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tm the aotqh pmb kbss inota th foltowlng artiol tut h british ww debt to th united auato of jbwedflfc appeared in th london dally msja m owned v th authort lord toaverfcrofc ui velhthwrt canadian tordon ptuaher feritams u4t to amahea ha ions been a aubjaot of controversy in tha united stats orluobtm of britain ho itten severe vat that oritloum art entirely out or mbtooneeptloti and nv- undrstjttung kt u only necessary to give authoritative explanation of th djmaulu in order to dlaalnat tha violent ettaok on tha british kkohaouar that spring from tgnoranoe mitt of all dealing th tha hut ry of tha dbf and tha battlement it u aaiy for ma to give an aeaount although mueh prajttdim atflstad at tha um in ij tha dafct amounted mora or lee to oo0 million dollar tha monay wu bar- rowed from tha united utat aft america entered tha ware and at tha ties whan tjuaatlaas of aattlamaot nros othaveaunfcrlaa fcwad britain imo mil uon dollar how whan n4 ram to tha world tha baltaf wu general tn britain that tha united uui did not axpoat ual a aatuamant this conviction wu due to tha utterance of president whnn who had aald that thaw wu to be no profit from the war und tn april 1017 addraaalng both houaaa of oonirrrat congress declared that we seek no material eampetuatlon for tha namifto we ahalt freely make the infer- ally jchm4iulilliihbqv company u new york via u caaurlmuan the declaration wu in harmony with other atatament by amerioan nnblin men speaker in congress had trin- thened the conception in britain that in amerioaa eye the debt wu a contri bution made toy the united states- ti n common cause here are some typical utterance i made at the time the debt was- ineur- in percentage of population weta great briuln 14 awerk 06 wt auoh utterance and aueh facta in their mind tha brltllah delegate at the peace conference formed wgh imps of the american attitude toward the senator afooumber we ought to ha mighty liberal in the expenditure of money whan we oan take no part in the real battle whloh today la the battle of the american people senator moot every dollar epnd- d under the provisions of thla bul win be for the benefit of the united statae senator kenyan i hone that ana of thaae loam will never be paid and that we will never oak that it be paid i never want to see thla government ask iryanca to return the loan we may make her senator oummlna i am perfectly willing to five to any of the billed nations the money whloh they need to carry on our war for it ti now our war i would give it just as freely u x would equip our army or maintain our navy itopraaentauve mondnll we can by tlve advances effectively and in the immediate future arm atrengthen and support thoae wlio are alnoe our declara tion of war lighting nurbtuea neprewntatlve mann i think it u mr highest duty in the making of war to alve aid to thoae who are fighting the enemy against whom we have declared war mrdneya opinion itsmraaentatlve pordney their the advances only purpose la u aid them in the beet way posatble tn fight our battlea aoroaji the aea without calling upon our men to go there representative madden we are stnrl- injj out to win a victory as i under atandtt to maintain american rights and if we oan maintain american rights by furnlsltlng money to somebody will ing w fight our battles until we are prepared to tight those battles for our- selves we ought to do it these quotations are taken from the dally oolonlat of vancouver and in the inter- ally debts of tlw bankers trust company of new york there were other public utterances by prominent anieri- cansln the same vein ttor example oeneral pershing has aald it it had not been that the allies were able to hold the line for fifteen months after we had entered the war hold them with the support of the loans we snade the war might have been lost ws scarcely reauaed what those loam mean to them and to us it seenti to me that there u aome middle ground where we ahould bear certain part of the expense to maintaining the aulaa armies on the front while wewre pre paring instead of calling all the money a loon and insisting upon its repay ment we were responsible we cttw thr money knowlig it would be used to hold th roche until we could prepare tit- teen months think of it clearly there is ft great contrast be- ng v tha i it must be aald that tha amsttaan offlelal apokeaman did nothing then to encourage this british opinio at the same time the amerioan attitude toward reparations gave by inference a measure of support to brftlah optimism britain asked that war ooau ahould faa lnelttd- ed in tha bill for reparations to be pr santsd to oarmany the american re presentatives aald that only compensation for war damage eould be ukad from the cfetthana tha atrierioan point or view pressed with vigor prevailed bernard baruoh the reparation and boonomlo aectloni of the treaty page m to 96 kvtw the debts to tha united states ware plainly one of the war post of tha allied powtri the united stawa wu therefore impairing its debtora powar to pay and by preventing tha british claim on germany for those war costs the americana allowed the infer ence to be drawn that tha debt might be regarded u a dead letter thero wu surprise then whan a few year later the americana began to press for settlement of the debt in fact in 1010 when president wluona adminis tration wu still in orrion americana in new york especially american hu nines men made it plain in their present it of the leagues to the settlement a political t watm at pa j lnoh6a deapn iha same manner anion sets are planted try ed by president couldor tfvr while collklfff aald thpy hired- the money pershing said th effect we htre1 thr aowien battribauaa of bur penhlng and the american lectsators in 1017 envisaged the aar as a jdnt undertaking if that is h e must regard it then the burden wu unequally distributed i ptrurea drawnifrom on amerioan aouree the interally debts page ai luatrau thla the gross out bf the war lr perotmtage of the utlonkl wealth wu great britain mtfl america b7 the annual eost of the war lft perventage of national income wu great britain mm amerioa 150 the battle deathi mentof private deltis by britain to the united states would discharge britain obligations nothing wu expected from the aooumulaled war debts for many years to come mala not impaired it must not be supposed that it is urged or alleged that these representa tions interfered with or impaired the united btatas governments right to claim repayment nf the debt they did however create confidence in britain that raonnatruotlon would go forward without any interference on aoeount of these rupotudbllltles it wu only when the change of administration came in the united states in 1031 that the de mand for wttlement of tha debt began to be pressed upon britain tha first amerioan request for a funding of the debt wu net made until 1033 and mr andrew mellon was re- sjianslble for the decision to press for a settlement of the issue when the pressure wu being put on he british oovemmettt to tafcg up tha question lord balfour who was secre tary for foreign affaire in tha uoyd oeorge government wrote a note in it he said ln effect what we owe to the united states arises from the money whloh others have borrowed from us we have been only the intermediaries now this was a misstatement britain had len in the position not of an inter mediary but of a hunker who received deposits and mnd h an but uu mil- trci was nalfoui iiitnke it was not thr nror of the hntlhh nation the nitr vu written nt vlme when bauuur was growtng very old ills usefulness had passed and brlaln ahould not be hold roniutnslblr for- his statrmrnt it should not be held against the british people yet nrltatn has never had a fair consideration of the argument in thr balfour note because of the muwttite- mnnt american opinion wu concerned with the misstatement and not with the argument united ftaawa parfeta to leave tha ye- apohstuttty for b caribbean wand with the ttritlth government clo bonar caw u i have said never considered the transfer of fcrituh island to united state ownership and he gave no instruouona on that point to hi emissaries but when baldwin left for the united states bonar law made the position that britain could pay only ac cording to 11 oapaelty perfectly clear to the amerioan ambassador and also in public statements to the american neai- papre me deliberately oauad in a news paper reporter on the eve of baldwins departure to moke his view plain to the people of the united states themselves baldwin went towuhlngton ie dis cussed a settlement involving negotia tion of the debt by means of money pay ments this wu impossible it meant a transfer or about millions sterling of gold a year and britain had in hand only 1m million sterling or gold coin and bullion this wu lass than the pre war gold stock held at the time by the public u wall u tha bank any deple tion of it wu quite impossible in a coun try where the gold standard still pre vailed where tha note issue wu based on gold vahie baldwin wu forbidden bi his instruc tions from making a settlement he wu permitted only to duwmsa term but he went further than his instructions he moommanded a settlement ha did not wall to consult hi cabinet colleagues in britain when he earn horn he made a statement on his arrllval at southamp ton that the terms he brought back were the best that onuld be got and ought to be accepted by doing so ha oommlttad big go iky cardangraph uf written by ttkan haixuav catfraf psj cmv dlther to get his settlement through or resign having made his titatemeni there wu no way out his resigns linn meant the breakup of the government that was the position that confronted bona- iaw if he maintained his oppo sition to the baldwin aettlement his cabinet would split and there would be another general election with hi oon- jflrvuhvp party divided and shattered at tha poll most of bonar laws col league were in favor of the settlement tha weight of cabinet opinion wu on that aide and those or ills political friends who opposed the settlement were handicapped by the fact that bonar law wu in bad health they could not sub ject him to the trse of a political struggle so ibonor law was prevailed upon to accept the baldwin position under protest other opaensnu it hu often been represented that i wu the only opponent of the settlement at that time this is not so thero were other including mr wins on churchill mr reginald mdcenna and mr j m keynes within the short space f eight yours after the baldwin settlement when some 3000 million gold dollars had been trans ferred by britain to the united states a nuunctsi crisis broke out hi brltnln as it was bound to do sooner or later a great run took place foreigners removed their balances the treasury continued th pay it borrowed 50000000 pounds from france and the united slates but the run continued and in the end britain wu oompelled to abandon the gold standard there wru no gold left the debt of oourse was not repudiated but thrrr wu a failure ui pay due simply to the bankruptcy of the british treasury and the dlsapiear- onoe of the gold it was banlcniptoy not repudiation it wu a niufortunc to go bankrupt it wu not a crime the situ ation had aruwmtof which bonar lew had clearly and emphatically warned thr closw op shallot ctturatcd oi planting gtsvf cnw yw wm shallot shallot so popular in vngland are growing in popularity in thu country nowaday one often aees them mention ed in recipe and hstad upon menu since hallots are tnldler in tuto than their cousins the onion mny iteopla would use them if they knew they could grow thnlr own as shojwn in todays garden oraim the parent bulb of the shallot grows in olovss the clovas ahould be separ ated before planting in ungland the shallot bulbs are planted by merely pushing them into the soil to half tlielr depth irt this country jantthem in drills two when the tops wither the shallots an mature and should be dug up allow them to dry in the sun before storing there now came a change of premier- tjnitbd autos at the time the settlement ship in britain and a general election uoyd oeorge went out bonar law came to power under pressure from wuh- ington he sejit mr baldwin to neiotlate in the united state but he gave him directions to return after making an examination or the position he maie hi pwn vtrws perfectly plain a aettle ment must depend on some other method of satisfying the united states than the transfer of money the debt could not be paid in gold britain had no gold to send it could nb be paid in an lh- creased sale of british goods the united states woutd not take more goods and it could not be settled by means of was made britain and the united stales had a joint responsibility tor deplettna the british treasury from ttie niaklnu of the settlement to the failure u pay 3000 million dollars of money hnd been transferred from britain to the united states in debt uistaments thr united states knew the debtors condition and yet exacted payment of the drbl in the end debtor and creditor shared thr responsibility for cmptlng tlw rittsti till thrrr were left the goods on britain shelves the creditor did not take the he dld not wont them thr united the trade balance for the trade balance st had plenty of goods on her own wu against britain wilting bat unswe bonar laws position wu that of debtor willing to pay but requiring that payment must be adjusted both in form and amount to the debtors capacity to pay this principle hu alnoe been adopted by thr united states in 1b the united states war debt commis sion stated that the capacity to pay should be taken tntoaccount in consider ing the funding of- foreign debt re- port of the united states- war debt commission page 371 fill was- what bonar law asked for it has sometimes been said although bonar law didnot deal with this pos sibility- that britain should part with other asset in settlement of the debt for instance bermuda and thr british possessions lh the caribbean without dlsoiualng the merits of this proposal from the british standpoint let it be said at one that no united stataa government hu ever been willing to open up negotiations on such a bull every succeeding president hu opposed any such acquisition the american ad ministration l do not want any more island populations the era when the danish island were purchased by the united state for 3a million dollars hu story of misfortune financial collajwe y to sl tlttow uriileifbtaies shelvei had increased in 1034 when the crisis wu over to boflo millions but in face of this large stock of sola 4 000 millions in gold dollars bi utah eltlanna who held american bonds pledg ing payment in gold dollars were required to take paper dollars after these patter dollars had fallen heavily in value by this mean about 40 per dent of americas debt in the hands of british bondholders wu repudiated and tha s looks of gold tn the united states be longing to british companies and ci uteri were taken over by the united state treasury in exchange for paper dollar tn london on the other hand gold hold ings belonging to amerioan banks com panies and individuals were not dis turbed after this default of the united stales in 1033 we come to the period of recon struction in britain this went on peacefully but only for a short urn for by the autumn or ims it wu plain that britain wu raced by a menace much grimmer and more serious than any financial trouble ttie menace of ger many inarming fast preaching war pre paring for battle britain was therefore oompallsd to collect to husband to hold fast all the gold she could possibly mobilise against the day of war and there she stands at this hour of hatur array she has gold reserves- no doubt very considerable but all destined for shipment to the united states thar shft wit j part with her accumulated ra- juutrce in exchange for weapon of war tltere is no reflection on tha tjnltad stales in this narrative it 1 a oonolaw account by one who hu been through these events told in the hope that it may modify criticism in- the american oon- unent it is desirable too that explana tions of british policy should be made to the canadian public the account 1 written at a moment when british faces new and terrible dangers in a cause whost- vlctorv will be a triumph for all men who love freedom and democracy and h is written in the complete and absolute oonvleuon that britain will emerg from the present trials to resum her anouot security to pursue peaceful occupation and to rue again to financial- might in return her obligations without dextroy- ing th livelihood ofher people and the prosperity of the world amkutt national pabat rifthlna kttdulayionn amendment of tha ashing hauuuon to provide free angling to visiting motor ist in th mountain park is announced by hon t a crerar minuter of mine and besources a visitor to ban ft jasper voho kootanay and watertnn lakes national parks pay for their transient molnj license at the park jtate they may at th name time receive free of charge an authority whloh will grant the uremia and his dependent family the right to nsh in the park in return for ihta privilege the fisherman u asked to re port hlacaloh to tlw park authorities so that information concerning flshtnn conditions in the varlnui park waters may be available the new regulation applies to vutiing motoruls from both canada and th united slates theyre so convenient tea bags save time save money f shop through the ads cantidiun military attacjir in pari the trouble wu she could not lthuyerafo them norwouldltir united states take american securiucs in thr hands of brlush investors the ait thlna in thr world she wantrd wu to have those securities liquidated at a ume when the american market was falling heavily indeed it was looked on us an unfriendly act if foreigners oftcrpd to sell american securities an thr new york market and this wu a view which was strongly preued upon britain by th americans butraw nunc another chaptcr-intlic-i- visit watebton lakes national unusually large migration of whist ling swans occurred thla spring in tha waterton lake national park alberta according to reports received by th department of mines and resource ottawa the tint appearanoe of tha swans was recorded on march 34th whrctl0 were rounled on the maafcln- offgt and lowrr walrrtun lake two i days jatrr about 200 nf thenr bird uec obsessed the itm urrc en ruito their- nesting ground itiihr arrlir aud io dm purk for i day or two brforr continuum we ilsd gold northward jmimry vu different from 1 british several species of uuterfou 1 the united states experienced t this crisis financial disaster at a ume when lw country had plenty of money shr huj lots of gold in her vaults whrn the i crash came gold stocks amounted t 4000 million drntara when tlte cruis aasover the united states although she hnd gone off the gold standard had in- j tcae4hr holding of gold remember thf distinction between the y british crisis when the gold as all pone and british credit was rulhedv arid the american crisis when the gold amounted to 4000 million dollars and nly a tnnr paw through waterton luir niuom park urrlvau werv kmall flotk nf wild ducks durum spring mbutlnn ttie ear nptlcrd on march l3tir and on march 27th uiousands ol ltice birds mmtly baldpatrs apjearrd vnnd statid for a day in the park majoroeneral l r laf1he canadian military f registry bonk after laying wreath at tit tomb of attache in paris and- ffirmerjr iuty minister of na- tlie unknown soldier in pari in the centre 1 general ilium defence at otiswa is shown hero stgnlng tlw herb i inn commander of troops in ths paris area carrolls bacon carroll sliced sua special glaucot carrolli dandaa tea iib ph y ii x5- carrolli dandaa coffee llb pu 3u tomato catchup u pork and beans uu prepared mustard ubby sp awhxrti w ciuu j tuu domestic shortening sardines brmuwiefc caaatuan uu iw i lib x3 s ibu fl and the anihkur we ak a lmpf qumtjon and truth 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