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Second Polar Year Interests All Nations to occur. Not only science but the 'beak as u man could with a knife, bunluesa niau accustomeU to send and came back to her nust fuU-feii. radio ineasai!',.^ to distant countrloa is Message therefore likely to i)rjlit by tlio re- i searches that will be conducted iu this Studies to be Made Affecting '*''^""'» ^°^Zl'!^.a, Many Activities During thin month scieutlstii of thirty-three nations will otUcially be- Siu a nyMtcmutic study of the earth's magnetism, atmospheric electricity, earth currents, auroral displays, â- weather and that intangible electrical mirror which is known as the Ken- neliy-Hcaviside layer and which makes It iKJBsible for us to .send radio iiios- •ages around the world "Second I'olar Year" is the name by 1 want to tell you tlie hay is strewn Under the curve of a knife-edged I moon; I want you to know lliat the clover i smells Iti a reelhiK fraKrance that sinks I and swells As tlio wind coini's up from tlie sea below. ' And tlie bouglis of the spruce swing which this organized international e(- 1 fort Is known. Despite the world-wide deprcssiou, some of the poorest coun- tries have agreed to assume the ex- pen-ie of sending out expeditious or en- gaging iu work called for by the pro- gramâ€"evidence enough that the Sec- ond I'olar Yeai' is an enterprise of the highest s( lontific importance. Many Countries to Tal<e Part Tho list of countries that will man stations in different parts of the world Includes Argentina. Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, Great Britain. Estonia, Falkland Is- lands, Finland, France, Germany, Ilun- to and fro. I want you to know. I want you to know! ,, â€" Martha Banning Tiionias. Night Marauder Samuel Scoville, Kr., Nature's Maga- zine (June, '32). As the last gleam of sunset faded, there came a brightnes.s in the cast, and a rim of raw gold showed above the edge of the world. For an instant the lonely Barrens lay still as sleep. , , ... . . , *? hen, as the full moon climbed the gary. Iceland Italy. Japan Mexico, i^y, the wiid, sweet melody of the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spam, ] ^.hjppoorwill thrilled as if the moon- I light itself had been sot to music. But Bwoden, Switzerland, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Kepublics and Tur- key. Even nations that do not appear o n this list are not indifferent to the Importance of the Second I'olar Year. Second I'olar Year implies a First I'olar Year. In 1875 Lieutenant Karl A few days after the farm-yard raid came one of those sudden liot days found in every spring. Tlse brooding owl, in her winter coat of feathers, gasped for breath as the temperaluie within the gum-tree ro.'m steadily. At last she could bear it no longer. Warning her male, with a double-hoot, to watch the nest, she ' flew down tho stream until she reach- ed a concealed cove. There, in the dusk of the dropping trees, she sal like a brown stump / the water'.-; edge, staring inscrutably inti, its depths. At last, as if called by the spell of that fixed gaze, a large cat- fish rose through tie brown water. Slowly as the minute hand of a ciocli the black body floated upward till it was scarcely six inches below the sur- fttce. Then with a pounce like the uncoiling of a spring, the owl'.i l^ft foot ripped through the water and clamped its claws ii to the smooth back of the fi.sh. Shedding its slug- gishness like a mask, the black swim- mer struggled desperately, lashing the water with its long smooth tail while its enormous mouth opened and clcsed. Flapping her wings, the owl tugged with all her sinewy strength, and, little by little, raised the strug- gling bulk out of the .vater and drag- ged it into the thit et, where she feasted. While she was thus pleasantly en- feaged, the owl castle in the tree-top was threatened. Aroused by the early heat a seven-foot pine snake wound Young Earl of Egmont Arrives Back Home owl â€" "Whoo, hoo. hoo, hoo, hoo." Although it was faint and far away, _., . , an indescribable menace seemed to Weyprecht of tho Au.strian Navy, who t^^ill through the weird notes. A few tad achieved some distinction .is anj^^^^^j^ j^^^^^ ^^,.^^^ ^^^^ nKxjnIight suggested that Ma-] ^^jfj^j ^ ^^^^^^^ j^^,,, ^^.^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ in the very middle of a note the singer stopped, as in the distance sound?d the ghostly call of the great horned I its way among the thickets )n a still- hunt for food. When the snake reach- ed the foot of the owl-tree, it seemed to sense the presence, high above it, of a nest of eggs and instantly liegan arctic explorer. tlons be established In high altitudes and that at these the weather and the electrical and magnetic manifestations] of the atmosphere and the solid crujt be studied for a whole year by scien- tists of all nations. There had been no systematic observation of phen- omena which, In Weyprecht's opinion, â- were worthy of as much attention in the Interest of humanity as the new land that was claimed in the name of an explorer's country. Science moves so rapidly that stud- ies will be made, during the Second Polar Year, of phenomena which wore unknown a half century ago. When the First Polar Year began. In 1882, there was no radio; there had been no systematic exploration of the atmos- phere by sounding balloons; there vere no airships and airplanes flying over tho Polos or anywhere else; and only a vague notion had come Into be- ing that sunspots had something to do with our weather. In the development of new agencies of travel and com- munication, discoveries were made that show how dependent Is our toch- two dreadful eyes flared like fire. The next instant a great owl, some two feet high, sat perched on a dead limb of a sweet gum which overhung the water. Its plumage Was a blend- ing of black and gray and tawny, with a broad whita collar, while an angle of black feathers on its fore- head gave a scowling effect to the bird's glaring eyes. At the bottom of a large hole in the tree-trunk her mate brooded two white eggs the size of a hen's egg but nearly round. To-night, the female, the larger and more savage of the two, was winnow- ir.g the Barrens for the food which her fierce blood craved. Like a sha- dow of death she drifted above the tree-tops, her ear-tufU: showing like horns, while her broad .. ings niulTled with soft down were noit;c!nss. For a time there was no sign nor sound of life which .he sharp sight and michrophonic ears of the horned bird could detect. Then as she cross- ed a little clearing in the woods slie opened her hooked beak and ga/e the „, „, „ V. .. , , . I ''*'"6 menacing hoot which had shud- nlcal progress on a better knowledge ,-„_.j n,„„„u n, • , . , ° cored through the air a few minutes before. At the sudden sound two rab- ot the earth There Is the Kennolly-IIeavIslde layer, for example. What Is It? An Invisible mirror of what Is called Ionized air surrounding the earth at a height of GO to perhaps 150 milesâ€" a jolrror without whioh there could bo no raulo communication over vast dis- tances. When Marconi first decided to send â- wireless messages across the Atlantic, there were many physlclsla who were sure he would fall. The globe la curved. It was argued. On the other hand light waves â€" and radio waves aro only lnvlslblo light waves-dart forth In straight lines. It seemed logi- cal to suppose that some of tho radio wavesâ€" those sent out horizontally â€" •would Inevitably strike a curved hump not very far out In tho ocean and never reach the other aide at all. Wh«n Marconi, In 1901, sent signals standlnr for the letter "S" across the ocean, hi proved that the waves follow tho curvature of the earth. Hut why? Dr. Konnelly, now of Harvard, and Dr. Seavislde. an English mathematical physicist, showed Indcpondeiitly that ' far above tho earth there must be a layer of elcclriflod particles which re- 1 fleets radio waves to their destliiatioiis and makes it possible for tlium emri i to travel around the earth. | Kadio waves will bo sent up verti-! cally BO that they may be reflected back. The lime tliat It takes to hear : an echo will make It po.sslblo to calcu- ' '^'^^''"'^^'h late the height of the layer. By this method It has been discovered that there Is not only a Kcnnollylliiavisldo layer, which reflects tho very long and moderately long waves from a height Of perhaps sixty miles, but an upper layer, named arter Profes.ior Applolon. •who studied It carefully, which sends back tho short waves which are now being used In what Is called beam Iraiisnilsslon. as well as In other forms of transatlantic communication. Studies In the North bits leaped high in the air and darted towards a tangle of green thorn. If they had kept still, not even the vast black pupjls of the owl's eyes would have seen them. Like a ."-hadow tho bird swooped; only the rabbits' nearness to tho thicket saved them. As the powder puff of the hindmost disappeared an!3ng Iho vines, the crooked talons of the owl gripped the empty air behind it. Snapping her beak angrily, she curved up again and continued her hunting. Soon the grim huntres.s spied another possible victim. This timo i'. was a black and white animal with a flaunting bushy tail, of a breed which she had never chanced to meet before. Tho strangi'r did not crouch and run, but unconcer .odiy dug gruba out of a dead log, for the Americim skunk fears neither man nor beast nor bird. Its motto is: "Don't hurry; others will." A million years before the World War it learned the secret of the gas-attack. Like ;. flash of darknea.s the great owl shot down toward tho unconcerned skunk. Swift as was her sweep, the nnimal's de- fense was swifter. Instantly there shot upwards a cloud of corrosive gn.% choking as the raw fumes of ain- •lonia. The owl's eyes were blinded and her lungs strangled by the deadly vapor. (lasping and scjuawking shj while the skunk calmi.v I vent on digging for grubs. Great i horned owls were nothing in its young life. Up and up the biiffled bird soared, irtil the pure sky air drove out from ; her lu.igs tho last trace of the chok- i ing fumes, although her feathers I would for many a long day bear the i sign and .scent of her (Tefeat High j above Uie earth like a huge moth .she , drifted toward where the lamplight I of a farmhouse showed warm against I Iho black cedars. As she neared the ]>'.aca her keen cirs caught tho sleepy It Id supposed that ultravlolot light note of a turkey hen who hnd persist- from tho .^un olectrlflcs Iho upper Ap-' ed in roosting on a tree instead of in pleton layer and that the properties bf tho lower Keiinelly-Heavlsido layer are duo to electrons. But Hiipposltlons ere not knowledge. Hence the need pt sclontlfli- study at Toronto and elso- â- where. the barn. An the indepen lent fowl iwttled down to sleep, a dark figure suddenly appeared on the limb beside her, and when sho lipw h.^r head out from under her wing she looked directly into a pnW of baleful oye.s. Moreover, thn r,u.,stlon remains to | With a sharp "quit" the turkey moved be answered whether thero Is any con- ; away from the menacing hulk, only to llectloD between the aurora and those lin.i ti,o di-eadful stranger again clo-o two layers. Uadio messages tako the ' ' " Shortest path. When we sond u tele- gram through the other to Manila, the ' Waves that carry the signals will, of : foiirso, travel In every direction, but Ihosfl detected at Manila will havs liravoled along a great clrdo (always fb* shortest path on a globe), and ©•nee by way of Aliiaka In th<ifle high IBtltndes where dlslurbanres In the ro- â- â€¢cll beside her. Inch by inch .she wn.-? edged clear to tho end of the hrnncii, until with a f righto .ed squawk she fell flapping into the air, protected no longer by the overhanging boughs, liofoi-e she could reach the ground tho fierce bird was upon her, and ner life wont out under the owI'k cruel claws. Then, turning back the fea- thers of the fowl's breast, tho owl to climb the trunk, seemingly without an effort, almost in a straight line. Swift and silent as the intruder's K otions had been, they had not es- caped the watchful eyes of the male owl, roosting in a nearby pine. Just as the pointed head was about to dis- appear within the hole, there was a flash of wings and the snake's brown- and-white body was writhing in the owl's punishing talons. Doubling upon itself the snake rattled its glottis to imitate exactly the sound of thi rattles of a timber rattlesnake. There are few living things that will interfere with a snake of that size stunding the death-note of the great pit-viper. But as a matter of fact the pine snake has no fangs, and his pretense was but a poor protection a^jainst tho grim bird in whose talons he struggled. The owl made short vork indeed of the harmless bluffing pine si.ake. By the time the female owl returned all that was left of the invader were short lengths of neatly dressed, firm white meat. With never a .sound the great owl swooped into her nest. That night just as the whippoorwill called in the early dark, somethinfi, for which sho had waited long and eagerly, stirrjd against her fierce heart. All that night the new life beneath her fea- thers pulsed and struggled, until n-; the dawn came into the sky two downy white owlets freed themselv .s from the imprisoning shells and, panting ai -i quivering, nestled against the soft breast of their grim mother, who gazed down at them adoringly. 20-Year Search Reveals Meteor The young Earl of Egmont, son of Alberta's late rancher earl, ia back in Calgary among the hometown folks and is seen here at recent cowboy contests. Little Betty was sitting with her mother in church during the wedding of her elder sister. Halfway through the ceremony she noticed mother shed- ding the maternal tears usual on such occasions, and whispered wondering- ly: "Why are you crying, mummy? It's not your wedding!" The Schminkus Detonating Ray The Schminkus detonating ray, sometimes called the "death ray," the invention of a young German, can ex- plode at a distance ammunition dumps, cartridges, bombs, hand grenades, sea mines, and all similar material In which explosives are used. The ray is expected to make all sido arms, ma- chine guns and cannonuseless, as the ammunition can be exploded inside the weapons. The same will apply also to airplanes and tanks, it is be- lieved. Tongue Twisters Here is a tongue twister to try to say. Of course, it is easy to say once, and slowly, but see how you get on saying it fast lots of times. He picks up the pitchers and pitches down the pictures. And now try this one: Shirley sells seaside shells. He â€" "1 wasn't going to take any vacation this summer but the boss insisted." Sheâ€" "You don't say? How long a vacation did you get?" He â€" "As long as it takes to find another job." â€" ♦ Love is never without its shadows Timothy Thrinkum - Thrankum threaded 3,333 thick and thin thistle threads. If Timothy Thrlnkum- Thrankum threaded 3,333 thick and thin thistle threads, where are the 3,333 thick and thin thirstle threads that Timothy Thrinkum-Thrankum threaded ? Here is a nice long tongue-twister for you to try to say six times quick- ly. You are sure to get in a muddle. If Plugh chooses tubes of Jubes, which will Hugh choose? Will Hugh choose this huge tube?" Thoy tried to tempt the tattered tramps to take the toothsome tarts. Where's the Frenchman's farthing Francis Fribble figured on? The critical cricket critic of Cricklewood criticised the cricket. DISAPPOINTMENT .. Wslcome disappointment! Thy liand is cold and hard, but it is the hand of a friend. Thy voice is stern of anxiety. Wo have this treasure in ^''^ harsh, but it is the voice of a earthen vessels. Another Trans-Atlantic Aspirant riend. Oh, there is something sub lime in calm endurance, something sublime In the resolute, fixed pur- pose of suffering without complain- ing, which makes dlsamwintment of- ten bettei' than si' t-cess.â€" Longfellow. ability" The height of ability consists in a thorough knowUHl.sje of the real value of thin.s;s, and of the genius of tho age In which we live. To know when to conceal our ability requires no small degree of It. REFLECTION Unreflectivo tnlnds possess thoughts only as a Jug does water, by con- taining thorn. In a disciplined mind knowledge exists like vital force In tho physical frame, ready to be directed to tongue, or hand, or foot, hither, thithor, anywhere, any use desired.- S. Cole.v. Over $500,000 Spentâ€" Age of Crater Placed at 50.000 Years For more than twenty years seareli has been directed toward location ot the buried meteorite at Meteor Crate?,' near Winslow, Arizona. Reliable estimates place the cost o£ this search at more than $^00,000. Recently, Meteor Crater Mining & Exploring Company, the present op- erators, drilled for the meteor at loca-, tions recommended as a result of studies conducted during the summer of 1930. These drilling operations hav« proved the correctness of the results. "Meteor Crater, which lies in the high plateau of northern Arizona, about twenty miles southwest of Wins- low, is a bowl-shaped, almost circular depression about 4,500 feet in diame- ter and 600 feet deep. The depressioa is surrounded by the crater rim that ' stands about 160 feet above the gea- ' eral level of the plateau. Meteor Cra- * ter has long been a Mecca for tourista * and is visited annually by thousands ' of people. » "The origin of the crater has for many years been tho subject of dia- cussion. Two theories have been re- garded as the most probable explana- tion. The first, not proved correct,' held tha the crater as formed by a' meteorite, or s\,'arm of meteoric ma- terial, striking the earth at hiarh v». locity, and burying itself. The other theory held that the crater was a result of a 'steam' explosion, attri- buted to the accumulation of hot solu- tions or gases." Brisfly, the reports gave the survey results as follows : "1. Geological examination showed that the crater was meteoric rather than due to a steam explosion. It disclosed evidence that the meteorite still existed at depth in the southwest- ern part of the crater. Geologic evl- donce placed the age of the crater to be measurable in terms of thousands of years, probably about 50,000. "2. The electrical survey located the meteorite in tho southwestera part of the crater, and indicated it to Consist of a shallow fragmentized zone, surrounding a more concen- 'rated main mass occurring at an ef-i fective depth of 700 feet iaelow the present crater floor. "3. The magnetic survey revealed the presence of a shallow shattered area containing meteoric material above the deeper and more concen- trated zone, indicated by the electrical si i-vey." "The first hole, placed in the centre of the favorable area indicated ;y the geophysical survey, ran into the zone containing meteoric fragments at a depth of 414 feet. At 675 feet further progress was halted as the drill be- came lodged in the upper part of tho more concentrated meteoric zone. The existence of the meteoric material was further proved by analyses which ] showed the presence of nickel. "The second drill hole, as far as it has been carried out, revealed similar conditions to the first. "These results are evidence of the ' reliability of modern methods of g«o- * physical prospecting. In the field of . ordinary mining exploration, the problems rarely present such difficul- t'es. Such geophysical studies will secure subsurface geologic data that can be obtained in no other way ex- cept at prohibitive cost." ' not THREE THINGS Remember, three things come back: The arrow sent upon its track- It will not swerve, it will not stay Its speed; it flies to wound or slay. The spoken word so soon forgot By thee; but it has perished still. In other hearts 'tis living still And doing work for good or ill no more to thee, weepest, In vain dost And the lost opportunity That Cometh back In valu thou yearn. Those three will nevermore return. â€" Constantina E. Brooks IN THE WOODS It thou art worn and hard beset ng layer, seem e.^peclally likely skinned it as neatly with kcr crooked [ 'I ills is tliP season for ocean fliglit^< niul hero we see Klvy Kui'p Miller who wants to make a record flight from Now York to Greece. DEATH Death is not a break In existence; it Is but an intormedlato circum- stance, a transition from one form of our finite oxistonco to another. â€" naroii llnir.luililt. read a lesson that and fori ^^''th sorrows that thou wouldst for- getâ€" If thou wouldst will keep Thy heart from soul from Go to the woods Dim tho sweet wears. and tliy fainting, sleep. and hillsâ€" no tears look that Nature â€" IjOngfellow. '-,1^^ '-'--1 •'? ^ <^m\!i\k^y â-  ..ii.iiiiles are divided Into two classes." "How's that?" "Thoso who think they know how to ralso children and those who think they know how to ralso chlckena." ! TWO WORDS I The heaviest words in our lang- iia.ge aro the two briefest onje«3, , yes and no. One stands for the sur- j render of the will, the other for denial; one for gratification, the oth- ; er for character.â€" Theodore T. Mun- ger. .> GREAT POWER The possession of great powers no doubt carries with It a contempt foi mere external show.â€" Oarfleld. .> I "I want to buy a wireless set on the Instalment plan," said the cus- tomer. "Yes. madam," replied the client; "can you give us references T" ' "Oh, yes: the last dealer we bought one from will be glad to tell yon that there wasn't a single scratch on the cabinet when ho took it back!" r