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ptofttti ia the george heram wed nedy evening december 27th 1939 sloryoicwrtilan apiearwmilkoee in a recent address at montreal on wnat toe apple mdortry mmm to canada r i wheeler asshtant director marketing service fruit and tuue dmaton dominion deport- sent of agriculture reviewed the do- salnlonwide efforts of the federal and vrovtncu governments to conlune- ttm with the fruit trade of canada la distributing this years apple crop and at the sane time gave an enter- gaining history of apple eultura in the nonunion it is known said mr wheeler that apple trees were planted in nora sco- tb earner than ims for in that year stern martin set out a number of trees in thtraapous valley just opposite the town orfort royal now a royal at the present time so far as l known only one ot the varieties med by the french colonists the fa- muse or snow has become of com mercial importance a how england authority speaks on grafting methods devised hundreds of years ago the practice was known among the bo- nans it was adopted especially by hbb flemish and english peoples and the new england fathers soon fen into the habit of improving their seed lings with grafts from en and france canadian history goes on to relate that for many years the canadia fruit industry developed with bnport- d varieties the english settlers in how scotia imparted from england attaining in that way a few well german french and en varieties thus the gravenstem was brought to nova scotia by the bon charles r prescott from the london horticultural society who in turn had introduced it from its native home jp holstein germany in addition to the european introductions many new varieties were brought to nova scotia from the united states where lie majority of the varieties had orig inated as seedlings one of these american varieties the yellow beuoower was for many years a very popular apple and came to be known in nova scotia- as bishops pippin bishop inglls a church of england prelate was fond of garden ing and fruit growing he became fa- moos lor his apples and people re ferred to them generally as the bish ops pippins which were ot course bis yeilow belinower apples thus locally the variety became known as bishops pippin in new brunswick one ot the earl iest ripening varieties crimson beau ty was originated in that province by the late francis peabody and is now crown throughout the north american continent the early settlers in que bec uke then- acadian brothers brought apple seeds from france and from them it is assumed that the fa or snow apple originated on also a pioneer in the apple in- j originated the tamous mdn tosh red at danela the st law- rextce valley south of ottawa the ancet r comm expansion of apple production has been in british colombia where during the past 35 wears there has been a large develop- snent of the ppe industry in the ofcanagan yahy the kootenays and ground creston one day through the primeval wood a oalt walked home v good calves should but made a trail all bent askew a crooked trail as an calves do me trail was taken up next day by a lone dog that passed that way and then a wise bellwether sheep tursued the trail oer vale and steep and drew the flock behind him too as good bellwethers always do and from that day oer hill and glade through those old woods a path was cake the ewe there are three cardinal points to be remembered in the winter care of breeding ewes namely adequate ced ing exercise and dry quarters of these doubtless the most imp is the feeding states 8 b william di vision of animal husbandry central e farm ottawa breedijrg ewes should receive a lib eral supply of some good quality legu- snukkbr hay preferably second cut al falfa if this is not available clover or earlycut mixed hay can be sub stituted timothy hay or lev grade roughage of any kind should not be used as experiments conducted by the tilmm husbandry division of the central experimental farm have dem onstrated that the use of such rough age increases to an appreciable extent the mortality in th subsequent lamb crop silage or roots preferably tur nips make a valuable addition to the ration of the breeding ewe but the fmang of them should be reduced or discontinued altogether from about six to eight weeks before lambing this should be done as the continued feed ing of these succulents tends to pro duce soft lambs lacking in vlaollity it breeding ewes are fed a rngl quality roughage and enter their win ter quarters in fair condition it should not be necessary to feed any grain mtu about a month before lambing at this time they should ree one bah to one pound depending an their conditions of a mildly laxative mix- tare such as one composed of equal parts of bran and oats fresh water and salt should be kept before the ewes at all times it is ad visable to we iodised salt and if al falfa bay is not fed the addition of one part of bone char or bone meal to one partof salt wfu help counteract mineral deficiencies exercise is essentia breedtnc owes liberally fed and taking no exer cise are often victims of pregnancy dwnesennl allied troubles a large be yard tree from deep snow arret the e ample oppor to walk about if they do not appear to fee taking safodent ne the hay should he fed at the end of the yard war mm the shelter tons g the ewes wafc to obtain the hay wmsdtac ewes a the calfpath by bam wwbij and many men wound in and out and dodged and turned and wound about but still they followed do not laugh the first raeanderings of that calf this foretvpath became a lane that bent andturned and bent again this crooked lane where many a pot tolled on beneath the and travelled some three nildto one the years passed on tax swiftness fleet the road became a village street an this before men we a crowded citys tboroogute each day a hundred thousand fowl followed the algaag self about a hundred thousand men were led by one calf near three centuries dead they foljawed still his crooked way and lost a hundred years vdey ah many things this tale might teach but i am not ordained to preach seed potatoes move briskly ontario farmers sheam secure swgv ply for punting bnssedtatery demand fran other fror- assist canadian farmers in production of fine bacon the national hog policy of the do infamy department of agriculture which has been in operation for several years is now ot particular value in as sisting canadian fanners in obtaining bacontype foundation stock the de partment offers the services of us of ndals throughout the country at spe cified points in the selection and ship ping of guts of good bacon type either in individual or group shipments during the past few years the im provement effected in market hogs in districts receiving shipments dt bacon type gilts with assusance under the brood sow policy ot the department has been impressive and indicates that good female stock of the right type is the foundation upon which tojwlm a permanent bacon bog industry the use ot good sires which usually accom panies the ownership of good sows as sures a supply of suitable breeding gilts and of market type hogs yielding car casses suitable for both export and do mestic demand the attention of farmers is drawn to the fact that shipping charges can be reduced through shipments of groups of twenty or more sows as a carload that under oedwn conditions a boar may be wppueerwith such groups free of cost wind that permanent improve ment is more likely to result from com munity effort hi bacon hog produc uon enquiries for information and assistance should be addressed to the depot nearest the fanner these depots with the officials in charge are n curtis 407 bloweyhen ry building edmonton alberta d a hiuk alberta stock yards cal gary alberta j l pawley southern saskatchewan co operative stock yards moose jaw a d munro union stock yards saskatoon sask j h kezar prince albert 8ask l han cock s30 dominion public building winnipeg man c c xjter 59 vic toria- street toronto 2 y ont j p fleury 33a king street sherbrooke pq j w graham box 310 monr ton new brunswick science service the warkof the science service ol the donunlpn department of agricul hire is directed toward the solution of practical problems of agriculture by the application of scientific lnvesttga uon it deals with problems relating to che ravages of insect pests and dls eases affecting plants and animals the deterioration of plant and animal pro ducts through the invasion of funga and bacteria the nutritional require ments of plants and animals and the chemistry of microbiology of soils and dairy proaitcts the science service includes the divisions of entomology botany and plant pathology chenils try and bacteriology and dairy be- search centralized accounting and personnel services for these live dl visions are mauitalned in the admin is trattve unit tato- crop value the first official estimate pi the val ue of line potato crop in canada it 1b39 places the total at s38059000 with an average price over canada of el 08 per cwt- compared with 33 003 000 and an average price per cwt or 92c in 1838 and 26 660000 and an average price per cwt of 63c in 1937 work of entomologists worth mantpmilllons an appraisal of the total financial value of many of the services of the dominion department of agriculture is extremely difficult if not impossible for example the saving effected by entomological work in the control of field insects in canada through the gradual incorporation of the con cal recommendations into farm practice year after year la very great but is not always apparent for example in the year 1938 officials of the provin cial departinentjdt agricultuie of al berta estimate that the grasshopper control campaign alone resulted in a cash saving of approximately 30 000 000 a point enterprise of the domln ion entomological division and the province of saskatchewan in the use of substitutes for bran in grasshopper poison on a campaign scale in that province resulted in the saving of at least 140 000 in the purchase of sup piles in alberta in connection with the control of the pale western cutworm it is estimated a saving of 375 000 was effected on about 150000 acres on which the recommendation for the maintenance of a crusted summer fal law was followed by the farmers also in connection with the control of this lnsevt a clear sav ng of 235200 re suited on 30 000 acres of wheat under observation when the recommended so called starvation control practice was put into practice if similar surveys could be made in connection with the farm control of other insects states the dominion minister of agriculture in his annual report similar impressive lolau would be accumulated n illustrated by the saving ol 1000 in v ic en oik farm alone near drumheller and a similar saving of 470 on another farm near nobleford alberta in connection with the use of a brome grass trap crop in protecting wheat from the wheat stem afl in british columbia th-6htt- pllltcatlon of control recommendations aved about 960 to one hop grower in the prascr valley jneetfnection with the protection of die crop in his hop yards from red siider infestation farm types in canada canada produces a wide variety of agricultural products on farms which in turn vary greatly in their location iz and gneral organization in or der to d termine the location of the main producing areas of the principal crop and livestock products and udy the relationship of these various enterprises to each other in the lndi vidual tpe f fir- n ion s mcarthur and j coke of the econo- mi s dlvlsion marketing service do m nion department of a rrlculture have prnared a 44 pan illustrated uudy of the type r farming n camtfla the results of the study are presented in four divisions which cov er all the main points of the subject the types of farming in canaoa may be obtained by writing to the publicity and extension division do minion department of agriculture ot tawa advertise it pays many potato gr have not yet obtained their supply of seed they should not delay much longer says j t cassm potato expert of the ont dept of agriculture stocks of cer tified seed are becoming depleted en quiries are being xecelvectmrom dif ferent provmcea and for export for irish cobblers warbas katahdms and chlppewas expotshlpmenta have been made of kabanaffiftand further shipments may follow this good seed should be plantedl in ontario and growers should notuet the opportunity pas to buy before it is too late the demand for seed potatoes has been muc hgreater this season than usual mr cassln states growers are realising that it does not pay to plant diseased seed diseased seed com pared with certified seed not only re duces the yield very matrlauy but dis used tubers do not cook well and the consumers do not want them growers making purchases of seed potatoes with the intention of havtng- inspection for certification should re member that such seed must be graded to the requirements for certlfied seed and officially tagged to receive inspection in 1940 bin run or canada no 1 grade will not receive inspection certified growers who plant their own seed will be required to satisfy the inspector that the seed was select ed from crops produced in fields that passed all inspections in the previous year and were free from bacterial ring rot if their seed shows any sign or deterioration growers should discard it and purchase the best foun datlon seed available now dealers pay premiums for table stock grown from certified seed mr cassln stated in their wartime effort to not only maintain but in many cases to in crease the production ot grain on on tario farms to 1m0 the ontario dept of agriculture has asked every agri cultural represe to make a comprehensive survey in his particular county of available seed grain supplies this report must be hi the hands of the department by january 17th we want to rind out how much good seed grain there is in the pro vince and get it moved this winter in to the hands of the farmers for sow ing next spring said w r reek de puty minister of agriculture in com menting on the survey we have re ceived reports from some sections that grain suitable for seeding purposes is being fed to live stock this grain should be saved tor seed and cheaper grain fed mr reek pointed out that under war conditions ontario wlh have to produce every possible bushel per acre one way this can be done is through the use of good seed which tests have shown over a period of years to be much superior to ordinary seed in this drive for better and larger gain crops farmers can aid by notify ing their agricultural representatives of their seed grain supplies and then- own particular needs r honey retains texture rest in dr1 atmosphere many persons may have observed uw watery appearance on the surface of hone j when exposed for a few days in a humid atmosphere this caused by the fact that honey actually absorbs motstt re from the air an tm poi an consideruuon in the storage of honej the containers in common use with sere tops and friction tops do not prevnt absorption or molstun from an atmosphere of high humidity it hah ben established tnat honey s ored in a dry atmosphere 1osj some cf lis molstgre while it takes on mois lure in a humid atmosphere the loss of moisture does not affect its keeping qualities but ue result of increased water content ttmid1 to promote con dltlons favourable forv yeast jtow th thu brings about feirhtimatfi n re suiting in spoilage of the lione practically all honey contains yeasts which become n 1 when ti w iter content of the honey 1 ilgh w lies c a jamleson or t bee dhision do minion t nmental farms service in general it is fjjri that wnite hon eys will ke t oncr than aark ion j because t i lur arc ct ed ii the late sumrne j tall when con dttion for i pining b the beis are not so favorable and as a rcsu will con tam more moisture one method used to preen mentation is by pasteurizirg healing the honej to a temperature at wruci all easts are destroyed however ade quate equipment required for the pas teurlzatlon of large quantities of hon ey is expensive and thereby out of the question for most bee ke peers it is therefore advisable to keep all hone stored in a room in which the atmos phcre is comparatively dry thus pre venting spoilage down on the farm did you ever stop to f how condltiona on the farm have changed during the past quarter century es pecially as faras the women folk are concerned then every minute of the day was rilled with work and often far into the night telephones were not numerous and the only occasion for social intercourse were church and the saturday trip into town water had to be carried from distant wells clothes washing was a backbreaking operation there was the daily cleaning of kerosene lamps this has all been changed hydro lights the home the barn and farm yard radio and the party line telephone have brought the housewife into intimate contact with neighbors and the outside world the washing is done by machine and the automobile lias moved the town to the farmer front door nobody begrudges the farmers wife the many hours of extra leisure science has given her long may she live to enjoy her new found freedom individualism lb costly farmers are paying too high a price for the so called rugged individualism the enjoj this boasted independence is nothing but slavery to capital labor and the social structure in the build ing of which the primary producers have not been consulted from an economic and business point of view individualism in farm lng is plain suicide and if the oung rr gentration no coming on do not pursue a rational course of co opera tion and stand together as a rural unit thev ulll b repiaccd by european immigrants satisfied with a low type of living or the canadian farmers themselves will be reduced to peas antrj farmers adocate i the jlner quivered from stem to stern ana then aith a harsh grating sound u came to a full stop suddenly a man in a long flo ing white night shirt was seen to appear from the direction of the cabins and make for the captain s bridge oh captain captain he cried whats happened have we struck an iceberg shall i get into my life belt wont you please lower the boats too late replied the captain we ve done all we can for you and youll have to look out for yourself now you sec weve juatnled up in dopk- starting the day right 1 go to the seashore i rjou evwry night the commandrmchlet lord oftrt the qaartarmtster general major oeotral w o tirflrtll tstfti 3lc and b el h the duke ot honeester at breakfast at their quuten in france calgarlans lirve taken to the air in a big way and this cit leads all others m he dominion for air travellers said w a stralth of the transcan ada air lines ralflc department in a recent rado talk at calgary in seven months he sld more than 1800 cal aarians left the city in tca planes an average of rune outgoing passengers everv da man business men mr slraith addeu use the service regular lv to commute between here and ed monton and lethbridge others have flown to vancouver in the morning at tended their business there and re turned to calgary in the evening between april 1 when service began and the end of october operations were carried on in all weathers twice a dayi between lethbridge calgary and edmonton and only eight trips were cancelled and then under con dltlons that halted even ground travel during the same period only two trips over the mountains were cancelled mr stralth remarked helpful the voung windowcleaner was very much in love and his sighing and moodiness got on his friends nerves for goodnesi sake ask the girl to marry you and settle the matter snapped bui you cant keep your mlno on ycur job while youre so un settled jim promised to p ropose that night and to tell bui the result the next day the following morning jim looked gloomier than ever she said she was very sorry but he coutdn t think of marrying a win dow cleaner he groaned sbes in love with another chap but shell re gard me as a brother and wants my brotherly help theyre going to elope tomorrow night and im lending them my ladder 1 moke morses on farms the horse seems to be holding his own in canada despite the inroads made on his domain by motor vehicles total horses on canadian farms m 1939 numbered 2824340 us compared with 2320700 last year an increase of 3840 aooordtng to the agricultural de partment ot the canadian national railways habit the a banker in a busmesb temporary job as a gasoline al and a customer drawing up to poap reques ten genons of gas eu the banker- hew far are you tveumt- the cmstow hi iv whereupon setd dont you think you could get along wtth trfr us tphe young manager of the gown x shop looked about the display room with knitted brows daphrte the model giggled the boas is grouchy about bcxnattringja irene better not sit down m irene srpoothlng the frijl oh gown that had just been tried on looked up daphne was certainly lovely at that moment jim carl son saw them talking please ke at work miser irene he supped the overhead v here is getting beyond reason rawa you stitched the fur on that rest fi gown yei shook her head i can do that now she replied do so he looked at daphne who was now gliding before a mir ror in a sinuous wrap faced with ermine thats a good idea h praised show off the goods anov attract attention miss daphne that wrap makes you look uke m queen irene found that her vision was blurred by arnlst of tears and aba- bent over her stitching she wasnt envious of daphnes beauty at least she didnt want to be but she too would have liked to swim about in the exquisite creations that so en hanced the models fragile pretti- ness how id love to try on that scarlet chiffon thought irene and the black feather cape pd look a bit different but irene might as wejjhavw wished to have the sun bend down suddenly and hand her a bit of magic ore for daphne was the prjtt- cess of the showroom and she ordr wore the lustrous silk underthm and the imported gowns and jlml the man irene secretly adored looked at the outer husk or daphne- and admired her thtf turquoise v t must be marked down tr in has faded it take 20 off it and hang rt on the rack miss irene and put the rose and gold satin m the wmdow irene obeyed then she stood a moment in the great showwindow looking at each gatent m the dis play she was thinking deeply and ailed to notice that a man had paused outside and was starmg at her it vasn t until daphne s high voice shrilled out that she started look at irene mr carlson she s trying to cut me out as a mannikin i gues sre oughtn t to- be there in that serge frock she- ruins our artistic picture don t ydts think come out of there ordejred jim and help miss daptmeintc this transparent veet as irene followed daohne to tbe- little changing alcove daphne glared at her don t jou try anything funny irene that is m man out there and i non t have ou postur ing about to attract him mr carlson demanded irene- amazed i no the man in the street he- was watching you m the show win dow jim carlson is just about to fail i m leaving at the end of this week i don t intend to wait until 1 have a salary due that i can t col- iect a young girl with her mother en tered and asked to see the scarlet chiffon dance frock jim was out and the slim little gown was too small for either ot the other clerks so irene put it on jim hurrying in paused irene flushed with excitement was mov ing indolently across the strip of velvet carpet her dusky head shin ing above her white shoulders we have a feathered wrap that looks well over this irene was cajing it s lined with scarlet chif fon bring it mabs she directed in her low soft voice when the purchases were com pleted and the shoppers gone i looked at irene as she emerged from the changing alcove in her blue serge gown with the snowy fruls at neck and wrists you did wonderfully well to sell that outfit miss irene funny i never noticed before how lov he checked him self flushing irene felt a surge of joy suppose you model instead of that blonde givl very well said irene not trou bling to tell him that daphne was leaving in two days anyway mr carlson i ve been thinking about the losses you stand because of win- dowdisplays facing east our win- dow gets the sun and the awnings later in the season hide too muffed from the cars passing in the awv nue i believe you d attract mor attenbon if you followed the jap anese fashion of showing only one article i d enjoy trimming up your window if you are willing then only one gown or wrap is faded in stead of ten ot twelve thats a good idea would y be willing to stay tonight and fix it up we could go out and get fcv bite near here and come back when they returned iran ranged a background of and across a low gilt ranged a sumptuous transparent velvet jrmi stunning and ttwj be spoiled theiev jim harm we low