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CEKIRAL CAN ADA'S FD EL PROBLEM Alicrta One of the Pouible Sources of Supply â€" Production and Transportation Questions. One of the poaslble sources of a ^ OMUullan coal supply for Ontario and , Quebec Is Die province of Alberta and It is with the posslbllMlea and prob- , l«in« of this source that the present j article deals. Alberta has Immense resuurcea of 00*1. The problem U bow to get It to j Car avay Ontario and Quebec as a coat | low enough to enable It to compete with coal from the nearby United Btaiteb. In fact, the province contains seventeen per cent, of the coal re- sources of the world, and about eighty per cent, of the coal resources of Can- •da. D. B. Dowling, of the Geological Survey of Canada, In "The Coal Re- sources of the Wortd," has estimated that Alberta contains an actual re- serve of over 385,000 million tons and • probable reserve of about 674,000 million tons. This makes a total re- serve for the province of considerably over 1,000,000 million ton*. A close geological study of the Drumheller area, one of the principal producing areas of Alberta, shows that it alone will be equal to the needs of many future generations. The yield. It is e&ttinated, will amount to ap- proximately 1,200 tons per acre foot Vlth an aggregaite of ten feet of work- . Ifrls-^ieftl over ft( least 6,006 acr«i. Oeoloplsts estimate the reserve •mounte to nearly 100 million tons. With res«rves such as these, it may bs confidently predicted that coal min- ing In Alberta la only in its Infancy. The industry began in 1881 when coal was dug from the baks of the river at Lothbrldge. A little later a mine was opened at Anthracite on the main line «t the C.P.R. from which coal was ob- tained for the use of locomotives and boilers in connection with the heavy construction work encountered la bonding that railway through the Bocky Mountains. From this small be- <lBnlng the Industry has grown till to- 4my there are 380 mines in operation, producing In the neighborhood of 6,- WO.OOO tons peranjium, and giving em- ployment to over 8,500 persohsi. The problem of the indufitry in Al- borta has been to find markets tor the Isrge tonnage which it Is possible to produce. Post war conditions and la- bor troubles In the United States of ncent years have so Increased the •est of United States anthracite, the tMl which has until lately almost monopolized the market in Central Csnatda, that an opening was created lor the Alberta product in this popu- kns area. Experimental shipments Wtre made to Ontario and the public tMs convinced that Alberta coal was • most desirable domaatio fuel. Freight ifttM were high, however, and the mestlon was, could it compete with united States anthi-acite when condl- {jUma acroea the border became nor^ Last year the Canadian National Railways cut their rate temporarily on coal from Alberta to Ontario to $7 a ton in an effort to encourage and popu- larise its use east of the Great Lakes. The continuation of this low rate, it was intimated, was conditional on the operators likewise reducing their rates In order to extend the market. Un- fortunately, production costs due to the large number of mines operating only a part of the year and the ea.se with which uew mines can be opened when demand Increases, have always been comparatively high. This season further complications have been in- jected into the problem by serious lar bor troubles. In the Drumheller dis- trict, for lustance, the oatput for March was only 35 per cent, of normal. Of 22 mines ouly 3 worked continuous- ly aud these were forced to close for two or three days per week during the first three months of the present year. In District No. 16, one of the large pro- ducing districU in Alberta, the oper- ators claim that wsges amount to 65 per cant, of the total cost of produc- tion. The result has been that, due to these causes and also In part to the short season during which the mines are operated, high production costs have continued. This situation has given United States coal a chance to enter even ths market west of the Great Lakes, a market in which Western Canadian coal gained supremacy during and im- mediately after the close of the war. This area, which now Imports around 2,000,000 tons annually, Is a natural preserve for Alberta and Western Can- ada coal. United States coal Interests, however, are making a strong bid for it, and they have the advantage not only of being highly organized but al- so of favorable transportation to the head of the lakes in boats returning there for cargoes of grain. When the navigation season Is closed by winter this coal Is hauled west from Port Ar- thur and Port William as return freight In grain cars that would other- wise have to return empty. While Alberta has all the natural fa- cilities for developing a large and pro- fitable coal mining industry it is ap- parent that some radical changes will have to be made In organization before the industry comes Into its own. Over- development Is probably the chief trouble to-day, and some system is needed tor regulating the opening up of new mlne<3> until there Is an assured market tor their product. The produc- tive capacity Is four times the demand, so tl^re is a problem also of getting more markets. The Central Canada market together with the one west of the Great Lakes are natural selling fields, and there are prospects too for developing a market in Vancouver and Seattle for bunkering of grain cargo ships. .\s soou as Alberta coal can be placed on these markets on a sound economic basl.s there Is little doubt there will be au effective demand. r L COMPASS DOES NOT POINT NORTH The magnetic compass has been rtor more then 600 years and to- la moi« widely employed than Cor bsfore; by miners underground, •xplorersi, travellenv, hunters, trap- ^era, prospectors, pioneers, timber •rulB«rs and others overland, by navi- ^Mors on the sea*; and by airmen Ijfh above the earth. With this small, ftlioate, restless Inatnunent they ar« MAbled to tell direction. Yet contrary Is popular belief the magnetic oom- doss not polat due nortii, but or less eastward oir westward of «t diftsrent places. At Halifax It Its twenty-two degrees west of at Vancouver twenty-five de- KM» east of north, irtille at Fort Mc- sorson, on ths Maokenzie river, with- ^ the Arctlo circle, it points forty-four C:rees east of north. Scientists state t this Is because the magneUo poles «^ the earth are not situated at the Ijeographical poles as shown on our iaapB of the world. Changes From Year to Year. The proMem of the compase Is stiU f^itiier complicated by the fact that It 4hanges its direction from year to jrear: It marches to the westward for many years, then turns backward and BWrches to the eastward, then re- Tarsea again and marches to the west- ward, etc. Mor.eover, Its very confa»- tBK behaviour Is quite different In dif- ferent places. Whether this is caused by a shifting of the magnetic poles, by changes within the earth Itself, or by some Influence of the sun or planets, Mlentists have not yet been able to determine. Surveys Necessary. In order that the compase may be â- Md with reliance, therefore, the dif- (srent countries of the world carry out â- tagnetic surveys to measure its exact direotion, and supply the iuformatiou to the pubHo In the form of magnetic m*p». Owlns to the continual shift- tnc or "march" of the compass, as it is caVled, the work accomplished by a BMcnetic surrey would become obso- tfte unless proper corrections are ap- |Aled: so thla march is measured at Mrtaln points and the work corrected aooordlngly from time to time. Canadian Survey One of Largest This information is particularly valu- aMe in such a large new country as Canada, and it ia therefore interesting to note that one of the largest mag- netic survey* '" "*" ''^ '• heina- I^^HPs^'^wbihHP M 1 ^K^ ^m m^Bj^Bl^^t^^f'^ i^K 8 rn^fM riFi 1 B^v^^-4i? ^\ ^K ^^ ^ -y^^'b-v .^JMMtf â- uK -j£.i^u H['' ^^^^M^^i«lltti&>SEs^8S?.* »s a ^^^HHH^^I ^^^M ^K^^b||9 E^ m ^^^k~< ^'^IH ^H^Bi ^s^ ^^^â- ^ .4^^ ^^^^^^^^^& "'^^mrr ^^^^^K' i?ff-4 BM^^H J^l ^^^^â- k < 'Ki<,.' -'^m ^â- 1^ ^^^^^^^^^^. i 1 The Ifiarl of Beauchamp has been elected leader of the Liberals In the House of Lords to succeed Viscount Grey of Failowdon, who resigned the poet recently because of ill-health. CANADA'S BIG GAME RESOURCES Cadet llumhold, eleven years old. Is the youngest sailor cadet In the British Islea. The young lad Is shown being initiated into the art of splicing on board H.M.S. Worcester. Old Times. There are no day» like the good old days â€" The days when we were youthful! When humankind were pure of mind. And speech and deeds were truthful. Before a love for sordid gold Became man's ruling passion. And before each dame and maid be- came Slave to the tyrant fashion I There are no girls like the good old girlsâ€" Against the world I'd stake 'em. As buxom and smart and clean of heart As the Lord knew how to make 'em. They were rich in spirit and common- sen s«. And piety all supportin'; They could bake and brew, aud had taught school, too, And they made such likely courtln". There are no boys like the good old boys. When we were boys together; When the grass wa» sweet to the brown bare feet. That dimpled the laughing heather. When the peewee sung to the summer dawn. Of the bee in the billowy clover. Or down by the mill the whip-poor-will Echoed his night song over. There Is no love like the good old love â€" The love tliat mother gave us. We are old, old men, yet we pine again For that precious grace, God gave ub! So we dream and dream of the good old times. And our hearts grow tenderer, fonder. As those dear old dreams bring sooth- ing gleams Of heaven away oft yonder. â€"Eugene Field. Foolhardy. "Owing to a severe storm the surf, was so dangerous that the authorities ; forbade bathing from the beach. The â-  young woman, however, a strong and courageous swimmer, insisted on put^; ting on her bathing suit and entering i the water. She was caught in the un- â-  dertow, swept out to sea and drowned." So reads the newspaper dispatch. How many fine young men and women, now dead, would be alive to-day if good swimmers were as ready to use their reason and common sense as they are to display their strength and courage! Canadian Wheat and Flour. The remarkable development of the demand for flour in the Far Eastern markets and Its satisfaction by the shipment of Canadian wheat and flour through Vancouver, constitutes in the view of the London Times a grave dan- ger to the British food supply. In an editorial the Times notes that where- as in 1922-23 there were exported through Vancouver alone 770,000 bushels of wheat to China and 2,610,- 000 bushels to Japan, in the following year exports to China had increased to 6,206,000 bushels and to Japan to 7,058,000 bushels. During the same period exports of flour had increased from 99,000 barrels to 302,000 barrels to Hong Kong, and from 270,000 bai^ rels to 504,000 barrels to China. Re- viewing the population figures, the Times continues: "It is clear that there Is nothing in- herently improbable In a further ra- pid increase of the demand for wheat and flour in the Chinese market in the near future, and it is equally clear that such a demand must be met from a surplus production for which these islands compete. The development of modem millingr in Shanghai and other ports In China In recent years has ben amazing, and it coeta less to bring wheat to Shanghai acrose the Paclflc than from the northwestern province of China. This year the late- ness of the grain crop in Western Can- ada will probably result In the exporta- tion of a larger portion through Van- couver than through Montreal by water. It would not be right to de- clare the situation Is alarming, but no one who looks to the future rather than at the Immediate present, can tall to recognize that if this country is compelled to continue to Import four- fltths of ItB wheat requirements, it is impossible tQ view without anxiety the development of an Important competi- tion for the surplus supplies which are now available." International Meeting Indicat Position â€" Distribution That Cunuda was one of the must for- tunate countries in regard to her re- sources lu big game i.nd all ihat this mtjttus for the liealtb of the whole IHsoplu was br'jught out at the roceut meeting lu Quebec of the Internation- al AEsuciatiun u( Uume, Fish and Con- servation Commissioners. At this meeting uf the association, of which .Mr. J. U. llarklu, Commissioner of Canadian National Parks, Department of the Interior, was elected president, delegates ult ended from many parts ut the continent, and Canada's pre- eminent e in big game was strassed. Much vuluublc work was done !u the exchange of views and In the reach- ing of ileclsiuus which will lead to the sti^ugtlieiiing aud harmonizing of game laws throughout North .Vmerlca. One of the most informative papers was that of .Mr. J. A. BelUslle, Super- Inleudeut of Game and Fisherlos for the province of Quebec, who in the course of his addre«s on "How Quebec Protects Its Game" spoke of the dis- tribution of game in that province. While Mr. Bellisle dealt only with Que- bec his paper gave an Idea of the great resource Canada has In game In the forested portions of the different pro- vinces. Following are extracts taken from ' Mr. Belll8le',3 paper: â€" I "The Lake Edward country has long been renowned for the large num- ber of moose that have been secured I there. So are many other parts of our I north country, especially In tlie I Rlvire a Pierre, Riviere Vermilion, â-  Peribonca, Lake St. John, and Sague- nay districts. Chlooutiml Is' also the centre of a flrst-class moose and cari- bou country, and so are the head- waters of the Ottawa and Gatineau rivers. Moose are plentiful in the forests along the St Maurice river and the line of the National Transcontl- made In this country by the Topogra- phical Survey of Canada whose fleld parties cover such wide areas on their land surveys. The cost Is very slight | because the.'^e measurements take but j a minute or two and are made during spare moments in the land surveys. i The magnitude of the w^ork accorap- j lished since It commenced in 1880 is shown by the fact that nearly 20,000 of those measurements have been made already and maps published, showing the results, for compasis users. A Sharp Answer. "The difference between a woman , and a glaee," remarked the fuuuy man, j "is that the glass reflects without speaking, while a woman speaks with- ' out reflecting. > "And the difference between you and a glass." seid the sharp girl, "Is that i the glass Is polished." â-  No serviceable tooth should be pull-| ed until after a consultation between! denti.st and physician, according to the theory of a professor of an .4m- 1 crican Univer.sity. ! Fortune From a Wink. Jackie Coogan, the Infant prodigy of the fllm world, was discovered by Oharlle Chaplin on the platform of a Pennsylvania railway station. Chaplin was walking up and down waiting tor a train when he was struck by th piquant face of the child. As he looked at him admirably the small boy suddenly and gravely winked at him. His intense gravity and self-poeseselon decided Charlie Chaplin that Jackie must be secured for the films at once. Jackie Coogan's first appearance wae In Chaplin's elx-part film, "The Kid." Wasting Energy. Kit's mother Is a keen motorist, and as a result Kit, though only three. Is familiar with all sorts of motoring terras. TTie other day the cat was lying w.ning loudly outside the front door. Kit .stooped to pat him, and turning to his mother said, earnestly: "Pussy ought to shut off the engine, oughtn't he. mummy, when he's stop- ping ou'.iile a house?" Great Minds Think Alike. Pat had l>eeu hurt. It wasn't much more than a scratch, but his employer, with visions of being obliged to keep him for the rest of his life, sent him to a hospital for examination. The doc- tor said: I "As subcutaneous abrasion Is not observable, I do not think there Is any reaeon to apprehend tegumental cica- ; trizatlon of the wound." | "Ah," said Pat In relief, "ye took the very words out of me mouth." I Baby Seals Fear Water. Baby seals are afraid of water, and have to learn to swim by repeated ef- forts. When once they have been taught to awira, however, they soon 'orget to walk. j as the Dominion's Fortunate of Game in Quebec. nentai Railway, west of the Lalce St. John country. ! "As to the Ottawa dUtrlc and its enormous back oountry, the .Mattawa, ICipawa aud Tlmlskamlng regions, II may be said that moose, caribou and deer are all found there. Partridges, wild ducks aud wild geei>e also abound In their seasons. All the country watered by the Dumolne and Magan* asibi aud neighboring rivers Is full ot large game, constituting a phenomenal hunting ground, in the Malta wa dis- trict, big game Is not as plentiful as it once was, but there Is moro of It far- ther north, in aud about the Kipawa country. "On the south side of the St. Law- rence red deer are plentiful in almost every part of ih-e Eastern Townships, where any wild forest lund remains, and also in the counties of Nicelot, Lotbiniere, Beauce, Dorchester, Belle* chasse. Montraagny, I'lslet, Kamoui^ aska aud parts of Temlscouata, as well as In the wilder iwrtlons of Compton I and Megantlo. I "Almost the whole of that part ot I the southern portion of the provlnoa , ot Quebec, adjacent to the state ol ! Maine, Is an unsettled wilderness, and I is full of big game. Many moose al well as red deer, roam the forests ol Beauce aud around Lake Meganti<x Moose are wonderfully plentiful in ths Temlscouata oountr;', as well as in Montmagny and Rlmouski, and Im- mense numl>ers of them roam undis- I turbed over thousands of square milei ] of virgin forest. In the heart of th« Gaspe peninsula. Here they find a safe asylum In the Gaspesian Forest^ Fish and Game reserve, while thous- ands of caribou find a fairly securt I retreat in the forests along the Pata< i pedia and about the headwaters of th4 ! Matapedia in the interior of Rimouakl : and Mataue, as well as at the head* I waters of the rivers flowing Into Gasp« ' Basin." According to Plan. Although it was rather late in the year, it was a warm, flne day on the sands, and the three little boys were very happy with tlieir spades and buckets, each Intent on his own par- ticular piece ot work. They had organized a kind ot com- petition between them. This morning they agreed that each should build a model of a motor car. One of them had piled and patted and cajoled the sand into a resemblance of a racing car, another had cons'tructed, with fair success, a touring car. But the third little fellow's ooostruction was without shape or form. "What sort of a car Is yours ?" asked a passer-by, who was taking an In- terest in the proceedings. The boy made no reply. "Yours looks like two or three care all together," he was told. "Yes'," answered the little chap loftily, "That's Just what It la. Mine's a collision." Hammer Still In Use. "An old Greek philosopher says the Invention ot muslo wae brought about through the sounds made by h«m- merec" "Undoubtedly true. The girl who gave him that idea Is still hammering away in the apartment right next tn ours!" Interesting Data on Ottawa Valley Quake. Earthquakes are, fortunately, al most unknown In Canada. One oocun from time to time along the St. Law» rence river below Quebec and oo ] casionally, but more rarely, a tremoi is felt in British Columbia. In the Ot I tawa valley very slight sihocks hap i pen every three or four years an4 I such an earthquaJke was felt by many ' persons In that valley on the evenlni â-  of July 14 lafit. I The shock was recorded on the sei* I mograph at the Dominion Observatory, j Ottawa, the first preliminary tremon beginning at ten minutes and nineteen seconds after seven p.m., eastern 8tan<b I ard time and oontinuing until seveOf fifteen. As usual in such cases tfat Selsmologic Division ot the Dominion Observatory sent out queetlonnairee to the postmasters in those sections ol I the country likely to be azected but the mas ot data received in reply to the five hundred forms mailed has not yet been completely worked up. No damage wee done at any point. The results to date from the Ques* tionnalres indicate that the epicentre of the quake was near the Ottawa river and in that section bordered by the county ot Renfrew, Ontario. They show that the "fault line" or Hue of weakness, lies along the Ottawa rtver and also along the valley of the Oatl- neau. The noise phenomenon wee par- ticularly marked and seemed to IndV , cate that the quake moved from souths I west to northeast in many cases. m Snakes aa Barometers. According to an old weather super- I stition rain is foretold by the appear- I ance and activity ot snakes. Stories About WeD-Known People '1 rp:it<)n hr- nov. Ixon named the "Hollywood" ot C':uia;ln since Uio On- tario government has established a moiicn picture bureau there. Here Is th" studio, which is fully equipped for fllm work. Tha Embarrassed Judge, Here is a story of Lord Darling In the days when he was Mr. Justice, Darling:â€" ! The famous Judge was in a train which had halted at a wayside station. A man came up to tlia carriage door and asked it he were addressing Mr. Justice Darling. On being told that he was, he said: "Oh, we have a kind of connection with you. You sentenced my father to dpath not long ago." The judge murmured some words of re- gret. "Not at ail," said the man. "Father was :i dreadful man. He mur- dered our mother." "Dear nie!" said the judge; "a ter- rible tr.igody for you all." j "Not at aM," said the other again. ".Mother ti-eniort us all ahaniefully. In fact, wrons ;i.-: it was. It solved a great many problems for us." j A Great Find. 1 Most people know what great in- terest Lord Cowdray took In the search for oil wells In Britain. The engineer In charge of one of the bor- ing parlies sent lyord Cowdray a bot- tle of cruiie oil to be nnal.vBe<l. Lord Cowdray fiiove the bottle to a maid to take to an analytical chemist. By mist.-jke the girl picked up the wrong bottle. Soon afterwards the ongincer re- ceived this wire: "Congratulations. Your fortune Is made. You have ' â- truck parcRoricI" ; IVIakIng Balfour Sluah. Prcbably tho most lamous bachalori of to-day is Lor,! Balfour, who has per-, sistontly shunned matrimony, in spite of rumor's efforts to couple his name with that of some fair ladv Th'« "chronic" singleness has not been without Its amusing side. Once, when he was Mr. A. J. Balfour, he was stay- ing at a hotel when a postcard was brought to him. It read. "Baby going on nicely. I really think she has grown since you left." He blushed deeply and felt very em- barraaaedâ€" until it was discovered that there was another A. J. B. amon( the guests. Trials of Portralt-Paintere. Thore are times when the most suc- cessful portrait-painters feel a loath- ing for their craft. Mlllals, though he made a point of having four months' holiday out of the twelve, could earn $200,000 a year. Yet he told a friend that he detested portrait-painting. "It is killing work to an .artlBt who is sensitive. You have only yourself to please in other pictures. In por- traits you havo also to please the sit- ter and the sitter's friends and rela- tions." Mr. Sargent, who has received as much as $50,000 for a single portrait, declared some years ago that he would paint no more portrait-'^ and for a period clung to this resolve. 'Some sitters get on my nerves so Intensely," he says, "that 1 have to rotire everj' now and then behind a screen, and put out my tongue to re» lievn my feelings!" Portraits which the critics admlr* may fail to jilcase the original. "Wliy Is my face so re*! I loo'k aa it I had been drinking," complained Cat^ dlnnl Manning, on seotug his portrait by MillalB â€" one of the finest portraits In tho world, according to Ford Madoi Brown.