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_',f'<* 2 ^.^-' Aaarars (.bmniunieaiuii* le A^rononiiki. 7J Adalaid* St. We»t. Toronl> SilAPING THE YOUNG APPLE TKEE. develop *ire branches, and attention musi be- given to live elimination of some of these, so that too nmny scaf- The d.recUng of the- ifrowth during ^^j^ i,ranche« may not be fonned. The the early years of the apple tr«j is of, ^j^^.^ ^.^ ^,^^^,j j,^ ^^ build up 8, p»rt.cu'.ur importance The ideal tree ^^amework that will carry large cropa •- probably that which has the first ^^ ^^^.^ ^^^ ^^ ^,,j.. g^„,^ jj^^ „„t ^ave inclu^ al.out 24 inches from the ^ ^ ^^^^^,^^^j^„^g ^^ j^^^^ branches. ground, and the five or six branches which form the frame of the tree •paced evenly as far apart as possible. Particularly ik.tirab'e is it to remove the n«xt to Ux- last branch at the SELECTING BREEDERS FOR EGG PRODUCTION. _ As the time approaches when the top, which, if left, vrill produce a wi'ak breeding pens will have to be mated' top bwause of the forked crotch form-j it becomes iicceiisary to give careful ed with the top limb. attention ♦â- > this, the most important Heading back at planting time is.'^Z^ °' ^^^ '"T"/ ^ v, 1 1 k necessary to balance the loss of roota; ^ho male selected should be cut off by digging. Tests made at The male selected who is the son not only of a high lay- 1 InR hen, but of a hen having the IH)wer to transmit the quality to her: .'aughters Kentville show an average growth of 4.82 inches the first year and 20 inch- es the second year, where newly plants ed trees had three-quarters of their growth removed, whereas similar ,,.,.. , treea not headed back made a growth, •«'"* is selection of a promising speci-, of one inch the first year and 2.4! "^""'^ ^7 *««"»!'> "•" "^''-^ '" ^''^ ^"^'^ inches the .socond year. i by choosing a bird as near standard ' Aveight as posSiole. More important; Strong growth branches should be'^tin^ however. Is it ti select a bird suppressed by heading back and weak! ^tji constitutional vigorâ€" one with branche« not pruned at all. If the ^ ^road back and with the width car- whole tree is weak, u severe heading ^ied well back to the tail, and having Home EihicatHHi Persistent Misbehavior in Smdl ChiUrai BY ZAHRAH E. PREBLE. Th« rrMt Chinese philosopher Goh» might be wise first to invMtlyst* fucius says: "I am not concerned at your own attitude toward him. Do I not being known ; I seek to be worthy, you expect too much of him, or do yo« to be known." neglect to give due praue and atten- »,. , -. .. ,.. tion to the IKtW iMues which to him The reverse is often, the case with .. .».,. t..ji,;„,. n_.ia^ja children and at the bottom of much - ^Urf J «o'^trnS2|£ misbehavior. They are so mightily ^^ concerned about being known and no- ticed that this great desire motivates many of their actions, both desirable and undesirable. If one wants to understand a child and his motives, a little knoiw!edge of how his sub- conscious mind directs his actions will lead to a correction of the undesirable actions which make a child what we term "bad" or "naughty," or "dis- obedient" back in the spring will throw greater vigor into the remaininj; buds, and thus bring about a more vijjforous de- veCopment. Hut, if thero are weak branches on one side of a tree and strong ones on the other, the reduc- tion of the leaf area on the weak ^o prominent and piercing branches will tend further to weaken i Xo such a male mtita also a good depth of body. The head and this is most important, because the vigor of the bird is expre.ssed in his head and eye â€" should be c'.ean-cut, free from coarseness, and with the face clear tjf wrinkles. Thij ey© should he requiste plant bloom more beautifully. That desire to be suiwrior, to be given praise for good deeds well don*, is not one to be destroyed. If directed rightly, it causes that part of the Chinese proverb, "I seek to be worthy to be known," to become the driving force. A child soon recogniaea that he can command the attention h» craves by t>eing good instead of bad. If the parents will always notice and _,.-,. , , , .. , . , speak of his desirable qualities and The f^hng of being slighted is .^^ions instead of his faults and mi* easily and subtly developed after the behavior. But how often do you enter age of four and sometimes even , ^ome and hear someone saying, younger wben other children arrive in ..yj,„ ^^ ^ bad, naughty child!" And the faniily. Up to that time he usual- ^jj^j g^^tle suggestion is repeated con- ly is the cwrtre of the family plans tinually, during the years that follow, because of his infantile state. Then ^^i^ ^^e growing, thinking child bo- that constant attention is gradually -jng ^o act out the sub-conscious sug- rdaxed. and the child finds himself g^^^^^ gj^^n to it. ! removed and its contents emptied and being neglected. If a new baby has There are problems which exhaust then returned to the closet and re- '=<>'"%â„¢ '" « «ense of being pushed ^ patience of both parents and child ! charged with the chemical-water mix- *"' <** *''* <^*rf "' **>* P'-^,^""' »"«> -when the tetter will not mind or ! ture. The contents, when removed, rfj*'*'''*?' J"]*^ 8nb-con«iously, to i^^^^^ ^^^ doing something he should I need not be buried, as there is no odor. '^^ "'1"^!? Jil u ,*^«''/*"S ««* do. These problems cannot be i The chemical takes care of that. I w"'^*'^' ,^'"^ *^* T • f ''l ignon^; they have to be solved at the The success of the chemical tollot''J'.?y*!!^*''J? "â- *«"'*« *" Persistent- tj^^ j„ ^^der to prevent recurrence, depends on two thingsâ€" proper ven- p „ nenavior j j^ ^^^^ ^j^^^ patience and under- Outdoor toilets, located some little tdlation and proper chemical mixture. | Sometimes such unwelcome deport- standing to do it The trouble is that distance from the house, have always The chemical odors must be carried ""*"* .** °"'y â-  spasmodic outbreak, too often the parents fall down mis- been one of the unpleasant things from the room. Just as the smoke and following an unthinking rebuke by an erably on their end of the task by not about rural life, especially ih winter! gases from the cookstove must be car- °^^^^ member of the family. It mani- sticking to it long enough to get at time. Aside from mere physical dia-| rfed from the room. If adequate ven- *®^ '***'' ^^ either a "smarty" atti- the bottom of the trouble. The child The "river cow" i^ the iK>pular name given to this mammal, after the When after careful study- ^^^^^ ^j whales, whloh inhabits the Amazon River and its tributaries. It Is of records, it has been decided to uso ^^ ^ ^^^^^ ^.^,^^ ^^^ ,^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^,^jy, ^^^^ gOO pounds when a niale from a rertam dam, the next, ^ „ ' fully grown. /P '•^ INDOOR TOILET FOR THE FARM HOME BY P. C. GROSE. :=S/ y^' « «aP flow toward the greater foliage on the bieed and the conditions under! stormy weather. ~ ••-" I JO auin a mai« mtitt- ;ne requisttM comforts, there are the dangers from; tilation is provided, the chemical closet *"^«> "^ naughty and even vicious ia thus left with a feeling of injustice these branches becau.se of the strong- riu)nber of fema'.es. This will depend, exposure to the ravages of cold and fg designed to function Just as satis- '^J' .f' ** ^ *" attract the desired which rankles and causes the nucleut factory aa the stove. Usually the vent "***""**"• of future naughtiness, so the diffl- pipe is passed through the wall to the ' Many times the parents are to continues to grow, until it appalk outside of the house to secure the klanie for this more than the child be- both the child and tiie parents before necessary draught This is more eas- cause they refuse to recognize that It is overcome, if it ever is. ily accomplished where the closet is the little individual has now reached a ' Misbehavior is just missi)ent en- located on an upjier floor then when Point where he can and does think ergy ; this energy needs directing into it is on a lower floor. j things out for himself, and where he constructive instead of destructive . The chemical closet has met the ap- . resents unfairness very keenly. If channels â€" not an easy task but a satis- proval of health authorities, as the your chil d is persistently naughty, it fying one. chemical kills all germs and odors, area. Obviou.sly, therefore, a reduc- tion of foliage area on the strong branches will le.ssen this tendency and throw more growth toward the weak- er branches. The central branch .should be allow- ed to maintain the lend, not however,' may be used; but in all cases where for the purpose of forming a pyra-'the hresders have free range a larger midal tree with a central leader, but^ njmber of females may be used, that from it several well-spaced scaf-; Yearling hens make Ideal ^reeders, fold limbs may be developed, thus but older hens or well developed pul- forming a more desirable type of tree lets will also give excellent results. than if the scaffold branches are de-^ In selecting these birds ako keep con- ve'.oped on side limbs only. After a stitutlonal vigor in mind. Select those few good scaffold branches are formed birds having capacity, as evinced in or this central leader, further ten- long, broad and deep bodies. Fre- dency toward a pyramidal for with ^ quently a bird may be deficient in one central leader extending high into thej of these dimensions, Le., It may bo "~^air and having many branches radiat-' a little short in the back; but if it is ing from it should be checked, the broad and carries the width well to which the birds are be'nyf kept. Fori Thanks to engineering skill and American breeds such as the Ply- 1 scientific research, satisfactory indoor mouth Rock or Wyandotto from ten to! closets have now been developed that twelve will make a satisfactory pen.j meet the demands of any farmer's For Mediterranean breeds, such as purse, and they can be used in houses the lA'ghorn, about fifteen females ; without running water. Probably most folks would rather have the flush type of toilet that ordinarily consti- tutes part of the bathroom equipment whore water pressure is available. This type will eventually be used in many, many farm homos; it demands a greater expenditure for fixtures, as well as a water-pressure system and a cesspool or tank. The cesspool is a matter of no great consequence; a small amount of labor and expense will take care of that. A farmer can build a cesspool himself. And if he already has an electric is harmless to the skin, and protects the metal container from rust. aim being to form a tree combining the tail, and shows a good depth, it! lighting outfit, the matter of running the desirable features of the moderate may make up in extra breadth and water is likewise easily provided, pyramidal form and eliminating the depth what It lacks in length, undesirable open-centre type of tree, j Here, again, as in the male, the head To balance the tree, the heading: is moet important The clean-cut face back of strong growing branches Is' and prominent piercing eye are the neceesary. This heading back tends to' marks of vigor and productiveness. POULTRY It is essential that the house be made draft proof if it is not already so, but care should be taken to keep an abundance of pore air in circula- tion. The laying quartere should always be comfortable, if possible, but warmth at the expense of dryness is never wise. Restricted ventilation is almost cer- APPLE GROWING IN CANADA BY J. B. SPENCER, B.S.A. Numerous outfits are now on the mar- ket (many of which cost less than eiOO) providing a compact unit, elec-' *«'" .*»,''« accompanied by dampness, trically operated and automatically controlled, which can be placed in the basomont, connected v/ith the cis- tern or well, and thereafter supply the water under pressure wherever need- ed throughout the house particularly if the house is a trifle overcrowded. Dampness in the hen- house at this season is an invitation' to colds and roup. A laying hen is always a happy hen. A hen cannot bo happy unless she is Litter on the Fruit growing h«Li become one of , considerable quantity of each year's «• chief industries in Canada and by j crop exported. However, there stiu; s^nii^rrchemi^'arTlosVt^can b^ p";^ «.- the most important species pr<v I remains good orchard lands untouch-! .based for the price of a fat ahote. FIRST COST NOT HIGH. But many farmers can not afford , ^"''^y â„¢<>'''^ <>' ^•^ ^T; , ^ , these more elaborate and expensive! ""O"" °^ ^^f, no^^e, if fresh and clean, conveniences, and still they need not ' f «" excellent means of keeping the do without an indoor closet. A good '"y^''-^ ''"^y- duced is tie apple. This is due no led. The now famous Mcintosh Redi doubt to the fact that the Dominion apple, which for the second time in i produces the beat flavored, most high- successive years has been declared' ly colored, and longest keeping apples, the finest dessert apple in the British The apple may be grown successfully Empirefi was first produced on the In oommerctal quantities over an inv- farm of the late John Mcintosh at mense area, so great in fact that if it Iroquois. were phurted to apple trees the pro-- Apple growing in British Columbia duct would be sufficient to supply the markets of tlte world. The crop of apples that will be harvested this year h eatimated at 8,226,713 barrels, which Je about 72 per cent of the 1928 crop which reached 4,493,850 barrels. The extent of the industry may be gather- ed from the following table showing the orop of applee in the five prin- tlpel producing provinces in 1928 and 1928 Perhaps thp best material for litter is wheat straw. It is not so stiff as rye straw but neither does It break up so easily as does oat t.traw. Renew The sanitary chemical closet is the supply frequently. The litter must Physician mighty satisfactory, too. We pur-labfiorb moisture from the droppings '^''" ^"'•' Bbla. New Brunswick . . 69,292 Nova Scotia 1,821,06* Quebec 66,094 OnUrio 1,804,400 BritUh Columbia. 1,234,000 1924 (eeti- matod) Bblfl. 86,616 1,274,742 87,876 913,080 868,400 only begun in comparatively re- cent yeara but tl»e development of commercial orcharding has been very rapid, the greatest planting taking plaoe between the years 1909 and 1914. The moat noted district is that of the Okanagan valley where some of the best orchards in the province and in the Dominion are to be found. In Prince Edward Island the cul- ture of apples has not dovdoped as rapidly as the climate and soil would justify. Owing to the comparatively oool summer and autumn which oausea slow ripening, the fruit keeps aa long or longer than in any other part of the Dominion. Apple trees were Introduced Into this province about 1768. chased one several years ago and have found it so. We found quite a vi-riety of makes on the market, all embody- ing the same principle and differing little in service; the difference was in the quality of material and finish and the 'jcst. We selected one of the best; it cost us between $15 and $20 deliver- ed. It is mndc of heavy galvani7.ed steel finished In a durable white ena- mel that matches regular bathroom fixtures. It is equipped with a stan- dard high-grade seat the same as a regu'ar flush toilet. The vent pipe ia likewise white enameled. NO ODORS, NO DISEASE GERMS. The closet has an inside container whic4i holds about eight gallons and will run three or four weeks without recharging. The chemical is mixed with water in the container. The coet of chemical has never exceeded 26c a month. The sanitary closet, once In- stalled, demands little care. Every While apples in commercial quanti- Historians differ as to Just where ties have no so far been produced in three or four weeks the container la the flrat apples w«re grown in Can- the • Prairie Provinces â€" Manitoba, ada. Both Nova Scotia and Quebec Saskatchewan, and Alberta â€" consid- slaini the honor but one thing is as- erable attention is being given to their sured and that is that for nearly three culture, more particularly in Mani- oenturiea this species of fruit has been toba. Small apples or crab-apples can ripening In Eastern Canada. | be successfully grown in many places .\pples have been grown in com- 'in Saskatchewan, as well as some ap- nierclal quantities In Nova Scotia for ple sof the very hardy Russian vnr- the last fifty or sixty years and the iotiea. The beat results in apple grow- Industry has now reached extensive, ing In Alberta have been secured in proportions. The largest crop pro- 'the !»uthcrn districts where a good duced to date In Nova Scotia was har- quality iias l>een produced. vwited in 1921 when 2,036,065 barrels Th? apples from Ontario, Nova Sco- were packed and sold from the Anna- tia, and British Columbia are well and polls and adjacent valleys, which fonn favorably known In the markets of the grest producing district of the Great Britain and Europe and are In province and cover an area about onelconsUnt demand. (Jueboc, New Bruns- bundred miles long and from six to wick, and Prince Ed\v.ird Island aro (Aeven miles wide. at present producing only sufficient In Quebec thore are reoords that quantities for home consumption not- that aa early as 1668 apples withstanding the fact that the poa- belng produced in that province,' sible producing area is far In excaai Mul It is Ux>ught that the renowned of that at present under crop and thet VameuM «pple originated there. In i the cUmat* and soil in all throe pro- the vallwys of the Ottawa and 3t vlncea make for the growing of large' Lawremoe rivers and throughout the quantities of the finest fruit. Bxperi- Eaatem Townshipa there aro many ments are being carried on in tiia Prairie Provinces with a view to <!»â-  v«!<«>ing varieties more auitaUe to the climate and when these are abto ln e d there is no douht diet applae will be grown miieh more (enerally threugb- out the DominloB. and in wet weather may have to be changed often. Care should be taken to use none but clean bright straw. Moldy straw is almost certain to cause trouble. i A Cold Weather Comfort, j HORSE If a horse could talk, he would have many things to say, especially when winter comes. He would tell his driver how a frosty bit stings and sears his lips and tongnie when it is thrust into his mouth without being warmed first He would tell how it feels to have nothing but ice cold water to drink, when he is already shivering from the cold. He would tell of the bitter wind that frosts his sides when he halts, steam-'- ing from exertion, and is tied for^ hours in an exposed place without a blanket He would talk of slippery streets and the sensations of falling on cruel city cobblestones â€" the pressure of the load pushing him to the fall â€" the bruised knees and wrenched joints, the tightened straps and the feel of the driver's lash, the panting nostrils and heaving flanks, and the horrible fright of it all. When he stumbles don't whip liira. Dr. M. T. de Gerin, noted Parisian Think of your own feelings if struck who recently arrived In every time yon slipped or stumbled. Warm the bit before putting it ia his mouth. Take the chill off his drinking water when possible, if it is very colA Give him enough to eat, and spread plenty of clean bedding in his stall. Put a blanket on him in the stable^ on cold i>ights. Do not leave him standing in a cold wind without a blanket. Keep him in New York with a cure for pneumonia, as attested by 600 successful cases, claims that If will practically wipe out all possiblltles of death from the dis- ease. , ^ Green Feed for Poultry. Now that the poultry are off the The majority of farmers own some range and no longer benefit by the kind of an automobile and in the win- picking of fresh green feed at liberty, 1 the sun, if possible tcr those who ride In the back seat a substitute should be provided. Keep him sharp-shod during the usually complain of cold feet, espe- Mangels, kale, cabbage and sprouted h'^'iter. dally if the ride is a very long one. oats do very well to supply in parti Drive him carefully over icy pave- Thls can bo avoided if a feather cush- the very necessary vitamines A and ' ments. Ion is made for the bottom of the car. D, so essential to proper nutrition. A When he falls, quickly loosen hia When killing poultry save all the little attention to a seemingly unlm- harness, push back the wagon, and feathers except the wing and tail fea- portant point frequently means the '>elp him to rise, without blows, thers which have the large quills, difference between success and failure Watch for the appearance of gatt- Scald the feathers, then dry thorough- ^ith breeding stock. At the O.A.C. ^Pots- «"<! ^•o'f nothing to touch them ly. Take a cotton feed beg such aa Poultry Dept a liberal aKowance of **'* healed. Be humane with your poultry mash comes in, dye it a dark cok>r, and fill it with the feathers. Sew up the end of the bag and use this for a foot cushion and there will be no more complaints of cold feet when riding in cold weather. â€" C. A. J. green feed or roughage coniUining the !»«*• Treat him as well as he treata vital elements is always available to ^''â-  the stock ' ♦- « Exposure of fowls to cold rains will cause injury. (fcouaands of acree bearing apples, while In many other parts of the pro- vine* gw,d apple producing areas are to bo found. Ont.Trio norma. .J in c .0 of the Paig- es', producers of applea and there u a Same Qlrl. Sonâ€" "Dad. I want to marry Dottle Dimples, the :horaa glrL" Dad â€" "I wanted to marry her mj>i self wlien I was about your age!" Bpping toreat le "thinned" every seven yeers to allow room for the oaks to grow unimpaired. The thlo- nlng la na>w taklof lace and tcenee remlnlicent of the Canadien woods Kr«> dally anaoted within fifteen mllea of Leaden. The mongreil hen is fast disappeais ing. Gradually the Canadian fannsr, 4a waking up to the superior vahie «t; the well-bred, strong, vigorous, proUfli hen over her mongrel sl^tar, and dM latter is being sent to tht ehambles. « i * « * V Oct the incubators and broodan I ready for hatching broiler cWcki. < KMMimMWMIMMH* 'Jw... 'â- â€¢^m^^tmi.