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THE BABY'S FIRST FOOD BY DR. FLORENCE L. McKAY. Good fortune attends the baby who liM the udvantage of maternal nurs- ing. This Kood fortune applies not only to hii:.stU but to his mother as well. I Why is it an advantage to the baby? It gives him greater chances to live during the first year, live bottle-fed babies die to ono breast-fed baby dur- ing ihe first year of life. Also it has been found that the longer the period «f breast feeding the greater are the ehancea to live. | It gives bim resistance to disease. It is believed that there ore certain | protective qualities in mother's milk^ which are transmitted to the baby, in-^ creasing his powers of resistance. Breast-fed babies are thus less likely to have rickets, pneumonia and other disease.8 of the lungs and summer complaint. Eleven bottle-fed babies! die of summer complaint to one thati is breast-fed. | A bottle fed baby, if fed under con-i stant medical supervision, may make; excf^'llcnt gains and appear to be as i well a.s a breast-fed baby, but those' babies fed under medical supervision j arc comparatively few. Artiiicial feed- ing without medical supervision is very likt-ly to produce pale, flabby ba- bies who .succumb- to any illness to which they may be exposed. why Is it an advantage to the mother? In the first place it is far easier and it is a timosaviT. It saves all the fussy care of the feeding bottles and of the nipples; of the modification of milk and its pasteurization; of bother- ing to btnn to warm the milk and pre- pare the bottle before giving it to the baby at each feeding; and of the worry about the change of milk in moving from one place to another. It is cheaper. It is also usually produc- tive of a better baby that is far less trouble, and thus saves the mother much time and worry. A-e there any disadvantages? The only possible disadvantage to the mother is that it perhaps keeps her tied a little more closely to the baby's feeding schedule, thus allowing less freedom. This, however, though an advantage to the baby in that he gets more of his mother's time and attention, can usually be reduced to a minimum, par- ticularly when the baby is fed on a three-hour or four-hour schedule. Many physicians allow a mother to give an occasional bottle instead of breast feeding when she wishes to be oway from the baby for a longer period. THE mother's requirements. Sometimes the excuse is given that the mother is not strong enough to' rurse her baby or to have good milk.] It i.s generally believed by specialists' that all mother's milk is good milkâ€" - that is, that there is very seldom any fault in the quality though sometimes' there may be a scanty supply, but this can be quite easily overcome. Also in order to have plenty of mi'.k the mother must be very careful as to her own diet and hygiene. Under this care frail mothers often find them-, â- elves in better health during the nurs-j ing months than usual, so this sup- posed disadvantage often proves to be. en advantage. It has been proved that nearly every j mother can nurse her baby if she really desires to do so and firmly be- 1 lieves in her ability, and if she and her doctor work in co-operation to- ward thi.s end. I There are very few reasons for dis-] continuing breast feeding; these arei pregnancy, tuberculosis and occasion- { ally Bome acute illnesses. The baby; should not, however, be removed from! the breast in an acute illness unless | the doctor .so orders, as there are many sicknesses in which the baby can be| nursed as usual for at least a part of. the time. | If, in an acute illness, the removal; of the baby from the breast becomes necessary, it is usually temporary and breast feeding may be continued as' the mother convalesces. i What must a mother do to be able to nurse her baby | She must begin to prepare before' the huby comes. During this period she should see that she has the besti possible medical and nursing super-' vision and that she takes the best pos-! sible care of herself. I Proper diet is important. It is nee-' essary for her to have milk, fruit and, green vegetables daily. This gives not' only the vitamins but also mineral, salts which are necessary for the' formation of the baby'.'j teeth and bones. I She should have more rest and sleep than are usually demanded in her daily routineâ€"at least eight hours at night; â€" pieferably nine â€" and an additional' rest period of at least half an hour, once during the day. | It is also important that waste ma- terial be properly eliminated. The habit of a daily bowel movement should be regularly established. She should drink plenty of water â€" six to eight glasses a day --and take frwjuent baths in order to keep the skin in good condition for eliminating waste products. The breast.i! should be properly supported when they become heavy and pmssure by the clothing should be avolde-i. She should have a| moderate amount of recreation and should be free from worry or emotion- al strain. Any of the aanger signals, such as headache, dlr.ziness, nausea, disturb- ance* of sight, swelling of the feet, bleeding, eonstipation or pains ip the stomach, should be reported immedi- aioly to the doctor. ahe should go regularly to the doc- tor for observation and examination, even though she feels well, and she should make up^her mind that no mat- ter whut the feeding method haa been with other babies, she is going to feed this one mother's milk and that it ii not selfishness but for her baby's good to consider her own health above all else. Mother first, baby next and fam- ily last. In order to maintain the proper quantity of breast milk after the baby comes there are in addition to. main- taining tho mother's good health cer- tain things to be remembered about methods of breast feeding that will be helpful. Regularity is of greatest import- ance. The baby should be fed by the clock. The intervals should not vary in length. They should be either three hours or four hours, depending upon the doctor's advice. Usually after the baby is three months old the fouisbour interval is advantageous, and some babies do well on the four-hour period even from birth. It is equally important that the breasts be completely emptied at each nursing. This regular complete emptying of the breast stimulates it to produce more milk. If there is a lessening in the quantity of the milk supply, the breast should be complete- ly emptied after tho baby has finished nursing. The mother can learn to empty the breast herself by manual expression, which her doctor can teach her. The baby should bo nursed In a quiet place where both he and the mother may be undisiturbed .The mother should either sit in an easy- chair in a comfortable position or may He down if she prefers and can keep awake. This gives her additional rest periods of fifteen to twenty minutes reg:ularly. Tho baby should be kept nursing throughout the nursing period and not allowed to stop to sleep unless, as seems to be possible for some babies, he can sleep and continue nursing at the same time. If the baby stops nursing, starting to pull the nipple away or expressing a little milk into his mouth will usu:U!y start him going. There may be time.s when the quan- tity of milk becomes less, but this should in no way cause the mother alarm because it can easily be made to return to normal. The first period! when this is likely to occur is when! the baby is about two weeks old, about the time that the mother begins to as- sume her duties. At this time she should be under the doctor's super- vision. K is very important for her not to overdo, to have sufficient rest and to have plenty of fluids in her diet. There are other periods when the mother may not be in her usual health or when worry or excitement may be the causes of the lessening of the quantity of milk. Rest and care of the mother are then important for her to regain her usual physical condition. When the breast milk doJs become scanty it is important not to take the baby from the breast but to give him â- his regular feeding at the regular hour and have him completely empty the breast. If he then still seems hungry an ad- ditional feeding of a few ounces of milk modified according to the doctor's orders should be offered, but always after the breast feeding. An important measure in the meth- od of breast feeding is the care of the mother's nipples in order to prevent soreness, cracking and the discom- forts that go with It. Nipples should be washed before and after feeding with boiled water. The hands that touch the nipples should always be thoroughly scrubbed.] The nipples should be constantly pro-l tected by a clean piece of linen. If| they become dry or crusted the appli-i cation of a little mineral oil may help. ! By these simple precautions much trouble can be avoided. Remember that as a rule every mother can nurse her baby if she real- 1 ly wants to; that it is far better for] the baby and also an advantage for! the mother; thnt if all mothers would nurse their b.ihiFs there would be a great saving in infant lives for the whole nation. Breast feeding is of vital importance to each one of us â€" at least once in our lifetime â€" and every baby should be given his chance. The rijjht to moth- er's milk is every baby'.s birthright. Home Education TlM Child's FIrat Sshaol is tha Fsmlly"â€" I'raabaL* Terror Hang-Overs From Ch"l<?hood â€" By Manthei Howe The women were grrouped about the. used to tell me that ghostn lurked in tea table, the talk had drifted toj .he dark and that they tapi>ed on the "fear." One of the younger women! windows. Since then I've learned that turned to Grace Maitland. a beautiful! those ghost taps, the dread oi which white-haired woman. froin that time on made the darknesa "Miss Maitland, did ycu rraily nir.y intolerable to me, were but the rat- cut in the woods in your camp, alcni??! tling of dry branches against the win- Uid you walk along that ber.ch aloneldow pane. My mind has long knowTi at eleven o'clock at night?" j the explanation perfectly well, but to "Why, of cdurse." Afi.ss Mnitlnndi this day if I am in a dark room and Australia can raise bonny babies, too. This is Mary Patricia Wilson of Melbourne, who won a £100 prize in the recent Empire contest. deftly broke ber slice of cinnamon toast "I have done that many tim.M, I have never been afraid, in that way, in all my life." I'd die of fright before I got half hear a tapping sound, my heart jumps into my throat and I am shaken with terror. Then, instead of being pun- ished in a rational manner when I 'did wrong the threat was held out to THREE BABES IN THE WOODS. What a splash it was when the queer log ship on which Jackie Rabbit, Willie Woodchuck and Johnnie Musk- rat were sailing along in the moon- light, hit the old stump. Into the water they went, those three sleepy little fellows. But in a wink they were wide awake and splashing around in the v/ater to find the old log. Of course, right then the Old Man in the Moon hid himself behind a big fleecy cloud (I think it was to hide the smile on his face) and m the dark they couldn't find the log. "I can't swim any longer," puffed chubby Willie Woodchuck. "But you must, Willie," said John- nie Muskrat. "Wait, I'll help you." "I'm getting tired, too, and one ear ia full of water already," said Jackie. "We can never reach shore." "Keep swimming," cheered Johnnie Muskrat. "I'll help you too in a min- ute." You know Johnnie Muskrat was the champion swimmer of Woodland. Willie Woodchuck couldn't swim much because he was too fat, and Jackie I.sbbit's big ears always go full of water and then he couldn't swim either. But in the dark Johnnie Muskrat couldn't find his friends. Then something happened. Johnnie stubbed his toe. Heaps of times he had done this when playing pom-pom- pull-away and hop-skip. But to stub his toe when swimming meant only one thing, that he was near shore. "Oh! Ho!" shouted Johnnie so loud that it frightened Jackie and Willie so badly that they forgot to swim arid sank. But hardly was the tips of their ears wet,. when up they jumped. "We're right on shore," they shout- ed, both surprised and tickled. So it was that three soaked little Woodland boys climbed upon the bank of the river, just where they did not know, but a long way from homo. "I want to go home," whimpered Willie Woodchuck. "So do I," answered Jackie Rabbit with a homesick choke in his throat. "And so do I," said Johnnie Musk- rat "But we'll Just have to wait until daylight for we don't know where we are. If we start out in the big woods we will be lost." "I suppose we will have to wait until morning, but I wish I was home. Let's build a fire and dry our clothes," said Willie Woodchuck. "But we haven't any matches," said Jchnnie. "I can build a fire without matches," said Jackie Rabbit. So he gathered .some dry leaves and twigs and with a couple of sticks which he rubbed together, as Father Rabbit had taught him, they soon had a blazing fire. Dancing flames and pretty sparks made them feel more cheerful and as they dried their clothes they planned what they would do on the morrow. "Don't you remember the .story that Teacher Fox to!d us at school. We're just like the Babes in the Woods," said Jackie Rabbit. So the tl^ree curled up on a bed of leaves and were soon fast asleep. Trcatmenfof PoHuted Water. When wells have become polluted from unsanitary seepage or drainage the cause should be found and re- moved and preventive measures taken so that the trouble should not recur. Tho water so polluted should be sterilized before being used for drink- ing purposes. Steri'iization may be accomplished either by boiling the . water or by the addition of a suitable disinfectant. -The disinfectant most suitable for this purpose is a hypo- chlorite solution. This hypochlorite solution may be prepared and applied as follows, so says Prof. Dan Jones, O. A. College: j Stock Hypochlorite for Water Purification. 1. Mix one-half i>ound of chloride of lime (33 per cent available chlor- ' ine) witii one pint of water. I 2. Add sufficient water to make one gallon. 1 3. Dissolve 13 ozs. of sal soda crys- , tals in two quarts of lukewarm water. 'â-  4. Add sufficient water to make one gallon. I 5. Mix these two solutions in a bar- rel or crock and allow the milky sol-i- tion to settle over night. 6. Pour off the clear liquid from the white sediment into a jug and fill into bottles, well stoppered, and keep coel in a darif place. This "stock hypo- chlorite" will contain approximately the equivalent of 3 per cent, of chloride of lime or 1 per cent, of available chlorine. ' Application â€" Mix one ounce of this stock solution to five gfallons of water that is to be used for drinking pur- poses. After mixing allow to stand for half an hour before \iae. The solution may be added in small quantities of water after it hai been drawn from the well or the quantity of water in the well or cistern may be estimated and the necessary amount of the solution poured direct into the well and stirred in. Farm well waters in Ontario sus- pected of being polluted will be tested , upon application to the Bacteriological Laboratory, Ontario Agricultural Col- lege. way to ramp, let alone stayinf thera me that the brownies would take my by myself all night," shivered the fir^i best doll if I misbehaved or the Snick- speaker, i erbosh, a fictitious bogey in our house- Thelma Thorsen, a well known musi- ' hold, would get me." cian, set her teacup down thought- 1 The'.ma Thorsen's blue eyes were 'fully. Her eyes were hungrily envious cold as ice as she related those memor- as she stared at Mis? Maitland. i ies of a terrified childhood. "My "Do you know," she remarked, "I mother," she continued, "prdbably think that would be as near heaven as meant to be kind ; she was 'tender- one could hope to get on earthâ€" to hearted', and did not have the couraga have no fear. Not to fear the dark, to exact obedience except by such not to fear silence, not to be depend- threats. She. never knew what torture ent on other people, just NOT to be she inflicted, but I have never ceased AFRAID. It must be truly wonderful, to suffer from the effects of her meth- I confess I envy you." j od ; my childhood was fear-ridden, and Mis.? Maitlnnd was surprised and a my life to-day is less efficient and bit abashed before the intensity of worth-while because of it." feeling displayed by Thelraa Thorsen. I "I think it is due to my moth«r'a "You probably are just as unafraid wiser method that I have never kn-iwri as I, Thelma," she replied a bit lame- f'^ar," replied Miss Maitland quistly. ly. "You've never put yourself to the "My mother was one of the bravest test!" • I persons I ever know. She had no fiar "Oh, but I have!" exclaime.i Thel-'of mice, lightning, dark, tramps nor ma. "That's why I know! .All the any of the dozen and one bogey-ideas while I am suffering from fear be- 1 that most women have and pass on to cause of the dark I know perfectly , their children, nor would she permit well that I am being silly but T can't! anyone to frighten us." help it. 7^**' ^^^'^ 's stronger than I ; I "Lucky you," smiled Thelma tremu- it is a terror hang-over from child- lously, as they gathered up gloves and hood. There was an older girl who purses. Wheat Sprouted Before Har^ vest is Injured (or Seed. Winter wheat is less valuable for seed purposes if It becomes sprouted before It is harvested. Experiments were conducted in the Field Hus- bandry Dpt. of the Onta'rio Agricul- tural College in which different var- ieties of winter wheat which had been more or less sprouted in the fields,! were tested for germination. The! comparative injuries caused by sprout- ing before harvest is indicated by the, following average percentages of the; germination of the threshed wheat: I Skin over .germ, unbroken, 94; skin I over germ, broken, 76; sprouts one- quarter inch long, SO; and sprouts one inch long, 18. The sprouted seed not only gave lower germination but I the plants produced wer6 uneven in grov/th. ,, I This information may prove very| valuable in some sections of Ontario] where rains have been frequent at the tipie of winter wheat harvest this autumn. Mistakes in Concrete. Because of the permanence of con- crete, mistakes are not easily rectified after the mortar has set. The familiar admonition, "Be sure you are right then go ahead," can certainly be ap- plied with conviction to concrete con- struction. Perhaps more concrete in the small job and placed by layman hands fails because of dirty sand and gravel than for any other reason. Particles which I are covered with a film of foreign matter cannot bond with the cement, " consequently the result is weak and faHs down when a natural load is imposed. ! Much concrete is spoiled by the fro.4t before it has set thoroughly. There are many pamphlets and handbooks on the use of concrete. It should behoove every farmer and every person who might use concrete to secure a copy. The creed of con- crete is simple and easily learned. But I the rules of concrete positively are not elastic. They must be observed to the letter. Late Blight of Potato. The damage done by this destructive vine disease is largely dependent upon weather conditions. During cool or wet seasons it spreads rapidly^ doing great destruction to the potato foliage if not checked through the timely ap- 1 plication of Bordeaux spray. | The first symptoms of the disease show up as small, irregular, yeKowish green spots on the leaves which quick- ly turn bro^vn, and may cover the leaf in two days. On the under surface ai white milHew-like growth appears bearing the spores which spread the disease to other plants. With climatic conditions just right a crop may be ds.stroyed in three or four days. One' infected plant will infect a field. If the weather is wet and cool watch for syniptoms and, if noted, spray with Bordeaux at ten-day intervals. j Use the Hoe. There is one sure way of getting the weeds, that is with the hoe. If the cultivators have done every bit that they are capable of doing, and the plowing and fitting have also been done well and timely, the hoe will have light work. But one of the most diffi- cult things the farmer has to contend with these times is the timeliness of his work. He must work against the weather and mostly shorthanded. There are few indeed who are able to do every task on the farm just when it should be'done and in the best possible manner. It is a question of doing the best he can under the cir- cumstances. The circumstances have been such on the farm this year as to leave many rather weedy fields. After the weeds get big it is too much for the culti- vators to produce the desired effect, and the hoe must be resorted to. It is indeed a very efficient implement. It would be well if it came into mora general use on many Ontario farms. It is greatly needed as a supplement to the cultivators. Perhaps you cannot find time; there are too many more important tasks that must be done, and you are very much averse to hiring it done. We all are, after these last few years ex- perience. But it will pay to hire, if it is necessary, and get the weeds be- fore they get the crop. The increased yield of corn or beans or potatoes that we can expect if the plant food and moisture that would otherwise go to produce weeds, be diverted to the bene- fit of the crop will more than offset the cost of cutting out the weeds. And besides, there i*more satisfaction to bo had from a clean field than from a dirty one. Winter Rye. The rye crop in Ontario is grown on approximately 100,000 acres. It is not an important crop when compared with oats and wheat on an acreage' basis. The increase in acreage as a grain crop has been very slow, due to| the difficulty generally experienced in ' harvesting a hoavy crop. At the On- tario Agricultural College the variety known as Petlius has h-'aded t^3 list for productiveness. The average yield per acre per annum of the Petku.=! win-' ter rye surpassed the next highest variety by four bushels in a seven! years' test The Unexpected, as Usual. "Yesterday flmlih pointed a revolver svppofiod not to be loaded at Jones and prilled tho trigger." "guch thinpg am terrible! What was the. result?" "NotblDg--U wasn't loadad." A detachment of Royal Canadian Kngineors h.iuliog pontoons together fur the formation of a bridge in their recent field-day manoeuvres. Resenting the Charge. Cousin Poorthlng â€" "You know, ccusln, we have common ancestors." Cousin Newdcllarâ€" "There may be soriie common ancestors in ycur branch of the family, but there are no ccmmcn pscple in :uiae." V. Dates of Sowing Winter Wheat. On tho experinitntal plots at thg Ontario Agricultural College two varieties of winter wheat have been sown at different dates in each of tea years, starting on August 2Cth and allowing one week bi-tween each two dates of seeding. Tho average results show decreases in the yields per r.cre from the seodings which took place later than September 9th, ths reduc- tion from September 9th to September 30th being 13.5 bushels per acre par annum. Th"^ high:?5t r turns wora ob- tained from ths sidings of August 26th in four ye-irs, Scritember 1st and 2nd in two years, September 8th and 9th in two years, and September 15th in two years. Personal Proof. It was the firat night Johnny's moth- er had persuad-a him to go to bed { alone. I "My depr," ebo said, "the an«el3 • win watch over yru." I Suddenly a shrill voice u\me from : above. "Ma, are you sure the rnge.U j are here?" "Yes, yr.'?. of cour.-c. my dear" j Then after a fevr n'.ir.-;te«.. "Mi>, oh, I ma, the nngeis are biiin' tiMi"