sckeora. by the blighting of the tops and the^^t^^/ This material is a PO'-on.i ^J»/ \»'"« "^^^^^^ of the air '» ^e cleaned to the fanning mill ^^^^ ^^^.hers have been trained in , "^^-^j^i \hem with the kindergar- consequent failure of the tubers to Sp,i„^,,. ^ f,,^ j^ops of this reagent ' «{^^«^"^^t^;^°'«-^ made with each new "manufacturer for suggestioos as to ^^hods of scientific teaching. They|P^„ ^^J^^^ ^hich have blunt ends on the surface of the spray >n"'ture.| ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^j^^^^^ .^ ^^^^^ ^^ sieves. ^ and if on striking the surface of tpe ^^^^ ^^^ correct amount of air is attain their normal size, as well as by the well-known tuber pot which fol- lows an attack of the disease before and after the ♦ubers are placed in atorage. This los.s can be greatly re- duced, if not entire'.y eliminated, by careful and thorough spraying with Bordeaux mixture. This should be done whether the crop is being grown for "seed" or for table stock. The best spraying solution to use Is home-made Bordeaux mixture made solution, a distinct brown color re- sults more lime should be added. As an insecticide 1% pounds of arsenate of lime should be added to each 40 gallons of solution for the control of potato beetles. Spraying should bo commenced about the middle of July. When the plants are small an appli- cation of about 60 gallons per acre will be sufficient. This amount should have wonderful ways of instructing Modeling clay or wax is also recom- your "James" and your neighbor's jj^jj^jg^j. j^ ^^^ ^e purchased wherever, "Betty" in both number work and | ^^.h^oi supplies are sold and in many reading. And you might find,«if you toy-shpps. Modeling familiar objects Get Ready for tlie Grass- hoppers. „, ...,^-. Poison bait, if properly made and had the time to spend teaching your ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^ the hands, but the eyes children their preliminary work for^^^ ^^jj^ developing a sense of propor- school, that this would prove but a ^ ^ion that will be helpful in many handicap, for many home-taught chil- ^^yg Provide pencils and paper and dren have had to learn all over again. ; ^^^^^ ^he little hands in the proper up of 4 pounds copper sulphate (blue-, be increased as the plants grow larg- stone), 4 pounds of quick lime, and er, using three nozzles for each row 40 gallons of water. I n making this so that both upper and under sur- Bolution it will be found most con- 1 faces of the leaves will be thoroughly vcnient to use si.ock solutions and to' protected. The spray should be ap- dilute them as required. These solu- ' plied under pressure of about 125 to tlona are prepared as follows: 200 pounds. Experiments haVe shown BluQstone Stock Solution â€" This is, that in. circumstances four applica- prepared by dissolving 40 pounds of.tlons may suffice during the season, copier sulphate in a barrel contain- but five or even six will generally give Ing 40 gallons of water. A conven- the best results. The later sprays, lent method is to place the chemical ' given when late blight is known to In a sack and suspend it, over night, cause the greatest amount of damage. In the barrel of water and just below | should be applied with the utmost the surface. A more rapid method is care. The omission or careless appli- to crush the bluestone crystals and cation of one spray at this time may dissolve it in a smaller quantity of undo all previous efforts at control. hot water and make up to 40 gallons. This is due to the fact that crops Each gallon of the solution will then , which are sprayed remain in a green, contain one pound of bluestone. Metal growing condition longer than they vessels must not be used in handling otherwise would. If the later applica- this chemical. I tions are not thoroughly applied the Lime Stock Solution â€" Slake 40 unprotected foliage will present favor- pounds of fresh quick lime in a barrel' able conditions for the late blight by gradually adding water. Mix thor- fungus to become established. Even oughly and continue to add water, though the appearance and severity until the barrel contains 40 gallons. | of the disease is usually dependent The barrel of stock solutions should upon seasonal conditions, a grower be covered to keep out dirt and to 1 will be amply repaid for the labor and prevent evaporation. When ready to expense of spraying in a season when spray transfer four gallons of the, no blight occurs by the obtaining of a Btock .solution of bluestone Into the] larger yield. It is also desirable to spray tank and add .32 gallons of, increase the proportion of copper sul water. Then add 4 gallons of the phate in the later sprays â€" using the lime stock .solution, pouring it through! formula 6:4:40. In preparing this a fino mesh strainer to remove all mixture the only difference is that Bolid particles. This is most essential, six gallons of stock solution of blue- as it will prevent Ihc annoying clog-| stone are added instead of four, and g:ing (if the iiozzle.s. Keep stirring the solution in the tank while adding the being supplied. • It also may be found necessary to change or readjust the sieves to get the best results. A good assortment applied in time, will control at a very of sieves is imperative and a test small cost serious outbreaks of grass- should be made with different types hoppers: before undertaking to clean seed in Bran, 12 pounds; hardwood 8a''-| ,.. „„^ j;.^^,,,. .,„_-. nnn mpth "" T ;7- i j order to ascertain those capable of dust, an equal bulk to the bran; Paris ^V"„"\°'f ^^'i^«'="'* *?^^"X? it T, to ^"^ "^ holding penci and pen. doing the best work. The top sieve., green, or white arsenic, 1 Pounds;Od?^nd begin anojier than it is to. Encourage the children to pUy should be large enough to allow the salt, 1 pound; water. 2 gallons. | beg'" y>th the right one. | ^.^^^ requiring fairness and accur- seed to pass through, the remainder Mix thoroughly in a large box or But there are many things that the ^cy Let them receive an occasional of the sample, such as chaff and pieces tub the bran, sawdust and Paris mother can teach her children m pre- , beating in a game for experience of of straw running over the top and green. Dissolve the salt in the water paration for the first school year. ; this kind will teach them how to be- out at the end of the mill. Sometimes and then gradually pour the liquid, Teachers of consolidated schools and ^ come good losers it is expedient to deliver the good upon the poison bran and sawdust,] of all schools m rural districts tell j One farm mother of my acquain- grain at the back of the mill instead mixing thoroughly In applying,! me that one of the greatest hind- tance allowed her children to have a of at the usual feed point in order to' scatter the mixture thinly over the, ranees they encounter m teaching the gum of money, aU in coppers, five and get rid of a certain impurity that infested field, sowing by hand like country child is shyness. Too often ten-cent pieces and quarters. They cannot otherwi.so be removed. The' grain. The early morning on a bright these little children have been kept at are as careful not to lose any of this lower sieve or sieves should be large warm day is the best time to apply.! home so much that, upon coming to money as if it were part of a game, enough to allow the weed seeds or as the hopper do not move very much I school, they are made incompetent by such as checkers or dominoes. When broken kernels to escape but fine when it is cold or dull. Twelve pounds their abnormal shyness. This is truly , they played "keeping store" they used enough to carry the good kernels over of bran and 1 pound of Paris green a great handicap. The farm mother real money with which to purchase â€" â-  - who wishes to give her children a fair commodities, and in this way learned chance with the other childrfen, will both the value of the different coins see to it that from babyhood her little and what amount of smaller coins it ones are allowed to make friends with took to make a quarter or a dime, both grown-ups and children outside | Heading to the children is one of the immediate family. There are the best ways in which parents can opportunities for the farm child to instruct them. The child who starts mingle with others. The Sunday- \ school familiar with the rhythm ol school affords an ideal opportunity; ' good poetry, or who has been taught then there are the trips to town and to listen to a piece of worth-while community affairs which can be at- prose, is a long way ahead in the race tended by the whole family. The farm for knowledge. Your child will find mother should also allow her children a true delight in his knowledge of the top. If wild buckwheat is present, , is sufficient for two acres, a sieve with triangular 8-64 inch holes or slightly bigger will be found a handy one to have. The following sieves will be found useful for the cleaning of seed grain: Wheat and barley â€" The upper sieve' front tires should bo a zinc or tin perforated sheet with twelve, thirteen or fourteen sixty-fourth inch holes. The lower sieve should be either a perforated zinc sheet with eight or nine sixty- fourth inch holes or should be square woven wire mesh eight by eight or nine by nine squares to the inch, or long woven wire mesh two by nine, Modem kgriculture must be organ- ized agriculture. Maybe a bent front axle is prema- turely wearing the treads of your seem no time until biddy comes across ' with her fresh ones. Home Education -The Child's FIrat 8ehool to Uia Famlly"--rr««be«.' lime. The solution is now ready for Bse. Spray mixtures made in the above manner will usually contain the neces- 30 gallons of water instead of 32. Commence spraying early before the disease makes its appearance. Spray before rather than after rains. Spray thoroughly. â€" J. B. MacCurry, Plant Pathologist. When the hens are working over- time laying twenty cent eggs, fill a ten or twenty gallon crock with them, using water glass as a preservative. _ _ ^ When winter comes, allow each andj <„ entertain their own friends occar ' something the teacher brings out in every one their fill of eggs and it willj gionally, a wonderful way in which to a lesson. One day I was in a school- cultivate poise and ease. room when the teacher quoted from The child can be taught obedience; ! a poem of Robert Louis Stevenson's, not the kind that follows a mild a poem from that admirable collection threat, but the kind that comes in- 1 entitled "A Child's Garden of Verses." stantly. The child who is taught at, Instantly a smile spread over the face home to pay attention to small com- ' of one of the children, and I realized mands and acts upon them at once, that this child was on familiar is the one who will give attention to ground. He could hardly wait until any request of "teacher's" and will be the teacher had finished when up went the pupil who will command respect his hand and he said: "I can say all from the entire school body. i of that." You may be sure he had The child can be taught cleanly ' a chance to repeat the poem, and his' You Children's Belonging s â€" By Mrs. Nestor Noel. We hear a great deal -about the j great tears rolled slowly down her farmer who gives his children calves ; <= ^^^^^ .^ .^,,. ^ ^^^^ ..^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^-^^^ t^ often 'mothers would b'o pleasure was great in having had it POULTRY 'â- "'^ provided after threshing lime by the sweet clover that was sown in Giisping chicks are too often sup- the small grain in the spring. Occa- poscd to have gapes, when In reality sionally when we buy a new cow that they have something else the matter Joes not seem to like the sweet clover with them. In other words, gape- at first, she is given a little grain or wormt! are not so common as is fre- dry feed until she will eat the clover quently supposed. well. Cows on sweet clover need very Where they are common, however, j ijttle grain to keep up the milk flow they are a source of loss and trouble, j to profitable production. This little worm, the female of which When the cows are turned back in ti four-fifths of an inch long and j the pasture at night, the flies do not rownish red in color, wiiile the male bother so much while they are feeding Is only a quarter of an inch long, gets at night or lying down. Since the Into the bird's body through the ali- sweet clover providee a fine pasture mentary tract. from early spring until fall, it pro- The female worm, which is filled vides milk that has no bad odor or with eggs, is expelled by the infested , taste, and it points the way to econ- and pig.s and takes them away whenl^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^{^„ these animals are thrown. For years, j ..oh, I do!" she cried, "But Helen people have been writing about this. I has no doll, and they will give this There are other injustices which no to her as soon as they see it" ,,. , I. u ,. ^t *v,<.« oro It was only by giving Helen an- one thinks much about, yet they are ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ "^ ^^^^^ .^^^^^ ^^^ just as serious because the same lack, ^^her to allow the elder sister to of principle is there. I allude to the cool way with which the mother frequently takes a gift surprised to find that their children i as a memory possession. are only mildly versed in the use of â-  Therefore, do not lament at lack of a handkerchief, in keeping their desk time to spend in preparing your child belongings in order and in being per- ; in book knowledge. Direct the con- sonally neat. It adds so much to the, versation at. table to such affairs of assurance of a child to know that h©| the day as are not over the children's heads; when an opportunity affords take your small children to places of interest and let them learn by seeing; is presentable in appearance, keep hers. | Teach your children independence. A child's mind is easily influenced | g^^j^^ ^hen they are very small, by , and it is while one is still very young | allowing them to lace their shoes, even! let them mingle freely with your ac. received by one child and gives it to | that clear ideas of right and wrong ijf they start such lessons with the' quaintances, teach them the simple another. A child has some rights! jean be most easily implanted. Later _bogg j^ their hands: teach them to ' niceties and courtesies of life and they Once you have given your daughter | on, there will be many things that we something, even if it be b"ut a doll, | shall try to teach, and those first im this becomes hers for ever, unless she herself chooses to give it away. I recall a child of six to whom I gave several small presents. As soon as she returned home, her mother took them away, to give them to a younger sister! pressions will either help or hinder. It is at home that a child should be taught his first moral lessons. What mother is fit to teach if she be not I fair? I Even a very little child should be| taught to respect his brothers' and' put on mittens and rubbers; to hang will overcome shyness and acquirfe up their belongings and to button ' book knowledge with surprising their coats. "Teacher's" temper and rapidity. chick through coughing. The worm's body then decays in the soil and the eggs hatch, provided there are the proper conditions of moisture and warmth. There is a common belief that an intermediate ho«t, such as the earth- worm, is necessary, but this is not a fact; there may be such a host, but none is necessary for the completion of the life cycle. The larva* which have thus hatched omy in milk production. Elimination of Degeneration Potato Diseases. Degeneration diseases of potatoes are those such as mosaic, leaf curl, curly dwarf, spindle tuber and the like, which are known to be spread in the field by apbids, plant lice, and which can only be eliminated by re Very frequently, an older girl is sisters' toys. If an elder sister lends told to give something she prizes to a toy to a younger one, the latter the baby to stop it crying. This is should be taught to be extra careful not good for the elder child. It makes of the toy because it "belongs to Big her look on the baby as on an enemy , Sister." from whom her things must be hid-| Each child should have-a place for den. It certainly is not good for the , his own toys and these should not be â- N THE CHILDREN'S HOUR , moving the source of infection. The •re then picked up by the chicks andj source in every case can be traced to make their way into the trachea from^ tubers which were formed in diseased .the gullet. Their presence sets up an ; hiiu the previous year. The aphids i irritation and this causes the chick feed on the plante arising from these to gasp. i tubers, and when they go to healthy The common method of removing ones they carry some of the infection these worms han been by means of a' ^^1, them, and in the course of feed- faathcr or horsehair twisted around , ing_ inoculate the juice from the dls- In the trachea â€"that is, the windpipe. ; eased plant into the healthy one. In The worms arc thus dislodged and the course of a few weeks the former- pulled out. This method, however, is jy healthy plant is diseased. THE fclTTLE BIRD SAVES THE CABBAGES. In Woodland, the animal folks have gardens just the same as we do, for baby, because it makes her think that j lent about indiscriminately by thej they like crisp, fresh vegetables better anything will be given her, provided parent, especially while the owner is' than you, my little reader, like candy, she cries loudly enough for it! away at school. I have seen mothers' Roily and Bruin had the finest garden What sense of Justice can our chil- lend toys when those to whom they' of all. The warm spring rains had ^ ^^^ dren have in later years, when they . belonged were not there to defend made everything grow and Bruin had [ ^jj^''j^'^j^J^* ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^j^^ j.^j^ are brought up in this manner? their property. I have known the big not allowed one weed to stick its head ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ jj^^j^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ Once when I gave a present to a] children to hide their things away "in' above the ground more than an inch. ; ,^^.^1^^^^ ^. ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ j^^j, ^^j little girl she said, "Is it for me to] case Mother might give them to Baby", g^ery evening when the rest of the Bruin looking at him, he fust winked keep?" It seemed that other people in their absence. It is easy -to see ^or\i was done, they would go out into his eye and off he flew. But thev were the garden to see what was the mat- ter. "There is not a single worm left," said Bruin. "Where do you suppose they have gone to?" Together they searched the rows to see which way the worms might have gone, but all they could find was hun- dreds of little bird tracks. "Ah, I have it," said Bruin. "Our little bird that had the broken wing has come back and helped us for help- ing him. All those worms didn't go away, but were eaten by the birds." A little "chirp, chirp, chee-chee" in a tree right over their heads made dangerous and unnecessary. It is dangerous because the feather or I hors<!hair is apt to cause injury by In order to prevent the spread of these degeneration diseases it is neC' eesary to go through the field about had given her things and she had not been allowed to keep them. There was another child to whom I gave a doll. I knew she had been longing for one for years, yet when I gave it to her, instead of being de- lighted as I had felt sure she would that no_ true love «»" /row up be^ the garden and see just how far each -ure that he was the one who had new plant had grown that day. helped to save th%ir cabbage plants. "I believe this lettuce has grown an • inch since last night," said Roily, one' Combat Potato Lcafhopper evening just as the sun was kissing With Bordeaux tween mother and child under such conditions. Mothers should be fair to all their children and npt show favor- itism. Above all, mothers should teach the little ones as early as possible the difference between "mine" and be, she looked at me sadly, while two "thine.' tearini,' the trachea, thus exposing, the time the plants are eight to ten .these areas to infection. The same re-| inches high and pull out all that ap- â- ultfl can be obtainetl without danger, p^ar undesirable. In doing this ba or Injury. | gu^e to remove the entire plant sys The safe method eansisU in inject- _ tern, including the seed piece. The .ing into the trachea by means of a^ removal of plants in this way i> fcypodcrmic syringe one cubic cenU-Jitnown as "rogueing." Two or thro* •water of a 6 per cent, solution of. ^^eks later the field should be given IBodium salicylate, the idea being to another thorough inspection and all feause irritation and coughing, there- 1 jigeagod or undesirable planU ragued. ,by dislodging the worms. The chick it ig also necessary at this time to r^ move any foreign varieties which •onghs them out. ' Another is to feed one bulb of gar- jUe a day for each ten birds. .' I Aaafoetida and tobacco may alao |ba used to cauaa the irritation ahd tooocUng. * DAIRY Our method of mati>tatnlii« the milk f0mw doitaff tba dry period la to ;;tro- >«lda an Ideal all-amnmar paatora IStr jttte porpoaa w« groir tho UaanUl jiHklto iwMt dovar. An aoro «f It will VMia tbaa ooa oaw aU sununer ^ad the i â€" tu ra will kamp gtmtn and palatable uattt to a may be present. Should it be neces- sary to rogue a field after the tnbara hava begun to form, ear* should ba taken to remove these aa well as tha plant This will redoaa to a minimum the danger of disaase baing carried over to next year's crop by means of the tabara. • Setaieca to the Utehea are handy for evttlaff 9 greeot. Thaee are the dafs wbea flies btte hardMt aad tte elMk aaftirs pag. from the the earth good night. "Soon we can have some for supper." "Fine, fine," said Bruin, "and just look at th^e radishes They will soon Howing, usually at the tip of a leaf, be ready, Ijoo." Walking over to he ^^^ .^.^;^ progresses; the leaf turns .':«.^i*iL?'i^^.?•v^l!!"!^!J'.f^^browll, curls upward and dies. The Close observations have shown that the potato leafhopper is the cause ol an injury that begins as a slightly "Just look what's happened here." ' disease spreads from the margin to- Now Roily had tended these cab- ^.^^^^ ^^^ ^.^^j^ ^^ ^^^ ,^- ^^^, bages faithfully for they were his ^ jj, j„^,, j ^^^ ^^^^j^^ favorite vegeUb.e and he liked them ^^^^ potatoes may be so checked b, better thaa anything else in their j^ ^,^1-^^ ^/^^ ^^^^^^ ^„ ^J_ garden. , _ . , ,, . sible chance of profit. In answer to Brums call he came Bordeaux control, l.^'.fhopper ani hopping over But when h^ looked at ^^^^^^^ hopperburn. The spraying the cabbage.s. he felt very discouraged. {^^^^ ^e thoroughly done and must U Little worms seemed to be everywhere on them, and some hbd big holes eaten applied to the underside of the leaf High pressure (160 lbs.) should bt The Prince of Wales, photographeil while watching a worker painting at the Cauldron Pottery at Stoke during his recent two day visit to the pot- tartea there. m the leaves WTu.t ragged looking ^^^^^ .^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^j,^ j^^^.^^ ^j^^ ^*"^l**.iP I -^ " •.„.,'»«"«"'«'- Three applications ar« ...C*^'*'i?u ', * w ^^^'."^^essary and th. addition of a. '^hey will ruin^my ea.ly cabbages. | „^^„.^ J ^ ^^^ j^^^^^^^^ ^^.„ p^^^,j^ ..^ *t."7! K A" JO • ..k »' for t*»e destruction of the Colorado "Too bad, too bad," said Bruin, "but .^t„»„ k.«h«. «♦ .».. »,»,„ ♦:â€" « .. • u T ii J potato l)eetle at the same time, in the morning, perhaps, I can find i - ^ something that will drive them away. I Oljve Trees Live Long. Bright and early the next morning j xhe cMve tre* « exceptlc^uUy long- Bruin was out in tlfe ganl-n to see Hved. some stiU gmwing are said to what he could do. Carefully ;.e look- be fully 1.000 yeara old. ed all the cabbage plar.t.^ over, but I â€" , " a -â€" there wasn't a single worm on them. I The Island of Madagascar has t "Oh, Roily, Roily," he called, "come belt of forest twenty miles d«*3p abrv*^ here." And Roily went hurrying to completely encivcks it. h t